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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Sandesh Jain Surendrabikram Thapa Kuan-Ting Chen A. Lynn Abbott Abhijit Sarkar Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech USA Virginia Tech Transportation Institute USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350348811

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348828

This paper investigates the integration of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) with multi-sensor information, including visual and localization data from cameras and LiDAR data to a holistic understanding of traffic videos. Traffic scene understanding is a challenging problem. With complex interaction between the road actors, infrastructure, and traffic rules, it is often difficult to answer questions related to road safety, pedestrian safety, safe maneuvering characteristics, and human factors. Typical processes use a single task-oriented neural network model and combine them through semantic and symbolic reasoning. These processes often suffer from reasoning bias and incompleteness. In recent years, LVLMs have opened new avenues to perceive spatiotemporal information. These models can leverage the large knowledge base from the world and summarize spatiotemporal information effectively. The interactive nature of most of these systems allows humans to directly interact in a visual question-answering *** this paper, we have extensively tested the capabilities of such LVLMs to answer key transportation research questions from videos captured through front cameras. We have curated an extensive set of multiple-choice questions to evaluate the performance of these LVLMs. Our results show that LVLMs have abilities to understand various transportation-related aspects to a great extent. Furthermore, we have shown that the addition of supplementary modalities to the VQA settings helps improve the performance of LVLMs. With the addition of 3D trajectories of surrounding objects with the 2D video frames, we observed a significant increase in MCQ performance related to vehicle-to-vehicle interaction tasks. The resources for this paper can be found at https://***/sandeshrjain/lvlm-scene

关键词： Location awareness Visualization Laser radar Semantics Transportation Cameras Cognition

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Estimating ECG Intervals from Lead-I Alone: External Validation of Supervised Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Alam, Ridwan Stultz, Collin M. the Research Laboratory of Electronics the Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science the Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States

The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of a number of cardiovascular disorders rely on ECG interval measurements, including the PR, QRS, and QT intervals. These quantities are measured from the 12-lead ECG, either manually or using automated algorithms, which are readily available in clinical settings. A number of wearable devices, however, can acquire the lead-I ECG in an outpatient setting, thereby raising the potential for out-of-hospital monitoring for disorders that involve clinically significant changes in ECG intervals. In this work, we therefore developed a series of deep learning models for estimating the PR, QRS, and QT intervals using lead-I ECG. From a corpus of 4.2 million ECGs from patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital, we train and validate each of the models. At internal holdout validation, we achieve mean absolute errors (MAE) of 6.3 ms for QRS durations and 11.9 ms for QT intervals, and a MAE of 9.2 ms for estimating PR intervals. Moreover, as a well-defined P-wave does not always exist in ECG tracings – for example, when there is atrial fibrillation – we trained a model that can identify when there is a P-wave, and consequently, a measurable PR interval. We validate our models on three large external healthcare datasets without any finetuning or retraining - 3.2 million ECG from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 668 thousand from MIMIC-IV, and 20 thousand from PTB-XL - and achieve similar performance. Also, our models significantly outperform two publicly available baseline algorithms. This work demonstrates that ECG intervals can be tracked from only lead-I ECG using deep learning, and highlights the potential for out-of-hospital applications. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Shared Information Under Simple Markov Independencies

Shared Information Under Simple Markov Independencies

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： Madhura Pathegama Sagnik Bhattacharya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350382846

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382853

Shared information is a measure of mutual dependence among $m\geq 2$ jointly distributed discrete random variables. We show that the shared information of a Markov random field in which the underlying graph has at least one cut vertex, is the same as the minimum shared information of its blocks (also called biconnected components). This generalizes prior results on shared information of Markov random fields to a much wider class of nontree graphs.

关键词： Random variables Markov random fields Information theory

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Direct-write patterning on flexible substrates using scanning probe-based electrolithography technique

Direct-write patterning on flexible substrates using scannin...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Swapnendu Narayan Ghosh Santanu Talukder Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Bhopal Bhopal India

ISBN: (数字)9798350383263

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383270

Electric field induced liquefaction of chromium (Cr) thin films is at the heart of a scanning probe-based lithography technique, known as electrolithography (ELG). Very fine patterns, only a few nanometers wide, have been fabricated using the ELG technique. The formed liquefied material, on electrically stressed Cr films, is easily dissolvable in water and can thereby be removed quite easily, resulting in openings on the Cr layer. The said process is extremely aggressive, and a plethora of ambient, electrical and mechanical factors are known to help in tuning the said process. Though the ELG process involves patterning Cr thin films, a sandwiched polymer layer between the Cr film and the substrate can help easily transfer the pattern onto a material of choice. In this work, we demonstrate ELG’s capability in patterning Cr thin films deposited on a flexible substrate. The multiscale patterns formed after the lithography process involved circles with diameters ranging from a few tens on micrometers to almost a millimeter, encompassing the wide range of feature sizes used for developing electronic circuits on flexible substrates. Furthermore, the results presented in this study exemplify the diverse nature of devices which can be patterned and fabricated with the help of the ELG process.

关键词： Micrometers Millimeter wave devices Films Lithography Sensor systems Sensors Polymers

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Quantifier Elimination in Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability 25

Quantifier Elimination in Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability

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25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing, SAT 2022

作者： Wang, Hao-Ren Tu, Kuan-Hua Jiang, Jie-Hong Roland Scholl, Christoph Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science Universität Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783959772426

Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability (SSAT) generalizes quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) by allowing quantification over random variables. Its generality makes SSAT powerful to model decision or optimization problems under uncertainty. On the other hand, the generalization complicates the computation in its counting nature. In this work, we address the following two questions: 1) Is there an analogy of quantifier elimination in SSAT, similar to QBF? 2) If quantifier elimination is possible for SSAT, can it be effective for SSAT solving? We answer them affirmatively, and develop an SSAT decision procedure based on quantifier elimination. Experimental results demonstrate the unique benefits of the new method compared to the state-of-the-art solvers. © Hao-Ren Wang, Kuan-Hua Tu, Jie-Hong Roland Jiang, and Christoph Scholl.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Differentiated Congestion Management in Distribution Network Considering Price- and Incentive-Based Hybrid Demand Response 25

Differentiated Congestion Management in Distribution Network...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2024

作者： Shi, Tianying Hua, Haochen Su, Yuxin Sun, Yuhuan Xu, Yue Wang, Tonghe Naidoo, Pathmanathan Tavares, Maria Cristina College Of Energy And Electrical Engineerging Hohai University Nanjing China Business School Hohai University Nanjing China Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy Of Sciences Guangzhou China Science University Of Johannesburg Department Of Mechanical Engineering Johannesburg South Africa School Of Electrical And Computer Engineering University Of Campinas São Paulo Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340266

With the development of smart distribution networks, the penetration rate of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks is constantly increasing. However, network congestion such as line overloading and node voltage off-limit may occur when DERs operate in an uncoordinated way. To deal with the network congestion problem, this paper proposes a differentiated congestion management strategy, mainly guiding electric vehicles (EVs) and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) to participate in distribution network dispatching through different market-based methods. It should be noted that the proposed congestion management strategy combines the effect of incentive-based demand response (DR) and price-based DR. First, based on the characteristics of load electricity consumption, EVsand HVAC are considered as the main adjustable resources, and operation models for the two types of loads are established. Then, a distribution network congestion management model is established with the constraints for line transmission power and node voltage and the goal of minimizing users' expenses. Finally, the simulation analysis is conducted in the IEEE 33 bus system, using improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the congestion management problem. The results show that the proposed congestion management strategy can improve the efficiency of congestion management, ensuring that the line rate and node voltage are within the allowable safe range. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power distribution

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Photothermal Effects of Implanted Terahertz Biosensing Networks

Photothermal Effects of Implanted Terahertz Biosensing Netwo...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Samar Elmaadawy Josep Miquel Jornet Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things Northeastern University Boston MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350351255

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351262

Biosensors are shaping the future of healthcare through their vital role in disease detection, diagnostics, biomarker detection, and continuous health monitoring. In intra-body wireless nanosensor networks, biosensors are anticipated to incorporate antennas employing high frequencies, including the terahertz frequency band. Terahertz technology facilitates fast communication and the creation of compact designs. However, photothermal effects will be induced due to the absorption of the radiation by the tissue. In this paper, a photothermal model is developed on COMSOL Multiphysics ® to explore the impact of the implanted biosensor electromagnetic radiation on the skin. According to the model’s findings, the increase in the skin’s temperature is proportional to the increase in both the transmission power and the number of biosensors in the network. Furthermore, power fluctuations resulting from the presence of multiple biosensors are found to be separate and distinct from temperature variations in the tissue. This indicates that at certain points in the skin, the power level might be moderate, but the temperature is high. Such analysis is beneficial to better understand the photothermal effects of the terahertz radiation from implanted devices and to define safe deployment guidelines.

关键词： Wireless communication Biological system modeling Terahertz radiation Medical services Terahertz materials Photothermal effects Skin Biosensors Guidelines Terahertz communications

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Encryption in High Speed Underwater Communications: End-to-End Connectivity Challenges

Encryption in High Speed Underwater Communications: End-to-E...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Paradigm Shift in Information Technologies with Innovative Applications in Global Scenario, ICPSITIAGS 2023

作者： Allirani, P. Bewoor, Laxmi A. Yadav, Rakesh Kumar Zaidi, Taskeen Samrat, Bhavuk Jangid, Satish Kumar Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Department of Information Technology Chennai127 India Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Engineering Pune India Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology Maharishi University of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Karnataka Bangalore India Chitkara University Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Business and Technology Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab India Vivekananda Global University Department of Electrical Engineering Jaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329773

Encryption in high velocity underwater communications provides cease-to-cease connectivity challenges that rise up mainly from the particular bodily conditions of underwater systems. Those demanding situations include scalability troubles associated with excessive data price transmissions, low transmission power availability, the need for extra bandwidth at deeper depths, and the presence of time-varying oceanic noise. Additionally, protection considerations should additionally be taken under consideration, such as ensuring statistics confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity for underwater communication structures. In an effort to meet the desired security demands of these structures, cryptographic algorithms should be effectively tailored for underwater acoustic communications. This commonly requires an evaluation of machine parameters along with the propagation velocity of the acoustic indicators, the attenuation and noise levels, the most usable channel, verbal exchange distance, and the supply of synchronizing fingerprints and reference alerts. Additionally, studies ought to be completed to deal with the diverse protection threats associated with underwater communications and to expand suitable encryption schemes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cryptography

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Soft Computing Based Hybrid MPPT for Grid Connected Photovoltaic System 1

Soft Computing Based Hybrid MPPT for Grid Connected Photovol...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing, Communication and Control Technology, ICECCC 2024

作者： Rao, Thamatapu Eswara Naidu, Botta Ankamma Rao, J. Zelie, Getie Tesfaye Avinash, K. Srisuresh, M. Vignan's Institute of Information Technology Dep.of.EEE Visakhapatnam India Dep.of.EEE VIEW Visakhapatnam India Assosa University Electrical and Computer Engineering Assosa Ethiopia Anurag University Department of EEE Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371802

This study proposes a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system consisting of a direct current (DC) - direct current (DC) boost converter and voltage source inverter (VSI). Different maximum power extraction techniques was used to obtain the greatest possible power produced by a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The perturb and observe (P and O), BAT and a novel hybrid combination of BAT-PO chosen as the power tracking technique. The output voltage of the boost converter was regulated and synchronized with a 100 kW PV system to the grid. To increase the PV system's performance, a suitable duty ratio required for the boost converter was tuned effectively by implementing a novel hybrid MPPT technique, that is, BAT-PO algorithm. In addition, the current control technique is implemented in a voltage source inverter to minimize the grid current's harmonics. Maximum power, efficiency, and THD are the indicators used to assess the performance of MPPT algorithms. The proposed system was implemented and tested in MATLAB/Simulink using various MPPT techniques. Among the chosen MPPT algorithms, In terms of maximum power (93.9kW) and THD (0.32%), the BAT-PO hybrid MPPT algorithm performed significantly better than the competition. The major goals of this study are to maximize power and minimize THD. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Maximum power point trackers

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CONVERGENCE OF BACKPRIOPAG ATION WITH MOMENTUM FOR NETWORK A RCHITECTURES WITH SKIP CONNECTIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2021年第1期39卷 147-158页

作者： Chirag Agarwal Joe Klobusicky Dan Schonfeld Department of Electrical and Cormputer Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

We study a class of deep neural networks with architectures that form a directed acyclic graph(DAG).For backpropagation defined by gradient descent with adaptive momentum,we show weights converge for a large class of nonlinear activation functions.'The proof generalizes the results of Wu et al.(2008)who showed convergence for a feed-forward network with one hidden *** an example of the effectiveness of DAG architectures,we describe an example of compression through an AutoEncoder,and compare against sequential feed-forward networks under several metrics.

关键词： Backpropagation with momentum Autoencoders Directed acyclic graphs.

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