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Suppressing the liquid product crossover in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

SmartMat 2021年第1期2卷 12-16页

作者： Ning Wang Rui Kai Miao Geonhui Lee Alberto Vomiero David Sinton Alexander H.Ip Hongyan Liang Edward H.Sargent School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSweden Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’Foscari University of VeniceVeniceItaly

Coupling electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)R)with a renewable energy source to create high‐value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy in moving toward a sustainable global energy ***_(2)R liquid products,such as formate,acetate,ethanol,and propanol,offer high volumetric energy density and are more easily stored and transported than their gaseous ***,a significant amount(~30%)of liquid products from electrochemical CO_(2)R in a flow cell reactor cross the ion exchange membrane,leading to the substantial loss of system‐level Faradaic *** severe crossover of the liquid product has—until now—received limited ***,we review promising methods to suppress liquid product crossover,including the use of bipolar membranes,solid‐state electrolytes,and cation‐exchange membranes‐based acidic CO_(2)R *** then outline the re-maining challenges and future prospects for the production of concentrated liquid products from CO_(2).

关键词： bipolar membranes CO_(2)reduction liquid product crossover solid‐state electrolytes

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High-Resolution Hydrogen Molecule Detection Utilizing a Nanocandle-Based Optical Sensor 16

High-Resolution Hydrogen Molecule Detection Utilizing a Nano...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Park, Nu-Ri Kim, Min-Joong Lee, Jongsu Seo, Minah Ryu, Yong-Sang Kim, Myung-Ki KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Science and Technology Sensor System Research Center Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Northwestern University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science EvanstonIL60208 United States School of Biomedical Engineering Korea University Seoul02481 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health Korea University Seoul02481 Korea Republic of

Our research introduces a novel method for safe hydrogen detection. We've developed an advanced nano-candle sensor, combining Pd with nano-candles, enabling accurate detection of low-concentration hydrogen ( ©... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Nanoclay

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Quantifying chemical short-range order in metallic alloys

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sheriff, Killian Cao, Yifan Smidt, Tess Freitas, Rodrigo Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

Metallic alloys often form phases - known as solid solutions - in which chemical elements are spread out on the same crystal lattice in an almost random manner. The tendency of certain chemical motifs to be more common than others is known as chemical short-range order (SRO) and it has received substantial consideration in alloys with multiple chemical elements present in large concentrations due to their extreme configurational complexity (e.g., high-entropy alloys). Short-range order renders solid solutions "slightly less random than completely random", which is a physically intuitive picture, but not easily quantifiable due to the sheer number of possible chemical motifs and their subtle spatial distribution on the lattice. Here we present a multiscale method to predict and quantify the SRO state of an alloy with atomic resolution, incorporating machine learning techniques to bridge the gap between electronic-structure calculations and the characteristic length scale of SRO. The result is an approach capable of predicting SRO length scale in agreement with experimental measurements while comprehensively correlating SRO with fundamental quantities such as local lattice distortions. This work advances the quantitative understanding of solid-solution phases, paving the way for the rigorous incorporation of SRO length scales into predictive mechanical and thermodynamic models. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Solid solutions

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A Mixed Ion/Electron Thermoelectric Generator with Ultrahigh Steady Thermopower by Exploring Both the Hole Tunneling and Ion Accumulations

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Advanced Energy materials 2025年第20期15卷

作者： Qian, Qi Cheng, Hanlin Xie, Hang Wu, Yihong Fang, Yuanlai Le, Qiujian Yue, Shizhong Ouyang, Jianyong Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117574 Singapore Research Institute No. 377 Linquan Street Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Ionic thermoelectric (TE) materials are promising candidate for efficient heat harvesting mainly because they can have a thermopower higher than the electronic TE materials by 2–3 orders in magnitude. However, they cannot be directly exploited in conventional thermoelectric generators (TEGs) since ions cannot transport across the electrodes into the external circuit, and they cannot be used to harvest heat under steady temperature gradient. Here, a mixed ion/electron thermoelectric generator (MTEG) is reported that can continuously generate electricity under not only temperature fluctuation but also steady temperature gradient. It is consisted of a layer of an ionogel added with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The ionic liquid is an ionic conductor, while rGO is an electronic conductor. The MTEG can supply a constant output voltage to the external load under steady temperature gradient, and the behavior is similar to that of the conventional TEGs, particularly when the external resistance is relatively high. The thermopower can be more than 7.0 mV K−1, higher than the Seebeck coefficient of the best electronic TE materials by 1–2 orders in magnitude. The operation mechanism is attributed to the hole tunneling across the rGO sheets and the high thermopower due to the Soret effect of the ions. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Electron tunneling

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Modeling the Self-Capacitance of Individual Plates in a Multi-Conductor System using PEEC 5

Modeling the Self-Capacitance of Individual Plates in a Mult...

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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Wolf, Henry Striker, Ryan Cleveland, Jerika Gieser, Anna Braaten, Benjamin D. Enochson, Avery Ewert, Daniel Mitra, Dipankar Allen, Jeffery Allen, Monica Vitola, Sabina North Dakota State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fargo United States Program of Minnesota State University Department of Integrated Engineering at Iron Range Engineering MankatoMN United States University of Wisconsin - la Crosse Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La CrosseWI United States Eglin Air Force Base Eglin Afb Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate FL32542 United States Minnesota State University Bell Program Department of Integrated Engineering MankatoMN United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

In many areas of electronics design, it is necessary to understand the different aspects of capacitance associated with various conducting surfaces in a particular layout. This is because as operating frequencies increase and dimensions decrease, capacitive coupling can become the dominant means in which noise is induced in a design. Therefore, having the ability to extract an equivalent circuit for modeling capacitive coupling and understanding the coupling can be very important, and challenging. This paper presents insight on capacitive coupling by evaluating the capacitance between two parallel plates, with particular attention paid to the self-capacitance (with a reference at infinity) of each of the individual plates. More specifically, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method is used to compute the self-capacitance of each individual plate in the parallel plate capacitor problem, and results are verified by comparison to values from James C. Maxwell's original works and the electrostatic solver ANSYS Maxwell 3D. Overall, it is shown how the self-capacitance of each individual plate changes as a function of distance between the parallel plates. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitance

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Electrochemical Performance of a Water-Based LiFePO4 Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 417卷 163-168页

作者： Chanhaew, Araya Aranmala, Komsak Darmawan, Luthfi Mursid Nisa, Shofirul Sholikhatun Nurohmah, Anisa Raditya Meethong, Nonglak Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Muang District Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta57126 Indonesia Centre of Excellence for Electrical Energy Storage Technology Universitas Sebelas Maret Central Java Surakarta57146 Indonesia Khon Kaen University Muang District Khon Kaen40002 Thailand

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) has received much attention because it can provide high power density, abundant raw materials, safety, low toxicity, and high thermal stability. In general, the production of LiFePO4 cathode uses Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. These components are expensive, toxic, and can affect the environment. Therefore, to cover this shortcoming, the solvent and binder were replaced in this study. The solvent is replaced with water, which is more environmentally friendly and abundant, while the binder is replaced with water soluble binders. Suitable electrode formulations were investigated to obtain high performance cylindrical typed Li-ion batteries. As a result, Formula B (ratio of LiFePO4: AB: KS6: SBR: CMC = 90: 3: 3: 2.677: 1.333) has the highest specific discharge capacity of 120 mAh/g. The NMP-based cathode can give about 145 mAh/g. Therefore, the water-based cathode LiFePO4 gives a value that is slightly lower the NMP-based formular. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Lithium compounds

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Electron charge qubit with 0.1 millisecond coherence time

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Nature Physics 2024年第1期20卷 116-122页

作者： Zhou, Xianjing Li, Xinhao Chen, Qianfan Koolstra, Gerwin Yang, Ge Dizdar, Brennan Huang, Yizhong Wang, Christopher S. Han, Xu Zhang, Xufeng Schuster, David I. Jin, Dafei Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions CambridgeMA United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States James Franck Institute and Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN United States

Electron charge qubits are compelling candidates for solid-state quantum computing because of their inherent simplicity in qubit design, fabrication, control and readout. However, electron charge qubits built on conventional semiconductors and superconductors suffer from severe charge noise that limits their coherence time to the order of one microsecond. Here we report electron charge qubits that exceed this limit, based on isolated single electrons trapped on an ultraclean solid neon surface in a vacuum. Quantum information is encoded in the motional states of an electron that is strongly coupled with microwave photons in an on-chip superconducting resonator. The measured relaxation and coherence times are both on the order of 0.1 ms, surpassing all existing charge qubits and rivalling state-of-the-art superconducting transmon qubits. The simultaneous strong coupling of two qubits with a common resonator is also demonstrated, as the first step towards two-qubit entangling gates for universal quantum computing. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Superconducting resonators

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Additively Manufactured Strain Sensing for Nuclear Reactor Applications 13

Additively Manufactured Strain Sensing for Nuclear Reactor A...

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13th Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control and Human-Machine Interface Technologies, NPIC and HMIT 2023

作者： Phero, Timothy L. Novich, Kaelee A. Fujimoto, Kiyo T. Khanolkar, Amey R. Johnson, Benjamin C. McMurtrey, Michael D. Estrada, David Jaques, Brian J. Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering Boise State University BoiseID United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boise State University BoiseID United States Center for Advanced Energy Studies Idaho FallsID United States Idaho National Laboratory Idaho FallsID United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780894487910

Real-time monitoring of materials in harsh environments is a crucial technique towards reducing innovation time in nuclear systems. The successful measurement of real time, in-situ strain measurements during nuclear reactor operation requires innovative sensing solutions, including novel sensing strategies as well as advanced sensor design, manufacturing, and materials selection. In this paper, we will discuss two primary strategies for in-situ strain measurement strategies: additively manufactured (AM) capacitive strain gauges (CSGs) and digital image correlation (DIC). Current commercial strain gauges have limited applications in reactors due to the harsh operating conditions and non-trivial attachment strategies (i.e., welding, epoxy-adhesive) that can affect both the sensing performance and the underlying substrate under testing. AM CSGs are a viable solution as they have a low profile, low hysteresis, and wireless sensing integration capabilities that will enhance nuclear sensing technologies. In this work, the mechanical and thermal performance of the AM CSGs were tested up to 300 °C using ASTM standardized testing procedures to simulate the temperatures found in existing light water reactors. The AM CSGs had a similar performance across multiple samples which correlates to analytical models. This work leads towards the development of CSGs designed for higher temperatures and additional environmental factors found in Generation-IV reactors. Non-contact sensors, such as DIC, offer a less destructive way to measure deformation of materials when compared to alternative methods of in-situ strain determination, such as weldable strain gauges. However, DIC requires high contrast surfaces, which often relies on the implementation of artificial patterns. Using traditional splatter techniques to fabricate these patterns have limitations, including poor surface adhesion and reproducibility. In this work, AM fabrication techniques were implemented to avoid such limitatio

关键词： Image correlation

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Challenges of measuring spin Seebeck noise

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期109卷 104429-104429页

作者： Renjie Luo Xuanhan Zhao Tanner J. Legvold Liyang Chen Changjiang Liu Deshun Hong Anand Bhattacharya Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Just as electronic shot noise in driven conductors results from the granularity of charge and the statistical variation in the arrival times of charge carriers, there are predictions for fundamental noise in magnon currents due to angular momentum being carried by discrete excitations. The inverse spin Hall effect as a transduction mechanism to convert spin current into charge current raises the prospect of experimental investigations of such magnon shot noise. Spin Seebeck effect measurements have demonstrated the electrical detection of thermally driven magnon currents and have been suggested as an avenue for accessing spin current fluctuations. Using spin Seebeck structures made from yttrium iron garnet on gadolinium gallium garnet, we demonstrate the technical challenges inherent in such noise measurements. While there is a small increase in voltage noise in the inverse spin Hall detector at low temperatures associated with adding a magnetic field, the dependence on field orientation implies that this is not due to magnon shot noise. We describe theoretical predictions for the expected magnitude of magnon shot noise, highlighting ambiguities that exist. Further, we show that magnon shot noise detection through the standard inverse spin Hall approach is likely impossible due to geometric factors. Implications for future attempts to measure magnon shot noise are discussed.

关键词： Spin Seebeck effect Spin current Magnetic insulators Noise measurements

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Neuronal Modeling Tool Using DynaSim 5

Neuronal Modeling Tool Using DynaSim

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5th IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Gieser, Anna Vitola, Sabina Enochson, Avery Wolf, Henry Striker, Ryan Cleveland, Jerika Braaten, Benjamin D. Ewert, Daniel Mitra, Dipankar Allen, Jeffery Allen, Monica North Dakota State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fargo United States Minnesota State University Bell Program Department of Integrated Engineering MankatoMN United States Program of Minnesota State University Department of Integrated Engineering at Iron Range Engineering MankatoMN United States University of Wisconsin - la Crosse Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La CrosseWI United States Munitions Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base FL32542 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

Human cognitive processes remain an area of strong interest and ongoing research. One tool to gain greater insight into this process is neuronal modeling. The following features are desirable in a neuronal modeling tool: a library of known parameters for different neurons and species, the ability to select the neuron and species of interest, the ability to quickly simulate neuronal behavior, and the ability to calculate metabolic requirements and efficiencies for various neuronal activity. Many of these can be found in software today, but not all elements can be found in one entity. The goal of this work is to develop a neuronal modeling tool that incorporates these features. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Neurons

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