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Mode conversion of qOBM (quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy) stain-free tissue images to emulate H&E histology via deep learning

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Mode conversion of qOBM (quantitative oblique back-illuminat...

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2023

作者： Abraham, Tanishq Mathew Costa, Paloma Casteleiro Filan, Caroline Robles, Francisco E. Levenson, Richard Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine UC Davis Health SacramentoCA95817 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510658875

Slide-free microscopy techniques have been proposed for accelerating standard histopathology and intraoperative guidance. One such technology is quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM), which enables real-time, label-free quantitative phase imaging of thick, unsectioned in-vivo and ex-vivo tissues. However, the grayscale phase contrast provided by qOBM differs from the colored histology images familiar to pathologists and clinicians, limiting its current potential for adoption. Here we demonstrate the application of unsupervised deep learning using a Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) model to transform qOBM images into virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images. The models were trained on a dataset of qOBM and H&E images of similar regions in excised brain tissue from a 9L gliosarcoma rat tumor model. We observed successful qOBM-to-H&E conversion of both uninvolved and tumor-containing specimens, as demonstrated by a classifier test. We describe several crucial preprocessing steps that improve the quality of conversion, such as intensity inversion, pixel harmonization, and color normalization. This unsupervised deep learning framework does exhibit occasional subpar performance;for example, as with GANs in general, it can create so-called "hallucinations", displaying features not actually present in the original qOBM images. We anticipate that this behavior can be minimized with more extensive training and deployment of advanced ML techniques, and that virtual-H&E-converted qOBM imaging will prove safe and appropriate for rapid tissue imaging applications. © 2023 SPIE

关键词： Histology

Rotatable Antennas for Integrated Sensing and Communications

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Chao You, Changsheng Zheng, Beixiong Shao, Xiaodan Zhang, Rui Shenzhen518055 China School of Microelectronics South China University of Technology Guangzhou511442 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

In this letter, we propose to deploy rotatable antennas (RAs) at the base station (BS) to enhance both communication and sensing (C&S) performances, by exploiting a new spatial degree-of-freedom (DoF) offered by array rotation. Specifically, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem to simultaneously maximize the sum-rate of multiple communication users and minimize the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for target angle estimation, by jointly optimizing the transmit beamforming vectors and the array rotation angle at the BS. To solve this problem, we first equivalently decompose it into two subproblems, corresponding to an inner problem for beamforming optimization and an outer problem for array rotation optimization. Although these two subproblems are non-convex, we obtain their high-quality solutions by applying the block coordinate descent (BCD) technique and one-dimensional exhaustive search, respectively. Moreover, we show that for the communication-only case, RAs provide an additional rotation gain to improve communication performance;while for the sensing-only case, the equivalent spatial aperture can be enlarged by RAs for achieving higher sensing accuracy. Finally, numerical results are presented to showcase the performance gains of RAs over fixed-rotation antennas in integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cramer-Rao bounds

Weakly Secure Summation with Colluding Users

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年

作者： Li, Zhou Zhao, Yizhou Sun, Hua Electronics and Information at Guangxi University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology School of Computer Nanning530004 China Southwest University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing400715 China University of North Texas Department of Electrical Engineering DentonTX76203 United States

In secure summation, K users, each holds an input, wish to compute the sum of the inputs at a server without revealing any information about all the inputs even if the server may collude with an arbitrary subset of users. In this work, we relax the security and colluding constraints, where the set of inputs whose information is prohibited from leakage is from a predetermined collection of sets (e.g., any set of up to S inputs) and the set of colluding users is from another predetermined collection of sets (e.g., any set of up to T users). For arbitrary collection of security input sets and colluding user sets, we characterize the optimal randomness assumption, i.e., the minimum number of key bits that need to be held by the users, per input bit, for weakly secure summation to be feasible, which generally involves solving a linear program. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Capacity Secure Summation Weak Security

On the Performance of Joint Resource Allocation and Control in Industrial IoT

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On the Performance of Joint Resource Allocation and Control ...

IEEE International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)

作者： Ying Wang Shaohua Wu Jian Jiao Ning Zhang Qinyu Zhang Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada

In this paper, a wireless networked control system with a local controller and remote controller is investigated. The observed states can be controlled directly by the local controller or controlled by the remote controller via an unreliable channel. In this scenario, we focus on a more realistic problem that the network might be faced with, that is, the lifespan of the network. However, this issue has received little attention. The lifespan of the network is considered in two-folds: 1) a stochastic sample and transmission scheme is adopted to reduce the power consumption and 2) the transmit power is optimized to guarantee the total transmission power limitation. In order to balance the control performance and the network lifespan, an optimization problem on communication and control co-design is formulated. In particular, we aim to jointly optimize the resource allocation and local/remote controls by minimizing the linear quadratic regulation (LQR) control cost under the constraints of transmit power and transmission probability. The results of the considered optimization problem show that there exists an optimal transmit power and the corresponding transmission probability that can minimize the control cost function. Numerical results are further provided to verify the theoretical analysis.

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Approximate Feedback Nash Equilibria with Sparse Inter-Agent Dependencies

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Xinjie Li, Jingqi Fotiadis, Filippos Karabag, Mustafa O. Milzman, Jesse Fridovich-Keil, David Topcu, Ufuk Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720-2284 United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory MD20783-1138 United States

Feedback Nash equilibrium strategies in multi-agent dynamic games require availability of all players’ state information to compute control actions. However, in real-world scenarios, sensing and communication limitations between agents make full state feedback expensive or impractical, and such strategies can become fragile when state information from other agents is inaccurate. To this end, we propose a regularized dynamic programming approach for finding sparse feedback policies that selectively depend on the states of a subset of agents in dynamic games. The proposed approach solves convex adaptive group Lasso problems to compute sparse policies approximating Nash equilibrium solutions. We prove the regularized solutions’ asymptotic convergence to a neighborhood of Nash equilibrium policies in linear-quadratic (LQ) games. Further, we extend the proposed approach to general non-LQ games via an iterative algorithm. Simulation results in multi-robot interaction scenarios show that the proposed approach effectively computes feedback policies with varying sparsity levels. When agents have noisy observations of other agents’ states, simulation results indicate that the proposed regularized policies consistently achieve lower costs than standard Nash equilibrium policies by up to 77% for all interacting agents whose costs are coupled with other agents’ states.1 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent robots

Meta-Learning Empowered Graph Neural Networks for Radio Resource Management

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Kai Liang, Le Yi, Xinping Ye, Hao Jin, Shi Ye Li, Geoffrey The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States The ITP Lab The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2BX United Kingdom

In this paper, we consider a radio resource management (RRM) problem in the dynamic wireless networks, comprising multiple communication links that share the same spectrum resource. To achieve high network throughput while ensuring fairness across all links, we formulate a resilient power optimization problem with per-user minimum-rate constraints. We obtain the corresponding Lagrangian dual problem and parameterize all variables with neural networks, which can be trained in an unsupervised manner due to the provably acceptable duality gap. We develop a meta-learning approach with graph neural networks (GNNs) as parameterization that exhibits fast adaptation and scalability to varying network configurations. We formulate the objective of meta-learning by amalgamating the Lagrangian functions of different network configurations and utilize a first-order meta-learning algorithm, called Reptile, to obtain the meta-parameters. Numerical results verify that our method can efficiently improve the overall throughput and ensure the minimum rate performance. We further demonstrate that using the meta-parameters as initialization, our method can achieve fast adaptation to new wireless network configurations and reduce the number of required training data samples. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

Facile integration of giant exchange bias in Fe5GeTe2/oxide heterostructures by atomic layer deposition

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第1期7卷 014008-014008页

作者： Jierui Liang Shanchuan Liang Ti Xie Andrew F. May Thomas Ersevim Qinqin Wang Hyobin Ahn Changgu Lee Xixiang Zhang Jian-Ping Wang Michael A. McGuire Min Ouyang Cheng Gong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggido 16419 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Gyeonggido 16419 Republic of Korea King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Exchange bias arises from the interfacial exchange coupling in ferromagnet-antiferromagnet bilayers and manifests as a horizontal shift of the magnetic hysteresis loop, constituting a critical component underpinning a broad range of magnetoresistive logic and memory devices. The facile implementation of exchange bias in van der Waals (vdW) magnets would be a key step towards practical devices for emerging vdW spintronics. Here, we report an easy approach to establishing strong exchange bias in the vdW magnet Fe5GeTe2 by a single-step process—atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxides on Fe5GeTe2. We successfully created exchange bias of 300–1500 Oe in Fe5GeTe2/Al2O3, Fe5GeTe2/ZnO, and Fe5GeTe2/V2O5 heterostructures, at 130 K. Control experiments showed that increasing the oxidant pulse duration in each ALD cycle or utilizing the stronger oxidant O3 can enhance the exchange bias strength, revealing the key role of the ALD oxidants. Our systematic work elucidates the essential role of ALD-enabled oxidization of Fe5GeTe2 in the formation of exchange bias, and establishes ALD of oxides as a facile, controllable, and generally effective approach to creating giant exchange bias in vdW magnets, representing an integral advance towards practical vdW spintronic devices.

关键词： Exchange bias Magnetism Ferromagnets Van der Waals systems

Disentangling Losses in Tantalum Superconducting Circuits

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Physical Review X 2023年第4期13卷 041005-041005页

作者： Kevin D. Crowley Russell A. McLellan Aveek Dutta Nana Shumiya Alexander P. M. Place Xuan Hoang Le Youqi Gang Trisha Madhavan Matthew P. Bland Ray Chang Nishaad Khedkar Yiming Cady Feng Esha A. Umbarkar Xin Gui Lila V. H. Rodgers Yichen Jia Mayer M. Feldman Stephen A. Lyon Mingzhao Liu Robert J. Cava Andrew A. Houck Nathalie P. de Leon Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA

Superconducting qubits are a leading system for realizing large-scale quantum processors, but overall gate fidelities suffer from coherence times limited by microwave dielectric loss. Recently discovered tantalum-based qubits exhibit record lifetimes exceeding 0.3 ms. Here, we perform systematic, detailed measurements of superconducting tantalum resonators in order to disentangle sources of loss that limit state-of-the-art tantalum devices. By studying the dependence of loss on temperature, microwave photon number, and device geometry, we quantify materials-related losses and observe that the losses are dominated by several types of saturable two-level systems (TLSs), with evidence that both surface and bulk related TLSs contribute to loss. Moreover, we show that surface TLSs can be altered with chemical processing. With four different surface conditions, we quantitatively extract the linear absorption associated with different surface TLS sources. Finally, we quantify the impact of the chemical processing at single-photon powers, the relevant conditions for qubit device performance. In this regime, we measure resonators with internal quality factors ranging from 5 to 15×106, comparable to the best qubits reported. In these devices, the surface and bulk TLS contributions to loss are comparable, showing that systematic improvements in materials on both fronts are necessary to improve qubit coherence further.

关键词： Quantum engineering Superconductivity Devices Superconducting devices

Implementing Quantum Secret Sharing on Current Hardware

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Graves, Jay Nelson, Mike Chitambar, Eric Department of Physics Morehouse College AtlantaGA30314 United States Coordinated Science Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States

Quantum secret sharing is a cryptographic scheme that enables a secure storage and reconstruction of quantum information. While the theory of secret sharing is mature in its development, relatively few studies have explored the performance of quantum secret sharing on actual devices. In this work, we provide a pedagogical description of encoding and decoding circuits for different secret sharing codes, and we test their performance on IBM’s 127-qubit Brisbane system. We evaluate the quality of implementation by performing a SWAP test between the decoded state and the ideal one, as well as by estimating how well the code preserves entanglement with a reference system. Results indicate that a ((3,5)) threshold secret sharing scheme performs slightly better overall than a ((5,7)) scheme based on the SWAP test, but is outperformed by the Steane Code scheme in regards to the entanglement fidelity. We also investigate one implementation of a ((2,3)) qutrit scheme and find that it performs the worst of all, which is expected due to the additional number of multi-qubit gate operations needed to encode and decode qutrits. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement