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Sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air with 10× objective lens enabled by hyper-hemi-microsphere

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 398-408页

作者： Guangxing Wu Yan Zhou Minghui Hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Present address:Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China

Optical microsphere nanoscope has great potential in the inspection of integrated circuit chips for semiconductor industry and morphological characterization in biology due to its superior resolving power and label-free ***,its resolution in ambient air is restricted by the magnification and numerical aperture(NA)of *** magnification objective lens is required to be coupled with microsphere for nano-imaging beyond the diffraction *** overcome these challenges,in this work,high refractive index hyper-hemi-microspheres with tunable magnification up to 10×are proposed and realized by accurately tailoring their thickness with focused ion beam(FIB)*** effective refractive index is put forward to guide the design of *** demonstrate that the imaging resolution and contrast of a hyper-hemi-microsphere with a higher magnification and larger NA excel those of a microsphere in ***,the hyper-hemi-microsphere could resolve~50 nm feature with higher image fidelity and contrast compared with liquid immersed high refractive index *** a hyper-hemi-microsphere composed microscale compound lens configuration,sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air is realized by only coupling with a 10×objective lens(NA=0.3),which enhances a conventional microscope imaging power about an order of magnitude.

关键词： ambient immersed refractive

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An Injection Circuit Coupling Low-DC Voltage Impedance Matching System With Flexible Resonance Points for Square-Wave Voltage Power Amplifier in EM Exploration

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 11032-11050页

作者： Pang, Ying Zhu, Yongji Ji, Yanju Li, Gang Xiang, Zeng Gong, Cheng Han, Rong Tian, Wei Guo, Qun Wong, Man-Chung Lin, Jun Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Exploration and Imaging College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Changchun130026 China Jilin University College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Changchun130021 China Tongda Electromagnetic Energy Company Ltd. Changsha410000 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI 999078 China University of Macau Institute of Microelectronics 999078 China University of Macau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology 999078 China Dalian University of Technology School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Dalian116024 China Guangxi University School of Electrical Engineering Nanning530000 China Dalian Maritime University College of Marine Electrical Engineering Dalian116000 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City 999078 China

This article focuses on reactive power compensation and impedance matching of square-wave voltages. Square-wave voltage is the operating voltage in electromagnetic method (EM) exploration. The characteristics of a square-wave voltage are very different from those of a sinusoidal voltage in the power grid. Although some papers proposed impedance matching converters for square-wave voltages, they solved the high dc voltage requirement problem. The problem is caused by square-wave voltage having multiple and variable spectral components. An impedance-matching converter with an injection circuit (IMFR) for square-wave voltage is proposed. IMFR is composed of a thyristor-controlled inductor and capacitor (TCLC) part and injection circuit coupling active H-bridge part. TCLC can be controlled to resonate at the highest energy fundamental frequency for damping the largest part of the dc voltage requirement. The use of TCLC offsets the varying fundamental frequency demand on the dc voltage. First, this article gives a joint design and optimization approach for the lowest dc voltage requirement. Second, a synergistic control method of proposed IMFR is provided implementing IMFR. Third, two groups of comparative experiments show that the proposed IMFR can enlarge the current by 11.8%-38.5%. The effect on the current increase is 4.4%-7.9% higher than using only the H-bridge of the previous method when they are operated with the same dc voltage. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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PLC and Human Machine Interface based PV Condition Monitoring Structure Comprising an Innovative Fault Detection Scheme 3

PLC and Human Machine Interface based PV Condition Monitorin...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Nedaei, Amir Eskandari, Aref Pourshahbaz, Nima Salehpour, Sherko Parvin, Parviz Livera, Andreas Makrides, George Aghaei, Mohammadreza Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran Department of Physics and Energy Engineering Tehran Iran PHAENTON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia Cyprus PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia Cyprus Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering Ålesund Norway Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate outdoors and are inevitably exposed to various environmental stresses. These stresses may result in several faults and failures which can affect the PV proper performance in terms of reducing the output power and even in some catastrophic cases may end in fire hazards. Therefore, PV systems need to be constantly and carefully monitored to maintain their appropriate performance. In this paper, a condition monitoring (CM) scheme is proposed based on the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The scheme is capable to detect line-to-line (LL) and line-to-ground (LG) faults on the DC-side of the PV array and also enables the system to track the maximum power point (MPP) and provides the operator with the real-time PV information via Human-Machine Interface (HMI). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fire hazards

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Software engineering Research in a World with Generative Artificial Intelligence 24

Software Engineering Research in a World with Generative Art...

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Rinard, Martin Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA United States

Generative artificial intelligence systems such as large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities that many see as the kind of flexible and adaptive intelligence that previously only humans could exhibit. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

关键词： Software engineering

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Advancing Mars Exploration: Development of a Large-Scale Gravity Compensation System for Landers during Descent

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2025年第3期61卷 6697-6710页

作者： Sun, Haining Tang, Xiaoqiang Ge, Shuzhi Sam Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 138634 Singapore Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Tribology Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing100084 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore

As space exploration advances, an increasing number of planets are becoming targets for landing missions. Before officially launching a lander, it is essential to conduct landing tests on Earth to verify the functionality of the lander. One key challenge is to simulate the target planet's gravity environment during the lander's descent. In this study, a large-scale gravity compensation system is developed to physically simulate the Martian gravity for the landing tests of a Mars lander. The system integrates a constant force mechanism and electronic control systems, working closely to ensure smooth transitions between working states during the landing tests. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, an expression for the output force of the constant force mechanism is established, and the influence of factors such as mechanical parameters on the output force is analyzed. Experimental results show that the system can provide gravity compensation for a 720-kg Mars lander. It maintains a nearly constant output force even when the lander touches the ground and during the subsequent period, demonstrating its adaptability to transient collisions and sudden state changes. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Space research

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Flexible pressure sensors with ultrahigh stress tolerance enabled by periodic microslits

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 301-311页

作者： Song Wang Chenying Wang Yifan Zhao Yujing Zhang Yaxin Zhang Xiangyue Xu Qijing Lin Kai Yao Yuheng Wang Feng Han Yu Sun Zhuangde Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Instrument Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingboChina Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Stress tolerance plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of piezoresistive sensing films used in flexible pressure ***,existing methods for enhancing stress tolerance employ dome-shaped,wrinkle-shaped,and pyramidal-shaped microstructures in intricate molding and demolding processes,which introduce significant fabrication challenges and limit the sensing *** address these shortcomings,this paper presents periodic microslits in a sensing film made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane to realize ultrahigh stress tolerance with a theoretical maximum of 2.477 MPa and a sensitivity of 18.092 kPa−*** periodic microslits permit extensive deformation under high pressure(e.g.,400 kPa)to widen the detection ***,the periodic microslits also enhance the sensitivity based on simultaneously exhibiting multiple synapses within the sensing interface and between the periodic sensing *** proposed solution is verified by experiments using sensors based on the microslit strategy for wind direction detection,robot movement sensing,and human health *** these experiments,vehicle load detection is achieved for ultrahigh pressure sensing under an ultrahigh pressure of over 400 kPa and a ratio of the contact area to the total area of 32.74%.The results indicate that the proposed microslit strategy can achieve ultrahigh stress tolerance while simplifying the fabrication complexity of preparing microstructure sensing films.

关键词： robot shaped stress

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PierGuard: A Planning Framework for Underwater Robotic Inspection of Coastal Piers

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 15941-15952页

作者： Wang, Pengyu Lin, Hin Wang Li, Jialu Wang, Jiankun Shi, Ling Meng, Max Q.-H Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics Perception and Intelligence Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shenzhen China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute Jiaxing China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Hong Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Alberta Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

Using underwater robots instead of humans for the inspection of coastal piers can enhance efficiency while reducing risks. A key challenge in performing these tasks lies in achieving efficient and rapid path planning within complex environments. Sampling-based path planning methods, such as Rapidly-exploring Random Tree* (RRT*), have demonstrated notable performance in high-dimensional spaces. In recent years, researchers have begun designing various geometry-inspired heuristics and neural network-driven heuristics to further enhance the effectiveness of RRT*. However, the performance of these general path planning methods still requires improvement when applied to highly cluttered underwater environments. In this paper, we propose PierGuard, which combines the strengths of bidirectional search and neural network-driven heuristic regions. We design a specialized neural network to generate high-quality heuristic regions in cluttered maps, thereby improving the performance of the path planning. Through extensive simulation and real-world ocean field experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method compared with previous research. Our method achieves approximately 2.6 times the performance of the state-of-the-art geometric-based sampling method and nearly 4.9 times that of the state-of-the-art learning-based sampling method. Our results provide valuable insights for the automation of pier inspection and the enhancement of maritime safety. (Video1). © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Motion planning

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Small Object Detection Without Attention for Aerial Surveillance 13th

Small Object Detection Without Attention for Aerial Surveil...

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13th International Conference on Information Technology and its Applications, CITA 2024

作者： Choi, Jehwan Nguyen, Duy-Linh Vo, Xuan-Thuy Jo, Kang-Hyun Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Ulsan Ulsan44610 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9783031741265

This paper introduces the development of an essential deep-learning model for surveillance systems utilizing high-mounted CCTV or drones. Objects seen from elevated angles often look smaller and may appear at different angles compared to ground-level observations. To improve the detection of small objects, we propose a network incorporating an element-wise multiplication module based on the vanilla Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture. However, traditional transformer models need significant computational resources, which may not be practical for edge devices like CCTV cameras or drones. Therefore, we apply the Attention-Free Transformer (AFT) to reduce computational requirements enabling real-time operation on low-capacity devices. We validate the performance by combining ViT and AFT with the YOLOv5 real-time object detection model. Practical applicability is confirmed by implementing it on the low-capacity device named ODROID H3+. Validation datasets include Autonomous Driving Drone, VisDrone, AerialMaritime, and PKLot, all containing numerous small-sized objects. Experimental results on the VisDrone dataset show that YOLOv5 nano + AFT reduces parameter count by 4.6% while increasing accuracy by 1%, making it an efficient network. The model size is suitable for edge device implementation at 3.7 MB. Similarly, Aerial Maritime and PKLot datasets indicate a decreased amount of parameters and increased accuracy. Hence, the proposed deep learning model is applicable for aerial surveillance systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Drones

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Full-Body Case Study of Wearable Magnetoinductive Waveguides

Full-Body Case Study of Wearable Magnetoinductive Waveguides

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2024 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2024

作者： Jenkins, Connor Kiourti, Asimina ElectroScience Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH43212 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781946815194

Magnetoinductive waveguides (MIWs) have previously been introduced for use in full-body, wearable applications through single- and dual-layer planar designs. MIW non-idealities that occur in the real-world, such as anatomical curvature, path bending, and clothing transitions, have been studied in isolation. Their cumulative effect has only been assessed through a full-body simulation study which identified that transmission was possible, with some limitations. In this work, we split the analysis into 1) arm-torso and 2) leg-torso to better understand the areas of a full-body system design that present design challenges. We determine that arm-torso transmission is a significant challenge for the dual-layer planar design, with a minimum loss of 8.1 dB higher than the leg-torso scenario. The single-layer planar design performs similarly for both scenarios. Finally, both designs remain viable in both presented scenarios, as also anticipated from the previous full-body results. © 2024 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Body area networks magnetoinductive wearables

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Revisiting Stochastic Realization Theory using Functional Itô Calculus 26

Revisiting Stochastic Realization Theory using Functional It...

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26th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, MTNS 2024

作者： Veeravalli, Tanya Raginsky, Maxim Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States

This paper considers the problem of constructing finite-dimensional state space realizations for stochastic processes that can be represented as the outputs of a certain type of a causal system driven by a continuous semimartingale input process. The main assumption is that the output process is infinitely differentiable, where the notion of differentiability comes from the functional Itô calculus introduced by Dupire as a causal (nonanticipative) counterpart to Malliavin's stochastic calculus of variations. The proposed approach builds on the ideas of Hijab, who had considered the case of processes driven by a Brownian motion, and makes contact with the realization theory of deterministic systems based on formal power series and Chen-Fliess functional expansions. Copyright © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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