Minimally invasive surgeries result in less trauma, less bleeding and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgeries. Optical tracking systems are used to detect and localize surgical tools during the procedur...
Minimally invasive surgeries result in less trauma, less bleeding and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgeries. Optical tracking systems are used to detect and localize surgical tools during the procedure. Complications arise when there are adverse lighting conditions, or the tools are occluded by tissue, smoke, or blood spatters. To address this issue, a radar-based tracking solution was proposed motivated by its ability to detect objects through occlusions. In this paper, the efficacy of ultrawideband radar for tracking of an ablation catheter was investigated. Three experiments were conducted to test the localization and position tracking of the catheter tip and the detection of catheter pose. Results from the experiment show that a single sensor could localize and track the position of the catheter with 1cm of spatial accuracy, and an array of sensors could be implemented for pose detection. We also discuss the existing limitations of the proposed radar-based procedure.
This paper presents a 2-by-2 horn slot antenna array at X-band. Metamaterial concepts are applied to the antenna design using printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology as a magnetic ground for the antenna array, w...
This paper presents a 2-by-2 horn slot antenna array at X-band. Metamaterial concepts are applied to the antenna design using printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology as a magnetic ground for the antenna array, which is excited by a 1-to-4 power divider. Each of the array power-divider branches excites a slot, while maintaining the impedance bandwidth of the original unloaded power divider. Directive horn antennas are used to control sidelobe levels and increase the gain. Simulation results demonstrate an impedance bandwidth of 23% and a gain of 12.7 dBi at 10 GHz, which is a significant improvement compared to an impedance bandwidth of less than 14% and a gain of 9.7 dBi for the antenna array without the horns.
This paper studies forced oscillation frequency detection using real-world Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data. The accurate identification of forced oscillations can help operators prevent power system failures and ta...
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The current audio anti-spoofing systems usually have a computationally complex architecture without providing the fundamental discriminative factors for the detection judgments. The state-of-the-arts also highly depen...
The current audio anti-spoofing systems usually have a computationally complex architecture without providing the fundamental discriminative factors for the detection judgments. The state-of-the-arts also highly depend on voice information to develop detector systems, which may become vulnerable when the spoofing algorithms have further improved the quality of fake speech. Therefore, we conduct a series of experiments on different frequency sub-bands to investigate the underlying discriminative features. We find the lowest frequency sub-band in the range from 0 to 1600Hz contains the most critical features that distinguish between Deepfake and real speech. We also focus on forensic evidence and identify that the basis of detectors’ judgment exists in non-speech parts in audio samples. Based on the findings, our single detection system, with only 57K parameters and utilizing a one-tenth segment of the entire spectrogram as input, demonstrates its robustness by outperforming all official baselines of the ASVspoof2021 DF track. Our lightweight system can be easily applied in practical use cases, such as automated Deepfake screening or protecting voice-able devices.
This paper proposes a multi-scale control scheme aimed at controlling speed, dwell time, and charging time of electric and automated buses performing the transport service on lines where there are no reserved lanes. T...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350316339
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350316346
This paper proposes a multi-scale control scheme aimed at controlling speed, dwell time, and charging time of electric and automated buses performing the transport service on lines where there are no reserved lanes. The proposed control scheme has two layers characterized by different control objectives, level of detail and time scales. The high-level controller periodically solves a multi-objective optimal control problem formalized to ensure an adequate transport service, while the low-level controller, being based on a more accurate description of the bus dynamics and energy consumption, seeks to follow the high-level control actions while taking into account the effective traffic conditions encountered on the line and the effective dynamic behaviour of the bus. The paper concludes with the application to a case study in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
This paper studies a redundant transmission-based defense strategy against reverse attacks on remote state estimation. Firstly, a game-theoretic framework is developed, allowing both the adversary and defender to sele...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331540319
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331540326
This paper studies a redundant transmission-based defense strategy against reverse attacks on remote state estimation. Firstly, a game-theoretic framework is developed, allowing both the adversary and defender to select multiple channels for attacking and transmitting data. Secondly, within the proposed framework, a zero-sum game, a general-sum game, and a Bayesian game are formulated depending on the defender's knowledge of the attacker's cost. Finally, the Nash and Bayesian Nash equilibria of the three games are analyzed and computed to identify the optimal strategies for both the attacker and defender. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the proposed approach.
This study introduces a compact microstrip patch antenna design & simulation for dual-band operations in WiMAX ($2.5-2.63 \mathrm{GHz}$) and WLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz), including two UNII frequency bands: low (5.15-5.25...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331531782
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331507923
This study introduces a compact microstrip patch antenna design & simulation for dual-band operations in WiMAX ($2.5-2.63 \mathrm{GHz}$) and WLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz), including two UNII frequency bands: low (5.15-5.25 GHz) & mid (5.25-5.35 GHz). With dimensions of $15 \mathrm{~mm} \times 9 \mathrm{~mm} \times 7 \mathrm{~mm}$ and a ground plate size of $\mathbf{4 0 ~ m m ~ x ~} \mathbf{4 0 ~ m m}$, the design utilizes a foam substrate with a relative permittivity of approximately 1. By incorporating slots and a shorting wall, the design achieves effective miniaturization and multiband resonance frequencies. Simulation results show satisfactory parameters, including coverage with bandwidths of 130 MHz and 600 MHz, maximum gains of 1.9 dBi and 5.3 dBi, and VSWR values of 1.01 and 1.04 at 2.57 GHz and 5.13 GHz, respectively. The antenna exhibits radiation efficiencies of $49.44 \%$ at 2.5 GHz and $94.05 \%$ at 5.13 GHz, with effective impedance matching achieved without an external network. All analysis has been performed using the ZELAND IE3D tool.
A new gated ring oscillator time amplifier (GRO-TA) featuring a well-defined linear programmable gain, a virtually unlimited range of gain, the ability to amplify a sub-pico-second time input, fast amplification, low ...
A new gated ring oscillator time amplifier (GRO-TA) featuring a well-defined linear programmable gain, a virtually unlimited range of gain, the ability to amplify a sub-pico-second time input, fast amplification, low power consumption, and full compatibility with technology is proposed. The time amplifier is utilized in development of an all-digital time integrator. Both the time amplifier and time integrator are designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology and analyzed using Spectre with BSIM3 device models. Simulation results are presented.
This paper proposes an all-digital time integrator consisting of a 9-stage bi-directional gated ring oscillator (BD-GRO) and a 16-stage bi-directional shift-register (BDSR) up-down counter. The BDGRO performs time int...
This paper proposes an all-digital time integrator consisting of a 9-stage bi-directional gated ring oscillator (BD-GRO) and a 16-stage bi-directional shift-register (BDSR) up-down counter. The BDGRO performs time integration whereas the BDSR counter digitizes the result of time integration. The time integrator features a low resolution of the per-stage-delay of the BDGRO, low power consumption, inherent dynamic element matching, self-digitization, and full technology compatibility. The time integrator is designed in a TSMC 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology and analyzed using Spectre with BSIM3 device models. The performance of the time integrator is assessed using simulation results.
Central obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome, which may lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Its screening is critical in childhood to prevent such problems in adulthood. We presented a computer-a...
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