In this paper, we study stealthy cyber-attacks on actuators of cyber-physical systems(CPS), namely zero dynamics and controllable attacks. In particular, under certain assumptions, we investigate and propose condition...
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In this paper, we study stealthy cyber-attacks on actuators of cyber-physical systems(CPS), namely zero dynamics and controllable attacks. In particular, under certain assumptions, we investigate and propose conditions under which one can execute zero dynamics and controllable attacks in the CPS. The above conditions are derived based on the Markov parameters of the CPS and elements of the system observability matrix. Consequently, in addition to outlining the number of required actuators to be attacked, these conditions provide one with the minimum system knowledge needed to perform zero dynamics and controllable cyber-attacks. As a countermeasure against the above stealthy cyber-attacks, we develop a dynamic coding scheme that increases the minimum number of the CPS required actuators to carry out zero dynamics and controllable cyber-attacks to its maximum possible value. It is shown that if at least one secure input channel exists, the proposed dynamic coding scheme can prevent adversaries from executing the zero dynamics and controllable attacks even if they have complete knowledge of the coding system. Finally, two illustrative numerical case studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and capabilities of our derived conditions and proposed methodologies.
Millimeter-wave(mmWave)Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)with random beamforming is a promising technology to guarantee massive connectivity and low latency transmissions of future generations of mobile *** this pap...
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Millimeter-wave(mmWave)Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)with random beamforming is a promising technology to guarantee massive connectivity and low latency transmissions of future generations of mobile *** this paper,we introduce a cost-effective and energy-efficient mmWave-NOMA system that exploits sparse antenna arrays in the *** analysis shows that utilizing low-weight and small-sized sparse antennas in the Base Station(BS)leads to better outage probability *** also introduce an optimum low complexity Equilibrium Optimization(EO)-based algorithm to further improve the outage *** simulation and analysis results show that the systems equipped with sparse antenna arrays making use of optimum beamforming vectors outperform the conventional systems with uniform linear arrays in terms of outage probability and sum rates.
Advancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior,dynamic responses,and energy efficiency *** charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memris...
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Advancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior,dynamic responses,and energy efficiency *** charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memristors have been developed to emulate synaptic plasticity,replicating the key functionality of neurons—integrating diverse presynaptic inputs to fire electrical impulses—has remained *** this study,we developed reconfigurable metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors(MOSCaps)based on hafnium diselenide(HfSe2).The proposed devices exhibit(1)optoelectronic synaptic features and perform separate stimulus-associated learning,indicating considerable adaptive neuron emulation,(2)dual light-enabled charge-trapping and memcapacitive behavior within the same MOSCap device,whose threshold voltage and capacitance vary based on the light intensity across the visible spectrum,(3)memcapacitor volatility tuning based on the biasing conditions,enabling the transition from volatile light sensing to non-volatile optical data *** reconfigurability and multifunctionality of MOSCap were used to integrate the device into a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model within a spiking neural network to dynamically adjust firing patterns based on light stimuli and detect exoplanets through variations in light intensity.
In this paper the authors consider the operational problem of optimal signalling and control,called control-coding capacity(with feedback),C_(FB) in bits/second,of discrete-time nonlinear partially observable stochast...
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In this paper the authors consider the operational problem of optimal signalling and control,called control-coding capacity(with feedback),C_(FB) in bits/second,of discrete-time nonlinear partially observable stochastic systems in state space form,subject to an average cost constraint.C_(FB) is the maximum rate of encoding signals or messages into randomized controller-encoder strategies with feedback,which control the state of the system,and reproducing the messages at the output of the system using a decoder or estimator with arbitrary small asymptotic error *** the first part of the paper,the authors characterize C_(FB) by an information theoretic optimization problem of maximizing directed information from the inputs to the outputs of the system,over randomized strategies(controller-encoders).The authors derive equivalent characterizations of C_(FB),using randomized strategies generated by either uniform or arbitrary distributed random variables(RVs),sufficient statistics,and a posteriori distributions of nonlinear filtering *** the second part of the paper,the authors analyze C_(FB) for linear-quadratic Gaussian partially observable stochastic systems(LQG-POSSs).The authors show that randomized strategies consist of control,estimation and signalling parts,and the sufficient statistics are,two Kalman-filters and an orthogonal innovations *** authors prove a semi-separation principle which states,the optimal control strategy is determined explicitly from the solution of a control matrix difference Riccati equation(DRE),independently of the estimation and signalling ***,the authors express the optimization problem of C_(FB) in terms of two filtering matrix DREs,a control matrix DRE,and the covariance of the innovations *** the paper,the authors illustrate that the expression of C_(FB) includes as degenerate cases,problems of stochastic optimal control and channel capacity of information transmission.
The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attacks in the context of *** authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectab...
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The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attacks in the context of *** authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectability where a given set of state pairs needs to be(eventually or periodically)distinguished in any estimate of the state of the *** authors adopt the ALTER sensor attack model from previous work and formulate four notions of CA-detectability in the context of this attack model based on the following attributes:strong or weak;eventual or *** authors present verification methods for strong CA-detectability and weak *** authors present definitions of strong and weak periodic CA-detectability that are based on the construction of a verifier automaton called the augmented *** development also resulted in relaxing assumptions in prior results on D-detectability,which is a special case of CA-detectability.
Non-linear optics is a branch of optics that studies the intriguing and sometimes unexpected ways in which light and matter interact at high intensities, when the polarization density does not respond linearly to the ...
Non-linear optics is a branch of optics that studies the intriguing and sometimes unexpected ways in which light and matter interact at high intensities, when the polarization density does not respond linearly to the electric field of the light. The pursuit of the perfect non-linear optical material has been ongoing ever since the pioneering experiment on second harmonic generation carried out by Franken in 1961 [1]. Indeed,
Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of v...
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Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of view,leading to limited performance and increased size and *** particular,simultaneously achieving a wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact ***,we demonstrate a wide field of view(greater than 60°)meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 *** the design wavelength of 633 nm,the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece *** meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye displays and night vision systems.
Nowadays, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a significant role in transmission line inspection. This paper focuses on the inertial measurement unit (IMU) as a critical component to study impacts of electromagnetic ...
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Over-the-air computation(AirComp)enables federated learning(FL)to rapidly aggregate local models at the central server using waveform superposition property of wireless *** this paper,a robust transmission scheme for ...
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Over-the-air computation(AirComp)enables federated learning(FL)to rapidly aggregate local models at the central server using waveform superposition property of wireless *** this paper,a robust transmission scheme for an AirCompbased FL system with imperfect channel state information(CSI)is *** model CSI uncertainty,an expectation-based error model is *** main objective is to maximize the number of selected devices that meet mean-squared error(MSE)requirements for model broadcast and model *** problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem and is solved in two ***,the priority order of devices is determined by a sparsity-inducing ***,a feasibility detection scheme is used to select the maximum number of devices to guarantee that the MSE requirements are *** alternating optimization(AO)scheme is used to transform the resulting nonconvex problem into two convex *** results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
This study investigates a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for grid-forming(GFM)inverter based frequency *** guarantee the stability of the inverter-based resource(IBR)system under the learned control policy,a mo...
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This study investigates a safe reinforcement learning algorithm for grid-forming(GFM)inverter based frequency *** guarantee the stability of the inverter-based resource(IBR)system under the learned control policy,a modelbased reinforcement learning(MBRL)algorithm is combined with Lyapunov approach,which determines the safe region of states and *** obtain near optimal control policy,the control performance is safely improved by approximate dynamic programming(ADP)using data sampled from the region of attraction(ROA).Moreover,to enhance the control robustness against parameter uncertainty in the inverter,a Gaussian process(GP)model is adopted by the proposed algorithm to effectively learn system dynamics from *** simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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