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Rare Isotope-Containing Diamond Color Centers for Fundamental Symmetry Tests

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Morris, Ian M. Klink, Kai Singh, Jaideep T. Mendoza-Cortes, Jose L. Nicley, Shannon S. Becker, Jones N. Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University United States Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science Michigan State University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science Michigan State University United States Fraunhofer USA Inc United States Fraunhofer USA Inc. United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University United States

Detecting a non-zero electric dipole moment (EDM) in a particle would unambiguously signify physics beyond the Standard Model. A potential pathway towards this is the detection of a nuclear Schiff moment, the magnitude of which is enhanced by the presence of nuclear octupole deformation. However, due to the low production rate of isotopes featuring such"pear-shaped" nuclei, capturing, detecting, and manipulating them efficiently is a crucial prerequisite. Incorporating them into synthetic diamond optical crystals can produce defects with defined, molecule-like structures and isolated electronic states within the diamond band gap, increasing capture efficiency, enabling repeated probing of even a single atom, and producing narrow optical linewidths. In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the formation, structure, and electronic properties of crystal defects in diamond containing 229Pa, a rare isotope that is predicted to have an exceptionally strong nuclear octupole deformation. In addition, we identified and studied stable lanthanide-containing defects with similar electronic structures as non-radioactive proxies to aid in experimental methods. Our findings hold promise for the existence of such defects and can contribute to the development of a quantum information processing-inspired toolbox of techniques for studying rare isotopes. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electronic properties

Light Trapping Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Constructs and Randomly Textured Thin Silicon

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Light Trapping Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Construct...

IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists

作者： Sara M. Almenabawy Yibo Zhang Rajiv Prinja Nazir P. Kherani Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728161174

ISBN: (纸本)9781728161181

We present an experimental study investigating the light trapping properties of ultra-thin silicon with inverted pyramidic photonic crystals of nano-scale mesas, as well as random pyramidal textured silicon. Using conventional industry compatible technologies - photolithography and wet alkaline etching - photonic crystals are fabricated with uniformity, homogeneity, high reproducibility wherein the mesas are of nanoscale widths (i.e., below 40 nm). For thin-silicon foils of 20 and 40 µm thicknesses, both structures demonstrate significant enhancement in absorption compared to flat thin silicon, especially after the addition of double-layer anti-reflection coating and a metallic back reflector. For photonic crystals, the enhancement is due to the significant increase in optical path length especially at long wavelengths where effects such as parallel to interface refraction are observed. For random pyramids, the wide range of pyramid sizes obtained here (from 500 nm to 5 µm) show a broadband absorption enhancement where small pyramids suppress the reflection at short wavelengths and large pyramids contribute to trapping the long-wavelength photons. The maximal photocurrent densities for these structures are comparable to that for the Lambertian surface and exceed 40 mA/cm2 for silicon foil thickness down to 20 µm,

关键词： Silicon Photonic crystals Light trapping Absorption Surface waves Reproducibility of results Reflection

CHARACTERIZATION OF APTAMER FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD ELECTRODES FOR HISTONE DETECTION

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CHARACTERIZATION OF APTAMER FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD ELECTRODES F...

2022 Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head 2022

作者： Richardson, Hayley Barahona, Jeffrey Carter, Gavin Miller, Francis J. Lobaton, Edgar Pavlidis, Spyridon Department of Materials & Science Engineering NC State University United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering NC State University United States Department of Medicine Duke University United States School of Medicine Wake Forest University United States Salisbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781940470047

This paper presents findings on the development of an electrochemical histone sensor using gold electrodes functionalized with a histone-specific RNA aptamer sequence. This has applications for early detection of circulating histones which are associated with increased mortality of critically ill patients. Surface plasmon resonance was used to characterize the electrode functionalization process and examine the specific responses to calf thymus and human histones. Through SPR, we show statistically significant differentiation of the responses between different functionalization processes with p © 2022 TRF.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance

Wearable Ultrasound Devices for Continuous Health Monitoring: Current and Future Prospects

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Wearable Ultrasound Devices for Continuous Health Monitoring...

IEEE International Energy Conference and Exhibition (EnergyCon)

作者： Najmath Ottakath Somaya Al-maadeed Ahmed Bouridane Muhammad E.H Chowdhury Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Center of Data Analytics and Cybersecurity University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar

Advancements in wearable electronics and portable sensors have enabled long-term and real-time health monitoring. Among these advancements, wearable ultrasound devices have garnered attention due to their portability, ease of use, and ability to penetrate deep tissues in the human body. The images generated by these devices can be harnessed for computer vision tasks, providing valuable insights into an individual's health status even during physical activity. This paper explores the design of such wearable ultrasound imagers, surveys their current applications, and offers insights into future prospects, including visual image processing and real-time analysis. The study also addresses the challenges of using wearable ultrasound for long-term health monitoring, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and research.

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Merging toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum without up-down symmetry in Lieb lattice metasurfaces

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhu, Guodong Yang, Sen Ndukaife, Justus C. Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

The significance of bound states in the continuum (BICs) lies in their potential for theoretically infinite quality factors. However, their actual quality factors are limited by imperfections in fabrication, which lead to coupling with the radiation continuum. In this study, we present a novel approach to address this issue by introducing a merging BIC regime based on a Lieb lattice. By utilizing this approach, we effectively suppress the out-of-plane scattering loss, thereby enhancing the robustness of the structure against fabrication artifacts. Notably, unlike previous merging systems, our design does not rely on the up-down symmetry of metasurfaces. This characteristic grants more flexibility in applications that involve substrates and superstrates with different optical properties, such as microfluidic devices. Furthermore, we incorporate a lateral band gap mirror into the design to encapsulate the BIC structure. This mirror serves to suppress the in-plane radiation resulting from finite-size effects, leading to a remarkable ten-fold improvement in the quality factor. Consequently, our merged BIC metasurface, enclosed by the Lieb lattice photonic crystal mirror, achieves an exceptionally high-quality factor of 105 while maintaining a small footprint of 26.6×26.6 um. Our findings establish an appealing platform that capitalizes on the topological nature of BICs within compact structures. This platform holds great promise for various applications, including optical trapping, optofluidics, and high-sensitivity biodetection, opening up new possibilities in these fields. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

Topological Magnonic Properties of an Antiferromagnetic Chain

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Debnath, Topojit Soundararaj, Shri Hari Kwon, Sohee Balandin, Alexander A. Lake, Roger K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

The magnonic excitations of a dimerized, one-dimensional, antiferromagnetic chain can be trivial or topological depending on the signs and magnitudes of the alternating exchange couplings and the anisotropy. The topological phase that occurs when the signs of the two different exchange couplings alternate is qualitatively different from that of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. A material that may exhibit these properties is the quasi-one-dimensional material MoI3 that consists of dimerized chains weakly coupled to adjacent chains. The magnetic ground state and its excitations are analyzed both analytically and numerically using exchange and anisotropy parameters extracted from density functional theory calculations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

Influence of mechanical compliance of the substrate on the morphology of nanoporous gold thin films

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shahriar, Sadi Somayajula, Kavya Winkeljohn, Conner Mason, Jeremy Seker, Erkin Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California - Davis DavisCA95616 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California - Davis DavisCA95616 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California - Davis DavisCA95616 United States

Nanoporous gold (np-Au) has found use in applications ranging from catalysis to biosensing where pore morphology plays a critical role in performance. While morphology evolution of bulk np-Au has been widely studied, knowledge about its thin film form is limited. This work hypothesizes that mechanical compliance of the thin film substrate can play a critical role in the morphology evolution. Via experimental and finite-element-analysis approaches, we investigate the morphological variation in np-Au thin films deposited on compliant silicone (PDMS) substrates of a range of thicknesses anchored on rigid glass supports and compare those to the morphology of np-Au deposited on glass. More macroscopic (10s to 100s of microns) cracks and discrete islands form in the np-Au films on PDMS compared to glass. Conversely, uniformly-distributed microscopic (100s of nanometers) cracks form in greater numbers in the np-Au films on glass than on PDMS, with the cracks located within the discrete islands. The np-Au films on glass also show larger ligament and pore sizes possibly due to higher residual stresses compared to the np-Au/PDMS films. The effective elastic modulus of the substrate layers decreases with increasing PDMS thickness, resulting in secondary np-Au morphology effects including a reduction in macroscopic crack-to-crack distance, an increase in microscopic crack coverage, and a widening of the microscopic cracks. However, changes in the ligament/pore widths with PDMS thickness are negligible, allowing for independent optimization for cracking. We expect these results to inform the integration of functional np-Au films on compliant substrates into emerging applications, including flexible electronics. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Porous materials

Online Classification of Alarm Floods Using a Word2vec Algorithm

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Online Classification of Alarm Floods Using a Word2vec Algor...

Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Nicola Tamascelli Harikrishna Rao Mohan Rao Valerio Cozzani Nicola Paltrinieri Tongwen Chen Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

Alarm floods are periods of intense alarm activity that may hinder control room operators' ability to diagnose and respond to process abnormalities. In this context, a method to guide and assist operators during alarm floods would provide critical support in preventing abnormalities from escalating into serious accidents. Therefore, this study introduces a novel approach for the online classification of alarm floods based on their fault categories. Historical alarm data are used to train an ensemble of Natural Language Processing models, specifically word2vec, which learn contextual relationships between alarms under different fault conditions. As a new alarm flood appears, the models predict the most probable context alarms by exploiting the knowledge gained during training. Finally, a scoring system is proposed to reward the models that make correct predictions and eventually identify the most probable fault category. The efficacy of the method has been tested on simulated alarm data from the Tennessee Eastman Process benchmark. The results are encouraging, as the models achieved relatively high accuracy in most fault categories.

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Long short-term memory (LSTM) model-based reinforcement learning for nonlinear mass spring damper system control

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Procedia computer science 2023年 216卷 213-220页

作者： Santo Wijaya Yaya Heryadi Yulyani Arifin Wayan Suparta Lukas Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program – Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta 11480 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia Cognitive Engineering Research Group (CERG) Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta 12930 Indonesia

The Neural Networks (NN) model which is incorporated in the control system design has been studied, and the results show better performance than the mathematical model approach. However, some studies consider that only offline NN model learning and does not use the online NN model learning directly on the control system. As a result, the controller's performance decreases due to changes in the system environment from time to time. The Reinforcement Learning (RL) method has been investigated intensively, especially Model-based RL (Mb-RL) to predict system dynamics. It has been investigated and performs well in making the system more robust to environmental changes by enabling online learning. This paper proposes online learning of local dynamics using the Mb-RL method by utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. We consider Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme as an agent of the Mb-RL method to control the regulatory trajectory objectives with a random shooting policy to search for the minimum objective function. A nonlinear Mass Spring Damper (NMSD) system with parameter-varying linear inertia is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the system can effectively control high-oscillating nonlinear systems with good performance.

关键词： Model-based Reinforcement Learning Random-Shooting Policy LSTM MPC Nonlinear System