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arXiv 2024年

作者： Pant, Nick Bushick, Kyle McAllister, Andrew Lee, Woncheol Van de Walle, Chris G. Kioupakis, Emmanouil Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

The quantum efficiency of AlGaN ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) declines (droops) at increasing operating powers due to Auger-Meitner recombination (AMR). Using first-principles density-functional theory, we show that indirect AMR mediated by electron-phonon coupling and alloy disorder can induce bulk C coefficients as large as ∼10-31 cm6/s. Furthermore, we find that the confinement of carriers by polarization fields within quantum wells severely relaxes crystal-momentum conservation, which exacerbates the rate of AMR over radiative recombination by an order of magnitude relative to the bulk. This results in a striking decrease in quantum efficiency at high power. Suppressing polarization fields and jointly increasing the well width would greatly mitigate AMR and efficiency droop. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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A Comparative Study on Wireless Power Transfer to Millimeter-Scale Biomedical Implants with Ultrasound and Magnetoelectric Technologies

A Comparative Study on Wireless Power Transfer to Millimeter...

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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Sujay Hosur Sumanta Kumar Karan Shashank Priya Mehdi Kiani School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

Wireless power transfer (WPT) to biomedical implants enables their miniaturization to millimeter (mm) scales by removing their battery, which is critical for chronic operation. Ultrasound (US) and magnetoelectric (ME) modalities are both emerging technologies for WPT to mm-sized implants at deep sites (several centimeters) as they enjoy higher regulatory safety limits. In US WPT, the piezoelectric transducer in the implant generates an electric voltage when actuated by US pressure. In ME WPT, the ME transducer composed of a layered magnetostrictive and piezoelectric structure is exposed to low-frequency magnetic field to generate an electric voltage. Since both US and ME transducers operate at acoustic wave resonance, high-performance mm-sized transducers operating at MHz and sub-MHz frequencies are viable. Although US and ME WPT modalities have been studied individually in the literature, there is no comparative study of them for similar conditions. This paper compares the power delivery capabilities of these two modalities using comparable mm-sized receiver transducers of 6.4×2.3×1 mm 3 . In measurements at 30 mm depth, considering the safety limits, the ME and US WPT links could deliver 4.4 mW and 6.25 mW of power in a tissue and water medium, respectively.

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Towards improving detection performance for malware with a correntropy-based deep learning method

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第4期7卷 570-579页

作者： Xiong Luo Jianyuan Li Weiping Wang Yang Gao Wenbing Zhao School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials Science Beijing100083China Beijing Intelligent Logistics System Collaborative Innovation Center Beijing101149China China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center Beijing100085China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cleveland State UniversityClevelandOH44115USA

With the rapid development of Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,the detection and analysis of malware have become a matter of concern in the industrial application of Cyber-Physical System(CPS)that provides various services using the IoT ***,many advanced machine learning methods such as deep learning are popular in the research of malware detection and analysis,and some achievements have been made so ***,there are also some *** example,considering the noise and outliers in the existing datasets of malware,some methods are not robust ***,the accuracy of malware classification still needs to be *** at this issue,we propose a novel method that combines the correntropy and the deep learning *** our proposed method for malware detection and analysis,given the success of the mixture correntropy as an effective similarity measure in addressing complex datasets with noise,it is therefore incorporated into a popular deep learning model,i.e.,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),to reconstruct its loss function,with the purpose of further detecting the features of *** present the detailed design process of our ***,the proposed method is tested both on a real-world malware dataset and a popular benchmark dataset to verify its learning performance.

关键词： Malware detection Mixture correntropy Deep learning Convolutional neural network(CNN)

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Modular Platform for Mobile Biosensing with Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Modular Platform for Mobile Biosensing with Extended Gate Fi...

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BioSensors Conference (BioSensors), IEEE

作者： Jack Twiddy Ethan Cove Hayley Richardson Lina Acosta-Perez Mika Hatada Ellie Wilson Koji Sode Spyridon Pavlidis Michael Daniele Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NC State University and UNC at Chapel Hill Raleigh NC USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering NC State University Raleigh NC USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering NC State University Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350395136

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395143

We present a modular platform for mobile biosensing using an extended gate field-effect transistor architecture. Our device contains transduction hardware for amplifying changes in electrochemical cell potential in an analyte-agnostic manner and can be interfaced with a wide variety of functionalized electrodes for the detection of any analyte for which a suitable recognition element exists. Here, the device is presented and characterized, and its applicability demonstrated using a panel of example electrode systems for the measurement of picomolar concentrations of neuropeptide Y and insulin, as well as variations in pH.

关键词： Electrodes Electric potential Microprocessors computer architecture Logic gates Hardware Biosensors Transistors Insulin

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Measurements of CNT Forest Self-Assembly from In-situ ESEM Synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Surya, Ramakrishna Koerner, Gordon L. Hajilounezhad, Taher Safavigerdin, Kaveh Calyam, Prasad Bunyak, Filiz Palaniappan, Kannappan Maschmann, Matthew R. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States MU Materials Science and Engineering Institute University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States

Understanding and controlling the dynamic self-assembly mechanisms of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is necessary to advance their technological impact. Here, in-situ environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis observes the real-time nucleation, assembly, delamination, and self-termination of dense (> 109 CNT/cm2), tall (> 100 µm) CNT forests in real time. Forest synthesis is continuously observed from nucleation to self-termination. Assembly forces generated near the substrate detach CNTs from the substrate, which simulation suggests requires approximately 10 nN of tensile force. Delamination initiates at both the CNT-catalyst and the catalyst-substrate interfaces, indicating multiple delamination mechanism. Digital image correlation applied to SEM image sequences measures time-invariant strain within growing forests, indicating that forests grow as rigid bodies after liftoff. The Meta CoTracker algorithm measured CNT growth rates reduce from 50 nm/sec to full termination over 150 seconds. This work provides a robust strategy to observe and measure CVD material synthesis in-situ using ESEM. The method is uniquely suited to observe population-based phenomena at both nanometer spatial resolution and at a highly scalable field of view. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Influencing the Dynamics of VO2 Mott Oscillators

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第4期19卷 044028-044028页

作者： Stephanie M. Bohaichuk Suhas Kumar Mahnaz Islam Miguel Muñoz Rojo R. Stanley Williams Gregory Pitner Jaewoo Jeong Mahesh G. Samant Stuart S.P. Parkin Eric Pop Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA Sandia National Laboratories Livermore California USA Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose California USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford California USA

Oscillatory devices have recently attracted significant interest as key components of computing systems based on biomimetic neuronal spiking. An understanding of the time scales underlying the spiking is essential for engineering fast, controllable, low-energy devices. However, we find that the intrinsic dynamics of these devices is difficult to properly characterize, as they can be heavily influenced by the external circuitry used to measure them. Here we demonstrate these challenges using a VO2 Mott oscillator with a sub-100-nm effective size, achieved using a nanogap cut in a metallic carbon nanotube electrode. Given the nanoscale thermal volume of this device, it would be expected to exhibit rapid oscillations. However, due to external parasitics present within commonly used current sources, we see orders-of-magnitude slower dynamics. We outline methods for determining when measurements are dominated by extrinsic factors and discuss the operating conditions under which intrinsic oscillation frequencies may be observed.

关键词： Bifurcations Metal-insulator transition Neuronal dynamics Devices Mott insulators Nanotubes Atomic force microscopy Scanning probe microscopy

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Time-dependence of SrVO3 thermionic electron emission properties

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sheikh, Md Sariful Jacobs, Ryan Morgan, Dane Booske, John Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States

Thermionic electron emission cathodes are critical components of various high power and high frequency vacuum electronic devices, electron microscopes, e-beam lithographic devices, and thermionic energy converters, which all demand an efficient and long-lasting low work function cathode. Single phase, polycrystalline perovskite oxide SrVO3, with its intrinsic low effective work function and facile synthesis process, is a promising cathode candidate, where previous works have shown evidence of an effective work function as low as 2.3 eV. However, assessment of the stability over time under conditions relevant for operation and the related interplay of evolving surface chemistry with emission performance are still missing, and necessary for understanding how to best prepare, process and operate SrVO3 cathodes. In this work, we study the vacuum activation process of SrVO3 and find it has promising emission stability over 15 days of continuous high temperature operation. We find that SrVO3 shows surface Sr and O segregation during operation, which we hypothesize is needed to create a positive surface dipole, leading to low effective work function. Emission repeatability from cyclic heating and cooling suggests the promising stability of the low effective work function surface, and additional observations of drift-free emission during one hour of continuous emission testing at high temperature further demonstrates its excellent performance stability. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Work function

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Overcoming Secondary Nucleation of Misoriented Domains during Wafer-Scale Epitaxy of Single-Crystal Graphene on Ge(110)

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ACS Nano 2025年第22期19卷 21046-21056页

作者： Jacobberger, Robert M. Miao, Zichun Yu, Ka-Man Lam, Yin Hei Li, Zizhong He, Yangchen Wang, Jia Su, Katherine A. Pathaare, Yashwrdhan Saraswat, Vivek Rhodes, Daniel A. Lagally, Max G. Altman, Michael S. Arnold, Michael S. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Department of Physics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States

The wafer-scale synthesis of single-crystal graphene on technologically important substrates is a major challenge inhibiting the development of next-generation devices that harness the exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of single-crystal graphene. Here, the factors controlling the domain orientation of graphene grown epitaxially on Ge(110) are elucidated, and this insight is utilized to produce graphene with minimal polycrystallinity. In the early stages of growth, most graphene islands have unidirectionally aligned lattices. However, we discover a secondary nucleation phenomenon in which misoriented graphene domains nucleate near/from the island edges, introducing defective grain boundaries and significantly increasing polycrystallinity throughout growth. We find that secondary nucleation occurs when islands grow over Ge steps, which form because of an interplay between the island growth and Ge surface topography evolution. Strategies for suppressing secondary nucleation are developed, enabling the synthesis of graphene in which the predominant crystal orientation has high coverage >99% and low rotational spread © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Plasma CVD

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Minimization of fanout in switching networks 15

Minimization of fanout in switching networks

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15th Annual Symposium on Switching and Automata Theory, SWAT 1974

作者： Hayes, John P. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Program University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90007 United States

The problem of finding the minimum amount of fanout needed to realize a switching function f is investigated. Fanout-free functions are defined, and necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be fanout-free are derived. A measure '(f) called the input fanout index, is introduced which represents the minimum number of input variables that fan out in any realization of f. I is shown that t(f), can be determined from the prime implicants and implicates of f. Another measure of fanout u(f), which is the minimum numbe r of signal lines that must fan out in any network realizing f is defined, and some of the properties of u(f) are examined. © 2021 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Switching networks

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Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

Electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip

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Quantum 2.0, QUANTUM 2022

作者： Wang, Imbert Ramesh, Anirudh Kramnik, Danielius Fargas Cabanillas, Josep M. Stojanović, Vladimir Kumar, Prem Popović, Miloš A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science UC Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We present progress towards realizing electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip;particularly, entangled photon-pair sources, placing them in the context of previous work, and outlining our vision for mass-producible... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171111

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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