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Wideband Circularly-Polarized Hexagonal SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth and Compact Design

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 80407-80415页

作者： Vahid Sarani Esraa Mousa Ali Milad Shariatifar Bal S. Virdee Dion Mariyanayagam Nasr Rashid Mohammad Alibakhshikenari Mariana Dalarsson Electrical Engineering Department Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Communications and Computer Engineering Department Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan Electronics Engineering Department University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy Center for Communications Technology London Metropolitan University London U.K. Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering Jouf University Sakaka Al Jowf Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Azhar University Nasr City Cairo Egypt Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dogus University Umraniye Istanbul Türkiye School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

This paper presents a novel wideband circularly polarized (CP) cavity-backed slot antenna based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology, designed for compact and high-efficiency performance. The proposed antenna utilizes a hexagonal SIW cavity to simultaneously excite two closely spaced resonant modes (TM ${}_{\mathrm {110}}$ and TM ${}_{\mathrm {210}}$ ), resulting in enhanced bandwidth for linear polarization (LP). To achieve circular polarization, a passive, single-layer linear-to-circular polarization converter is integrated above the cavity, offering a structurally simple and PCB-compatible solution. Unlike conventional CP designs that rely on complex feeding networks or multilayered structures, this configuration maintains a planar profile and efficient performance. A fabricated prototype demonstrates strong agreement between simulation and measurement, achieving a peak gain of 9.2 dBic and a 14% axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. These results highlight the antenna’s suitability for modern wireless systems requiring wideband CP functionality, including satellite communications, 5G modules, and compact embedded devices.

关键词： Antennas Fabrication Substrates Slot antennas Polarization Geometry Wideband Broadband antennas Standards Feeds

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Compressive quantum waveform estimation

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Physical Review A 2025年第2期111卷 022625-022625页

作者： Alex Tritt Joshua Morris Christopher C. Bounds Hamish A. M. Taylor James Saunderson L. D. Turner School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia Present address: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology Faculty of Physics University of Vienna 1010 Vienna Austria. Present address: 5 Physikalisches Institut Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 70569 Stuttgart Germany. Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Victoria 3800 Australia

quantum waveform estimation, in which quantum sensors sample entire time series, promises to revolutionize the sensing of weak and stochastic signals, such as the biomagnetic impulses emitted by firing neurons. For long duration waveforms with rapid transients, regular quantum sampling becomes prohibitively resource intensive as it demands many measurements with distinct control and readout. In this paper, we demonstrate how careful choice of quantum measurements, along with the modern mathematics of compressive sensing, achieves quantum waveform estimation of sparse signals in a number of measurements far below the Nyquist requirement. We sense synthesized neural-like magnetic waveforms with radio-frequency-dressed ultracold atoms, retrieving successful waveform estimates with as few measurements as compressive theoretical bounds guarantee.

关键词： Waveform analysis

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Design of Nonlinear Delay Differential System for Analyzing Vulnerabilities in Nanoscale Hardware Implants: A Deep Dive into Intelligent Computing Networks

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Nano 2025年第3期20卷

作者： Asif Raja, Muhammad Junaid Ali Masood, Zaheer Hussain, Ijaz Zameer, Aneela Mehmood, Ammara Raja, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer and Information Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Islamabad Pakistan School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan

In the annals of contemporary innovation, the study of miniature marvels nanoscale hardware implants emerged as a pivotal instrument, scarcely perceptible to the naked eye, embodies a prowess of cutting-edge technologies and clandestine intrigue. The objective of this research is to introduce a time delay nonlinear system for nanoscale hardware implants vulnerabilities that portray the exploitation of a system by utilizing the stupendous knacks of advanced deep bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for time series predictions. Firmware-level bugs present the potential for escalating privileges and executing of code remotely beneath the operating system, allowing for infiltration or complete intervention within a computer system. The designed deep bidirectional LSTM is configured to precisely predict and forecast the dynamic states of time delay differential system, offering a robust framework for mimicking delays that commonly manifest in the real cyber-physical systems. To orchestrate the system compromises in real scenarios through the activation of bugged hardware, time delay factors τ1 and τ2 are introduced to account the time delays necessary for exploiting the bugged and patched nodes, respectively. Synthetic data is generated to train the LSTM network for all scenarios of the model for the dynamics of bugged, compromised, patched nodes and these acquired information is used for training, testing and validation purposes regarding exploitation of the bugged hardware. Comparative analysis on exhaustive simulations revealed a minimal difference between the LSTM's predictions and those from the numerical outcomes with MSE in the range of 10-7, underscoring the network's effectiveness, robustness and stability in modeling complex system dynamics of hardware vulnerabilities. © 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Firmware

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Angular-Controlled GST Phase-Change Double Micro-Ring Resonator for High-Speed Activation Functions in Neuromorphic Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Karimkhani, Hossein Banad, Yaser M. Sharif, Sarah School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma NormanOK73019 United States Center for Quantum Research and Technology University of Oklahoma NormanOK73019 United States

In the drive toward efficient neuromorphic computing, photonic technologies offer promising solutions for implementing neural functionalities. Here we demonstrate the first all-optical double micro-ring resonator incorporating Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as a phase-change material to realize precise nonlinear activation functions (NLAF). Our device architecture achieves switching speeds of 0.5 ns through a novel approach to GST integration, where angular positioning of GST segments within the rings enables unprecedented control over optical transmission characteristics. Through systematic investigation of sixteen distinct phase configurations, we identify optimal GST positioning (180◦ in the first ring, 90◦ in the second) that achieves ultra-narrow band transmission with 0.47 nm full width at half maximum. Operating at significantly lower temperatures (≈ 100◦C) than conventional GST implementations, our device maintains high contrast ratios with transmission coefficient modulation from near-zero to 0.85 across a 4 nm spectral window. The dual-ring architecture enables independent optimization of spectral selectivity and switching contrast - a capability previously unattainable in single-ring designs. These results demonstrate a viable pathway toward efficient neuromorphic photonic systems that can operate at speeds relevant for practical computing applications while maintaining the precision required for neural processing. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Light transmission

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Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successive Approximation ADC

Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successiv...

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Learning and technology Conference (L&T)

作者： Muhammad Samee Baig Aziza I. Hussein Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Effat University Saudi Arabia College of Engineering Energy and Technology Research Center Effat University Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331532215

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532222

Smart cities require better cellular communication, incorporating a high data rate that satisfies the Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements. A high data rate demands higher bandwidth with low latency. However, the already saturated or underutilized frequency spectrum hinders this realization. 5G and cognitive radio technology can enhance spectrum utilization to meet the high data demands of future cellular communication. Cognitive radio uses spectrum sensing to identify underutilized frequencies without interfering with licensed users, addressing the scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a cognitive radio receiver design with a SAR analog-to-digital converter, which is recognized for having a modest resolution for high bandwidth signals, is implemented. Moreover, the pipeline technique in the SAR design is proposed to increase the resolution to be suitable for 5G applications. The high-level model of the system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The quantization error observed in the regular SAR ADC design is compared to that in the proposed pipeline SAR ADC, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the pipeline SAR ADC, which makes it suitable for spectrum sensing in next-generation cognitive radio systems.

关键词： Quantization (signal) 5G mobile communication Software packages Smart cities Receivers Bandwidth Sensors Cognitive radio Signal resolution Pipeline processing

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A 41.32Gb/s 1.8 pJ/bit Collaborative Baud-Rate CDR With Background Eye-Climbing Algorithm and Low-Power Global Clock Distribution

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2025年

作者： Kim, Jihee Park, Jia Shin, Jiwon Kim, Hanseok Kim, Kahyun Shin, Haengbeom Park, Ha-Jung Choi, Woo-Seok Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Inter University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Samsung Electronics Hwaseong18448 Korea Republic of

This article presents design techniques for an energy-efficient multi-lane receiver (RX) with baud-rate clock and data recovery (CDR), which is essential for high-throughput low-latency communication in high-performance computing systems. The proposed low-power global clock distribution not only significantly reduces power consumption across multi-lane RXs but is capable of compensating for the frequency offset without any phase interpolators (PIs). To this end, a fractional divider (FDIV) controlled by CDR is placed close to the global phase locked loop. Moreover, in order to address the suboptimal lock point of conventional baud-rate phase detectors, the proposed CDR employs a background eye-climbing algorithm (ECA), which optimizes the sampling phase and maximizes the vertical eye margin (VEM). Fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process, the proposed 43.32Gb/s RX shows a low integrated fractional spur of -40.4 dBc at a 2500 ppm frequency offset. Furthermore, it improves bit-error-rate (BER) performance by increasing the VEM by 26 mV. The entire RX achieves the energy efficiency of 1.8 pJ/bit with the aggregate data rate of 128 Gb/s. © 1966-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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Dual Frequency Improvements to the Time-Series Ratio Algorithm for Soil Moisture Retrievals in the SMEX02 Campaign

Dual Frequency Improvements to the Time-Series Ratio Algorit...

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2025 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting, USNC-URSI NRSM 2025

作者： Horton, Dustin Johnson, Joel T. Al-Khaldi, Mohammad Park, Jeonghwan Bindlish, Rajat Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ElectroScience Laboratory The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43212 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States Global Science & Technology Inc. GreenbeltMD20770 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781946815200

Surface soil moisture is a key variable in Earth's hydrological cycle that describes the exchange of moisture between land, air, and sea. Soil moisture plays an integral role in balancing the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and land surface (evapotranspiration), ecology, infiltration, and runoff. Soil moisture information also influences applications such as agriculture and food security by supporting of crop yield prediction, drought forecasting, and irrigation, water resource management and flood dynamics, and weather forecasting. © 2025 USNC-URSI.

关键词： Soil moisture

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Probing Rotational Decoherence with a Trapped-Ion Planar Rotor

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第3期134卷 033601-033601页

作者： Neil Glikin Benjamin A. Stickler Ryan Tollefsen Sara Mouradian Neha Yadav Erik Urban Klaus Hornberger Hartmut Häffner Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Institute for Complex Quantum Systems and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Present address: Exponent Inc. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Practice Warrenville Illinois USA. University of Duisburg-Essen Faculty of Physics Lotharstraße 1 47057 Duisburg Germany

The quantum rotor is one of the simplest model systems in quantum mechanics, but only in recent years has theoretical work revealed general fundamental scaling laws for its decoherence. For example, a superposition of orientations decoheres at a rate proportional to the sine squared of the angle between them. Here, we observe scaling laws for rotational decoherence dynamics for the first time, using a 4 μm diameter planar rotor composed of two Paul-trapped ions. We prepare the rotational motion of the ion crystal into superpositions of angular momentum with well-defined differences ranging from 1−3ℏ, and measure the rate of decoherence. We also tune the system-environment interaction strength by introducing resonant electric field noise. The observed scaling relationships for decoherence are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical work, and are directly relevant to the growing development of rotor-based quantum applications.

关键词： Trapped ions

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TTSlow: Slow Down Text-to-Speech With Efficiency Robustness Evaluations

IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing

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IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing 2025年 33卷 693-704页

作者： Xiaoxue Gao Yiming Chen Xianghu Yue Yu Tsao Nancy F. Chen Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City Taiwan

Text-to-speech (TTS) has been extensively studied for generating high-quality speech with textual inputs, playing a crucial role in various real-time applications. For real-world deployment, ensuring stable and timely generation in TTS models against minor input perturbations is of paramount importance. Therefore, evaluating the robustness of TTS models against such perturbations, commonly known as adversarial attacks, is highly desirable. In this paper, we propose TTSlow, a novel adversarial approach specifically tailored to slow down the speech generation process in TTS systems. To induce long TTS waiting time, we design novel efficiency-oriented adversarial loss to encourage endless generation process. TTSlow encompasses two attack strategies targeting both text inputs and speaker embedding. Specifically, we propose TTSlow-text, which utilizes a combination of homoglyphs-based and swap-based perturbations, along with TTSlow-spk, which employs a gradient optimization attack approach for speaker embedding. TTSlow serves as the first attack approach targeting a wide range of TTS models, including autoregressive and non-autoregressive TTS ones, thereby advancing exploration in audio security. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the inference efficiency of TTS models, and in-depth analysis of generated speech intelligibility is performed using Gemini. The results demonstrate that TTSlow can effectively slow down two TTS models across three publicly available datasets.

关键词： Perturbation methods Speech processing Robustness Computational modeling Security Optimization Text to speech Speech recognition Predictive models Real-time systems

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Technical and economic feasibility assessment for hybrid energy system electricity and hydrogen generation: A case study

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Global Energy Interconnection 2025年第1期8卷 62-81页

作者： Paul C.Okonkwo Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo El Manaa Barhoumi Ibrahim B.Mansir Usman Habu Taura Barun Kumar Das Ahmed Bahgat Radwan Wilfred Emori Ephraim Bonah Agyekum Khalid Al Kaaf Mechanical&Mechatronics Engineering Department Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman Department of Physics Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabar PMB 1115Nigeria Electrical&Computer Engineering Department Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman Department of Mechanical Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia Centre for Energy Research and Training Ahmadu Bello UniversityPMB 1045ZariaNigeria Oil&Gas Research Center Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123the Sultanate of Oman Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering&TechnologyRajshahi 6204Bangladesh Center for Advanced Materials Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar School of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000PR China Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia BorisEkaterinburg 620002Russia Western Caspian University Baku AZ1001Azerbaijan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman

Hydrogen is emerging as a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the transportation *** study evaluated the feasibility of estab-lishing hydrogen refueling stations in five cities in Oman,Duqm,Haima,Sur,Al Buraymi,and Salalah,using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables(HOMER)*** hybrid energy systems,photovoltaic-wind turbine-battery,photovoltaic-battery,and wind turbine-battery were analyzed for each *** indicated that Duqm offers the lowest net present cost(NPC),levelized cost of energy,and levelized cost of hydrogen,making it the most cost-effective ***,Sensitivity analysis showed that as the life of electrolyzer increases during operation,the initial capital expenditure is distributed over a longer operational period,leading to a reduction in the *** so,renewable energy systems produced no emissions which supports Oman’s mission *** comprehensive analysis confirms the feasibility of establishing a hydrogen refueling station in Duqm,Oman,and highlights advanced optimization techniques’superior capability in designing cost-effective,sustainable energy systems.

关键词： Cities Economic indicator Hydrogen production Optimization Solar

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