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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jornet, Josep M. Petrov, Vitaly Wang, Hua Popovic, Zoya Shakya, Dipankar Siles, Jose V. Rappaport, Theodore S. Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things Northeastern University United States Division of Communication Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Bouldar United States NYU Wireless New York University United States NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory United States

For decades, the terahertz (THz) frequency band had been primarily explored in the context of radar, imaging, and spectroscopy, where multi-gigahertz (GHz) and even THz-wide channels and the properties of terahertz photons offered attractive target accuracy, resolution, and classification capabilities. Meanwhile, the exploitation of the terahertz band for wireless communication had originally been limited due to several reasons, including (i) no immediate need for such high data rates available via terahertz bands and (ii) challenges in designing sufficiently high power terahertz systems at reasonable cost and efficiency, leading to what was often referred to as "the terahertz gap." Over the recent decade, advances on many fronts have drastically changed the terahertz landscape. First, the evolution from 5Ggrade to 6G-grade wireless systems dictates the need to support novel bandwidth-hungry applications and services for both data transfer (i.e., eXtended Reality (XR), the Metaverse, and vast modeling needs of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)), as well as centimeter-precision sensing and classification (i.e., for standalone position location, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking). Second, substantial progress in terahertz hardware has been achieved, offering promise that the terahertz technology gap will be closed. Hence, terahertz-band wireless communication seems inevitably an essential part of the future networking technology landscape in coming decades. To design efficient terahertz systems, the peculiarities of terahertz hardware and terahertz channels need to be understood and accounted for. This roadmap paper first reviews the evolution of the hardware design approaches for terahertz systems, including electronic, photonic, and plasmonic approaches, and the understanding of the terahertz channel itself, in diverse scenarios, ranging from common indoors and outdoors scenarios to intra-body and outer-space

关键词： Data transfer

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DRL-Based Optimization for AoI and Energy Consumption in C-V2X Enabled IoV

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

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IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zheng Wu, Qiong Fan, Pingyi Cheng, Nan Chen, Wen Letaief, Khaled B. Jiangnan University School of Internet of Things Engineering Wuxi214122 China Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering State Key laboratory of Space Network and Communications Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Xidian University State Key Lab. of ISN School of Telecom-munications Engineering Xi'an710071 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineer-ing Hong Kong

To address communication latency issues, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined Cellular-Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) technology, which includes Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication for direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. However, this method requires vehicles to autonomously select communication resources based on the Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) protocol, which may lead to collisions due to different vehicles sharing the same communication resources, thereby affecting communication effectiveness. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is considered a potential solution for handling large-scale vehicle communication, as it can enhance the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) by employing Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC), thereby reducing the negative impact of communication collisions. When evaluating vehicle communication performance, traditional metrics such as reliability and transmission delay present certain contradictions. Introducing the new metric Age of Information (AoI) provides a more comprehensive evaluation of communication system. Additionally, to ensure service quality, user terminals need to possess high computational capabilities, which may lead to increased energy consumption, necessitating a trade-off between communication energy consumption and effectiveness. Given the complexity and dynamics of communication systems, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) serves as an intelligent learning method capable of learning optimal strategies in dynamic environments. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of multi-priority queues and NOMA on AoI in the C-V2X vehicular communication system and proposes an energy consumption and AoI optimization method based on DRL. Finally, through comparative simulations with baseline methods, the proposed approach demonstrates its advances in terms of energy consumption and AoI. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Quantum Optimisation of Reconfigurable Surfaces in Complex Propagation Environments

Quantum Optimisation of Reconfigurable Surfaces in Complex P...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Emanuel Colella Luca Bastianelli Mohsen Khalily Franco Moglie Zhen Peng Gabriele Gradoni Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione Universit à Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 6G/5G Innovation Centre Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey Guildford UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Electromagnetics Laboratory and Center for Computational Electromagnetics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

The design and analysis of reconfigurable meta-surfaces operating within rich multi-path propagation fading is of crucial importance for the development of real-life programmable electromagnetic environments. We incorporate the effect of multi-path fading in an impedance-based model of wireless communication links assisted by reconfigurable surfaces. Previous work has shown that impedance-based channel models under rich multi-path propagation have an isomorphism with Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) Hamiltonians. We focus on received power minimisation, which is equivalent to the hard-to-solve task task of finding the ground state of the SK Hamiltonian. It has been recently discovered that the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) predicts the ground state of SK Hamiltonians accurately. However, the landscape parameters of QAOA are dependent on the specific realisation of the random SK Hamiltonian, which hinders the full usage of quantum hardware to optimise reconfigurable surfaces dynamically. We show by Montecarlo simulations that a concentration property cures this impediment thus making QAOA an excellent candidate for surface optimisation under fast multi-path fading.

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Hierarchically Tunable 6DMA for Wireless Communication and Sensing: Modeling and Performance Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hua, Haocheng Zhou, Yuyan Mei, Weidong Xu, Jie Zhang, Rui Guandong 518172 China National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Guandong 518172 China Guangdong 518172 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117583 Singapore

This paper proposes a new hierarchically tunable six-dimensional movable antenna (HT-6DMA) architecture for base station (BS) in future wireless networks, aiming to improve the performance of both wireless communication and sensing. The HT-6DMA BS consists of multiple antenna arrays that can flexibly move on a spherical surface, with their three-dimensional (3D) positions and 3D rotations/orientations efficiently characterized in the global spherical coordinate system (SCS) and their individual local SCSs, respectively. As a result, the 6DMA system is hierarchically tunable in the sense that each array’s global position and local rotation can be separately adjusted in a sequential manner with the other being fixed, thus greatly reducing their design complexity and improving the achievable performance. In particular, we consider an HT-6DMA BS serving multiple single-antenna users in the uplink communication or sensing potential unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/drones in a given airway area. Specifically, for the communication scenario, we aim to maximize the average sum rate of communication users in the long term by optimizing the positions and rotations of all 6DMA arrays at the BS. While for the airway sensing scenario, we maximize the minimum received sensing signal power along the airway by optimizing the 6DMA arrays’ positions and rotations along with the BS’s transmit covariance matrix. Despite that the formulated problems are both non-convex and challenging to solve, we propose efficient solutions to them by exploiting the hierarchical tunability of positions/rotations of 6DMA arrays in our proposed model. Numerical results show that the proposed HT-6DMA design significantly outperforms not only the traditional BS with fixed-position antennas (FPAs), but also the existing 6DMA scheme based on alternating array position/rotation optimization. Furthermore, it is unveiled that the performance gains of HT-6DMA mostly come from the arrays’ global position adjustmen

关键词： Covariance matrix

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Evaluating the thermal performance of perovskite SrSnO3 field effect transistors

Evaluating the thermal performance of perovskite SrSnO3 fiel...

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Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM)

作者： Bivek Bista Prafful Golani Fengdeng Liu Tristan Truttmann Georges Pavlidis Andrea Centrone Bharat Jalan Steven Koester Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland USA

Given the ever increasing, global electricity consumption, improving the efficiency and reliability of high-power electronics is of paramount importance. Ultra-wide band gap (> 3.4 eV) semiconductors have shown the potential to be used in the next generation of power electronics due to their high breakdown field and mobility. Specifically, high-quality growth of doped strontium stannate perovskite-oxide (SSO) has been recently demonstrated. The thermal properties of this novel material, however, have not been fully investigated and could be the limiting factor (excessive junction temperatures) to maximize device performance. In this study, high resolution $(\approx \mathbf{410}\ \mathbf{nm})$ transient thermoreflectance imaging (TTI) is used to obtain temperature maps of SSO two-terminal devices with varying channel width ( $\mathbf{10}\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ to $\mathbf{20}\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ ). The results show that the device thermal resistance increases by $\approx \mathbf{21} {\%}$ due to the increase in thermal spreading resistance with channel width. The observed trend is further confirmed via transient thermal analysis where the thermal time constant is shown to increase from $\mathbf{20}.\mathbf{9}\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{s}$ to $\mathbf{29}.\mathbf{9}\ \boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{s}$ . Overall, the active layer thicknesses and device geometry (length and width), must be carefully considered to improve device performance and lifetime.

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ZVT Interleaved High Step-Up Converter For Renewable Energy Systems

ZVT Interleaved High Step-Up Converter For Renewable Energy ...

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Power Electronic and Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC)

作者： Baharak Akhlaghi Hosein Farzanehfard Dhananjay Thiruvady Rasoul Faraji Fatemeh Shiri Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran Faculty of Sci Eng & Built Env Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia Department of Microelectronics Delft University of Technology The Netherlands Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne Australia

In this paper, a novel interleaved high step-up (HSU) converter is presented. The proposed converter features a large voltage gain and common input-output grounding. In this interleaved HSU converter, by using only one zero voltage transition (ZVT) auxiliary circuit with one auxiliary switch and low number of elements, soft switching (SS) performance for all the semiconductors over a wide range of load variations is achieved. This leads to advantages of high efficiency and low complexity, expense, and size. The characteristics of the proposed converter are compared to similar state of the art converters, and to confirm its effectiveness, the simulation results of the proposed converter are presented.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Simulation Soft switching Mathematical analysis Voltage High-voltage techniques Switches

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Differential Privacy for Class-based Data: A Practical Gaussian Mechanism

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ramakrishna, Raksha Scaglione, Anna Wu, Tong Ravi, Nikhil Peisert, Sean Division of Network and Systems Engineering EECS KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell Tech New York CityNY10044 United States The Computer Sciences Research and Development Department Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

In this paper, we present a notion of differential privacy (DP) for data that comes from different classes. Here, the class-membership is private information that needs to be protected. The proposed method is an output perturbation mechanism that adds noise to the release of query response such that the analyst is unable to infer the underlying class-label. The proposed DP method is capable of not only protecting the privacy of class-based data but also meets quality metrics of accuracy and is computationally efficient and practical. We illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method empirically while outperforming the baseline additive Gaussian noise mechanism. We also examine a real-world application and apply the proposed DP method to the autoregression and moving average (ARMA) forecasting method, protecting the privacy of the underlying data source. Case studies on the real-world advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) measurements of household power consumption validate the excellent performance of the proposed DP method while also satisfying the accuracy of forecasted power consumption measurements. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electric power utilization

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Millimeter Wave Full-Duplex Networks: MAC Design and Throughput Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Shengbo Wu, Wen Fu, Liqun Qu, Kaige Ye, Qiang Zhuang, Weihua Shen, Sherman Frontier Research Center Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Computer Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada

Full-duplex (FD) technique can remarkably boost the network capacity in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands by enabling simultaneous transmission and reception. However, due to directional transmission and large bandwidth, the throughput and fairness performance of a mmWave FD network are affected by deafness and directional hidden-node (HN) problems and severe residual self-interference (RSI). To address these challenges, this paper proposes a directional FD medium access control protocol, named DFDMAC to support typical directional FD transmission modes by exploiting FD to transmit control frames to reduce signaling overhead. Furthermore, a novel busy-tone mechanism is designed to avoid deafness and directional HN problems and improve fairness of channel access. To reduce the impact of RSI on link throughput, we formulate a throughput maximization problem for different FD transmission modes and propose a power control algorithm to obtain the optimal transmit power. Simulation results show that the proposed DFDMAC can improve the network throughput and fairness by over 60% and 32%, respectively, compared with the existing MAC protocol in IEEE 802.11ay. Moreover, the proposed power control algorithm can effectively enhance the network throughput. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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Mode conversion of qOBM (quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy) stain-free tissue images to emulate H&E histology via deep learning

Mode conversion of qOBM (quantitative oblique back-illuminat...

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Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2023

作者： Abraham, Tanishq Mathew Costa, Paloma Casteleiro Filan, Caroline Robles, Francisco E. Levenson, Richard Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine UC Davis Health SacramentoCA95817 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658875

Slide-free microscopy techniques have been proposed for accelerating standard histopathology and intraoperative guidance. One such technology is quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM), which enables real-time, label-free quantitative phase imaging of thick, unsectioned in-vivo and ex-vivo tissues. However, the grayscale phase contrast provided by qOBM differs from the colored histology images familiar to pathologists and clinicians, limiting its current potential for adoption. Here we demonstrate the application of unsupervised deep learning using a Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) model to transform qOBM images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images. The models were trained on a dataset of qOBM and H&E images of similar regions in excised brain tissue from a 9L gliosarcoma rat tumor model. We observed successful qOBM-to-H&E conversion of both uninvolved and tumor-containing specimens, as demonstrated by a classifier test. We describe several crucial preprocessing steps that improve the quality of conversion, such as intensity inversion, pixel harmonization, and color normalization. This unsupervised deep learning framework does exhibit occasional subpar performance;for example, as with GANs in general, it can create so-called "hallucinations", displaying features not actually present in the original qOBM images. We anticipate that this behavior can be minimized with more extensive training and deployment of advanced ML techniques, and that virtual-H&E-converted qOBM imaging will prove safe and appropriate for rapid tissue imaging applications. © 2023 SPIE

关键词： Histology

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An Econometric Analysis of Large Flexible Cryptocurrency-mining Consumers in Electricity Markets

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Majumder, Subir Aravena, Ignacio Xie, Le Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77840 United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University AllstonMA02134 United States

In recent years, power grids have seen a surge in large cryptocurrency mining firms, with individual consumption levels reaching 700MW. This study examines the behavior of these firms in Texas, focusing on how their consumption is influenced by cryptocurrency conversion rates, electricity prices, local weather, and other factors. We transform the skewed electricity consumption data of these firms, perform correlation analysis, and apply a seasonal autoregressive moving average model for analysis. Our findings reveal that, surprisingly, short-term mining electricity consumption is not directly correlated with cryptocurrency conversion rates. Instead, the primary influencers are the temperature and electricity prices. These firms also respond to avoid transmission and distribution network (T&D) charges — commonly referred to as four Coincident peak (4CP) charges — during the summer months. As the scale of these firms is likely to surge in future years, the developed electricity consumption model can be used to generate public, synthetic datasets to understand the overall impact on the power grid. The developed model could also lead to better pricing mechanisms to effectively use the flexibility of these resources towards improving power grid reliability. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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