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A Context-Aware Readout System for Sparse Touch Sensing Array Using Ultra-Low-Power Always-On Event Detection

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 2023年第9期70卷 3719-3723页

作者： Roh, Hyeri Choi, Woo-Seok Seoul National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Increasing demand for larger touch screen panels (TSPs) places more energy burden to mobile systems with conventional sensing methods. To mitigate this problem, taking advantage of the touch event sparsity, this brief proposes a novel TSP readout system that can obtain huge energy saving by turning off the readout circuits when none of the sensors are activated. To this end, a novel ultra-low-power always-on event and region of interest detection based on lightweight compressed sensing is proposed. Exploiting the proposed event detector, the context-aware TSP readout system, which can improve the energy efficiency by up to 42×, is presented. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Tactile sensors

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Perfomance comparison of Machine Learning (ML) based fault detection scheme for a compensated transmission line

Perfomance comparison of Machine Learning (ML) based fault d...

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2024 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica 2024

作者： Mazibuko, N. Akindeji, K.T. Moloi, K. University of Technology Smartgrid Research Center Durban Department of Electrical Power Engineering Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Durban South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389388

Compensated transmission lines are employed in power system networks to increase energy transmission capacity, improve system stability, decrease transmission losses, and provide more flexibility in power management. However, the effectiveness of protection relays in detecting, classifying, and locating faults in such networks is significantly impacted. This is due to changes in impedance within the fault loop caused by devices used in compensated networks, which alters the apparent impedance seen by the relay. This study introduces three different fault detection and classification schemes for compensated transmission lines. Initially, an IEEE 9-bus system with series compensation at line 4-6 is utilized for data collection. Feature extraction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then conducted, followed by the implementation of fine k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Medium Nuero network (MNN), and SQVM classifiers. A comprehensive performance analysis is carried out, revealing that SQVM achieves the highest overall accuracy of 99.3%, while the fine tree outperforms SQVM in single-line fault detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Power transmission lines

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Metasurface- and PCSEL-Based Structured Light for Monocular Depth Perception and Facial Recognition

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Nano Letters 2024年第5期24卷 1808-1815页

作者： Hsu, Wen-Cheng Chang, Chia-Hsun Hong, Yu-Heng Kuo, Hao-Chung Huang, Yao-Wei Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan

The novel depth-sensing system presented here revolutionizes structured light (SL) technology by employing metasurfaces and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) for efficient facial recognition in monocular depth-sensing. Unlike conventional dot projectors relying on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and collimators, our system projects approximately 45,700 infrared dots from a compact 297-μm-dimention metasurface, drastically more spots (1.43 times) and smaller (233 times) than the DOE-based dot projector in an iPhone. With a measured field-of-view (FOV) of 158° and a 0.611° dot sampling angle, the system is lens-free and lightweight and boasts lower power consumption than vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, resulting in a 5-10 times reduction in power. Utilizing a GaAs-based metasurface and a simplified optical architecture, this innovation not only addresses the drawbacks of traditional SL depth-sensing but also opens avenues for compact integration into wearable devices, offering remarkable advantages in size, power efficiency, and potential for widespread adoption. © 2024 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Surface emitting lasers

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Improved Performance of AlGaInP Red Micro Light-Emitting Diodes by Sidewall Treatments of Citric Acid

IEEE Photonics Journal

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IEEE Photonics Journal 2024年第1期16卷 1-7页

作者： Wang, Zhen-Jin Ye, Xin-Liang Yang, Chih-Chiang Tu, Wei-Chen Su, Yan-Kuin National Cheng-Kung University Institute of Microelectronics Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan Epileds Technologies Incorporated Tainan741148 Taiwan Kun Shan University Green Energy Technology Research Center Department of Electrical Engineering Yongkang710 Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing Tainan City70101 Taiwan Institute of Microelectronics Department of Electrical Engineering Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng-Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Kun-Shan University Green Energy Technology Research Center Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan County Yongkang710 Taiwan

The efficiency of AlGaInP micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) was far weaker than that of GaN-based micro-LEDs in structure and performance. Consequently, there was an urgent demand to enhance their efficiency. In this study, a citric acid treatment strategy is proposed to improve the efficiency of red micro-LEDs, and the etching uniformity of different concentrations was first confirmed. We optimized the concentration of citric acid to 1:1 and modulated the wet etching time at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s to treat the sidewalls of devices. Under an injection current density of 68 nA/cm2, the forward voltage (Vf) of micro-LEDs after soaking in citric acid ranged from 1.40 to 1.45 V. Compared with the sample operated at the forward voltage without citric acid sidewall treatment, AlGaInP micro-LEDs displayed significantly enhanced forward voltage. This indicates that citric acid effectively removed N-GaAs without damaging the electrical properties of the devices. Among all citric acid-treated micro-LEDs, the sample with a 60 s wet etching process showed the best improvement, with the light output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased by 31.08% and 5.4%, respectively. Our proposed method to treat AlGaInP micro-LEDs presents promising opportunities for the future development of high-performance optoelectronics. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Surface roughness

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A 1.6-GHz Sub-Nyquist-Sampled Wideband Beamformer on an RFSoC

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems 2023年 1卷 308-317页

作者： Steiner, Kyle A. Yeary, Mark B. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the Advanced Radar Research Center The University of Oklahoma NormanOK73019 United States

This paper presents how to simultaneously achieve elemental sub-Nyquist sampling and true-time-delay (TTD) beamforming using a contemporary RF system-on-a-chip (RFSoC) by outlining the development of a 1.6 GHz S-band phased array system implemented using a Xilinx 8-channel 4 GSPS RFSoC. RFSoCs integrate a high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and digital-to-analog converters (DAC) with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture on a singular device, enabling direct sampling of RF signals. Thus, the RFSoC is the only hardware in this beamformer apart from the antenna aperture. This enabling technology facilitates the development of compact all-digital arrays, which massively increases the available degrees of freedom in system control enabling a paradigm shift in industry and engineering communities. The efficacy of our modular approach is confirmed via our research testbed. © 2023 Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

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Noise Characterization and Robust Signal Detection in Yeast Pheromone Molecular Communication

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IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications 2025年第2期11卷 218-227页

作者： Ntetsikas, Nikolaos Kyriakoudi, Styliana Kirmizis, Antonis Krikidis, Ioannis Akyildiz, Ian F. Lestas, Marios Frederick University Frederick Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Informatics Nicosia1036 Cyprus University of Cyprus Laboratory of Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Department of Biological Sciences Nicosia2109 Cyprus University of Cyprus IRIDA Centre Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia2112 Cyprus Truva Inc. AlpharettaGA30022 United States

A critical aspect of Molecular Communications (MC) is the implementation of signal detection policies amidst noise. To date, noise characterizations within the MC field have predominantly drawn from methodologies found in wireless communications literature. In this study, we diverge from existing MC research by utilizing a newly developed experimental platform that employs yeast, allowing us to consider more realistic noise characterizations based on the relevant signaling pathways. We propose suitable signal detection mechanisms tailored to this experimental setup, which focuses on yeast cell-to-cell communications. Our analysis identifies gene transcription as the primary source of noise, and we utilize a Markov birth-death process model with Poisson arrivals and departures to characterize it. The noisy expression of the FUS1 gene is best represented using a mixed Gaussian distribution model. This model serves as a foundation for evaluating the performance of Maximum Likelihood Detection mechanisms in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) for both symbol-by-symbol and sequence transmission schemes. Error analysis indicates that appropriate adjustments to the signal threshold can reduce errors to as low as 10%, which is not negligible. In contrast, the detection of symbol sequences demonstrates enhanced error performance, achieving error rates as low as 0.4%, albeit at the cost of increased computational complexity. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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Deep Learning Enhanced Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Using Integrated Photonic Chip Based Optical Neural Networks

Deep Learning Enhanced Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer ...

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CLEO: Science and Innovations in CLEO 2024, CLEO: S and I 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Yang, Chun-Ju Zhu, Hanqing Ning, Shupeng Feng, Chenghao Gu, Jiaqi Pan, David Z. Chen, Ray T. Microelectronics Research Center Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78758 United States Omega Optics Inc. AustinTX78759 United States

Employing Integrated Photonic Chip-Based ONNs for early pancreatic cancer detection, achieved an 80% Dice score, demonstrating efficient, high-speed alternatives to traditional electrical training systems for medical ... 详细信息

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Deep Learning Enhanced Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Using Integrated Photonic Chip Based Optical Neural Networks

Deep Learning Enhanced Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer ...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Photonic integrated circuits

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Watch You under Low-Resolution and Low-Illumination: Face Enhancement via Bi-Factor Degradation Decoupling

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2024年第5期34卷 3481-3495页

作者： Ding, Xin Wang, Zheng Fang, Jing Shu, Zhenyu Hu, Ruimin Lin, Chia-Wen NingboTech University School of Computer and Data Engineering Ningbo315100 China Wuhan University National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Wuhan430072 China National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan

Face enhancement aims to improve low-quality face images to a higher-quality level. However, in real-world nighttime scenes, complex degradation factors often affect these images, making it challenging to preserve important facial details. Existing image enhancement algorithms typically focus on independently conducting image super-resolution and brightness enhancement, assuming a fixed degradation level based on simulated training datasets. Nonetheless, real nighttime scenes involve complex degradation processes, where degradation factors dynamically and variably manifest. Therefore, achieving effective face enhancement in such scenarios is particularly daunting. This work analyzes and unveils the multiple factors of low resolution and low illumination during degradation. Based on this analysis, we propose a Bi-factor Degradation Decoupling network. Our method leverages a decoupling network to generate qualitative and quantitative features corresponding to each factor's degradation degree in the low-quality environment. These features are then combined with robust facial feature constraints to recover the details of low-quality faces. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method surpasses state-of-the-art approaches in both enhancement and face super-resolution. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Sub-Optimal Decentralized Navigation of Multiple Holonomic Agents in Simply-Connected Workspaces 63

Sub-Optimal Decentralized Navigation of Multiple Holonomic A...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Kotsinis, Dimitrios Bechlioulis, Charalampos P. Robotics Institute Maroussi Greece University of Patras Athena Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

In this paper, we propose a sub-optimal approach for the multi-agent navigation problem in simply-connected workspaces. We design a decentralized control law exhibiting the following three properties: (1) navigation of each agent with the optimal policy towards its destination, (2) avoidance of collision with other nearby agents and the workspace boundary, and (3) knowledge about the current position and not the destination of nearby agents. Moreover, we refer to the sub-optimal approach because the computational complexity and time needed to calculate the global optimal solution become unrealistic as the number of agents increases. In our case, each agent has a predetermined optimal policy calculated by a novel off-policy iterative method, to go towards its destination and it deviates from it in order to avoid collisions. The purpose of the simulation study is to examine how much the sub-optimal greedy trajectory of each agent deviates from the optimal one. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Decentralized control

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