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Multilevel feedback queue: Efficient scheduling and implementation by using dynamic quantum

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2554卷

作者： Muhammad Kashif Rab Nawaz Riries Rulaningtyas Shuaib Iqbal Aisha Zulfiqar 1Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia 2Computer Engineering Department College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Rawalpindi Pakistan 3Computer Science Department Comsats University Islamabad Pakistan

A multitasking operating system allows many programs to run at the same time. We need to schedule our Central Processing Units (CPUs) efficiently to handle these services. CPU scheduling algorithms come in a score of forms and any strategy has advantages and disadvantages. We implemented a Multi-Level Feedback Queue (MLFQ) algorithm with static time quantum for the first queue, making an efficient scheduling algorithm of MLFQ dynamic time quantum used in the second queue. Other than that, we compared both results and observed which dynamic time quantum delivers the best result. In the first queue, we used the Round Robin (RR) algorithm with less quantum time for processes that have a short burst time. The process that had more burst time than the defined quantum in the first queue was allowed to move into the second queue. Here, we calculated the average burst time of all remaining processes and defined that burst time as a quantum for the second queue after the Shortest Job First (SJF) scheme was applied in this queue. As a result, 70% of the processes in the second queue was received CPU. Other processes moved into the lower queue (the last queue). Hence, this technique prevented the starvation problem for those processes which have large burst times.

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A review of mri and exercise treatment for improved concussion diagnosis and recovery

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Critical Reviews in biomedical engineering 2020年第5期48卷 261-283页

作者： Danielli, Ethan Dematteo, Carol Hall, Geoffrey B. Noseworthy, Michael D. McMaster School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Imaging Research Centre St. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonON Canada ARiEAL Research Centre McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Rehabilitation Sciences McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience & Behaviour McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Radiology McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Diagnostic Imaging St. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonON Canada

Concussions are a major health concern due to the unpredictable onset and resolution of debilitating post-concussion symptoms. This review discusses physiological, structural and functional brain changes post-concus-sion, novel non-invasive medical imaging techniques to improve diagnosis, and the role exercise could play in concussion recovery. After sustaining a concussion, about 50% of youth and 20% of adults have symptoms that last for more than a month. Understanding concussion severity has become consequential in recent years as professional sports leagues have acknowledged their harmful short-and long-term effects. Despite these effects, concussed children and adults continue to return to activity and sport prior to a full recovery. This premature return can be enabled because routine clinical medical imaging techniques are unable to detect post-concussion brain damage. However, there have been advances in MRI approaches that clearly indicate brain damage due to concussion. In terms of recovery, rest has been the long-standing prescribed concussion treatment;however, subsymptom exacerbating exercise has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment option. Novel controlled aerobic exercise interventions have improved concussion outcomes by reducing recovery time and symptom severity. © 2020 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Recovery

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A novel tri-bandpass filter side-coupled square ring based

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications 2020年第2期19卷 265-275页

作者： Duarte, José Garibaldi Da Silva Neto, Valdemir Praxedes Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering PPGEEC UFRN Natal RN Brazil Communication Engineering Department DCO UFRN Natal RN Brazil

This work presents the design of a tri-bandpass filter based on the side-coupled square ring structure. The modeling is conceived from the classic approach of coupled transmission lines. The geometry consists of a square structure of electrical length equal to twice the wavelength of the main operating frequency, and the laterally coupled lines through which the power supply occurs. Expressions for the admittance and transformation matrix were obtained based on the impedances and admittances that model the geometry. Analyzis were performed from EM simulations. A prototype was built to validate the modeling and adjusted for operation at 0.78, 1.5 and 2.30 GHz. All results are discussed and commented, and the comparisons between simulated and measured results are coherent and in agreement, thus proving the effectiveness of the applied method. © 2020 SBMO/SBMag.

关键词： Electric lines

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Promoting Human Intestinal Organoid Formation and Stimulation Using Piezoelectric Nanofiber Matrices

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Poling, Holly M. Singh, Akaljot Krutko, Maksym Reza, Abid A. Srivastava, Kalpana Wells, James M. Helmrath, Michael A. Esfandiari, Leyla Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue CincinnatiOH45229 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati 2901 Woodside Drive CincinnatiOH45221 United States Division of Pulmonary Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue CincinnatiOH45229 United States Department of Environmental and Health Sciences College of Medicine University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way CincinnatiOH45267 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science College of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Cincinnati 2901 Woodside Drive CincinnatiOH45221 United States University of Cincinnati Cancer Center 234 Goodman Street CincinnatiOH45219 United States

Human organoid model systems have changed the landscape of developmental biology and basic science. They serve as a great tool for human specific interrogation. In order to advance our organoid technology, we aimed to test the compatibility of a piezoelectric material with organoid generation, because it will create a new platform with the potential for sensing and actuating organoids in physiologically relevant ways. We differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into spheroids following the traditional human intestinal organoid (HIO) protocol atop a piezoelectric nanofiber scaffold. We observed that exposure to the biocompatible piezoelectric nanofibers promoted spheroid morphology three days sooner than with the conventional methodology. At day 28 of culture, HIOs grown on the scaffold appeared similar. Both groups were readily transplantable and developed well-organized laminated structures. Graft sizes between groups were similar. Upon characterizing the tissue further, we found no detrimental effects of the piezoelectric nanofibers on intestinal patterning or maturation. Furthermore, to test the practical feasibility of the material, HIOs were also matured on the nanofiber scaffolds and treated with ultrasound, which lead to increased cellular proliferation which is critical for organoid development and tissue maintenance. This study establishes a proof of concept for integrating piezoelectric materials as a customizable platform for on-demand electrical stimulation of cells using remote ultrasonic waveforms in regenerative medicine. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanofibers

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A 1.5-ns Switching Time, 9-Bit Current-Mode DAC for High Speed Laser Diode Drivers

A 1.5-ns Switching Time, 9-Bit Current-Mode DAC for High Spe...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： N. Lupo M. Bartolini P. Pulici M. Cattaneo M. Riccio M. Nessi E. Bonizzoni STMicroelectronics Cornaredo Italy Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728133201

ISBN: (纸本)9781728133218

Evolution in consumer electronics has brought the need for high-current laser diode drivers (LDDs) compatible with integrated systems on chip (SOCs). Traditional solutions device-based are migrating to integrated architectures granting easy digital control, compliance to the voltage rails and fast switching times. The introduction of the digital control directly implies the need of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) structures for the modulation of the laser current and the chosen solution has to match the analog performances required for the particular application. This paper presents a current-mode DAC architecture for LDDs together with a 9-bit implementation which targets a rise time of 1.5 ns for a zero-to-full-current (51 mA) switching condition. A 0.105-mm 2 prototype has been manufactured in a 130-nm BiCMOS technology, and the experimental measurements are reported.

关键词： Resistance Semiconductor lasers Diode lasers Resistors Digital control Linearity Optical switches

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Stiffness and ATP recovery of stored red blood cells in serum

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 135-143页

作者： Zhensong Xu Wenkun Dou Chen Wang Yu Sun Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoONCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

In transfusion medicine,there has been a decades-long debate about whether the age of stored red blood cells(RBCs)is a factor in transfusion *** clinical studies investigating whether older RBCs cause worse clinical outcomes have provided conflicting information:some have shown that older blood is less effective,while others have shown no such *** controversial results could have been biased by the vastly different conditions of the patients involved in the clinical studies;however,another source of inconsistency is a lack of understanding of how well and quickly stored RBCs can recover their key parameters,such as stiffness and ATP concentration,after *** this work,we quantitatively studied the stiffness and ATP recovery of stored RBCs in 37℃ human *** results showed that in 37℃ human serum,stored RBCs are able to recover their stiffness and ATP concentration to varying extents depending on how long they have been *** RBCs(1–3 weeks old)were found to have a significantly higher capacity for stiffness and ATP recovery in human serum than older RBCs(4–6 weeks old).For instance,for 1-week-old RBCs,although the shear modulus before recovery was 1.6 times that of fresh RBCs,97%of the cells recovered in human serum to have 1.1 times the shear modulus of fresh RBCs,and the ATP concentration of 1-week-old RBCs after recovery showed no difference from that of fresh ***,for 6-week-old RBCs,only~70%of the RBCs showed stiffness recovery in human serum;their shear modulus after recovery was still 2.1 times that of fresh RBCs;and their ATP concentration after recovery was 25%lower than that of fresh *** experiments also revealed that the processes of stiffness recovery and ATP recovery took place on the scale of tens of *** hope that this study will trigger the next steps of comprehensively characterizing the recovery behaviors of stored RBCs(e.g.,recovery of normal 2,3-DPG[2,3-Diphosphoglycerate]and SNO[S

关键词： transfusion modulus stiffness

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Self-supervised approach for facial movement based optical flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Alkaddour, Muhannad Tariq, Usman Dhall, Abhinav Graduate Program in Mechatronics Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Human Centred Computing Monash University Melbourne Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar India

Computing optical flow is a fundamental problem in computer vision. However, deep learning-based optical flow techniques do not perform well for non-rigid movements such as those found in faces, primarily due to lack of the training data representing the fine facial motion. We hypothesize that learning optical flow on face motion data will improve the quality of predicted flow on faces. The aim of this work is threefold: (1) exploring self-supervised techniques to generate optical flow ground truth for face images;(2) computing baseline results on the effects of using face data to train Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for predicting optical flow;and (3) using the learned optical flow in micro-expression recognition to demonstrate its effectiveness. We generate optical flow ground truth using facial key-points in the BP4D-Spontaneous dataset. The generated optical flow is used to train the FlowNetS architecture to test its performance on the generated dataset. The performance of FlowNetS trained on face images surpassed that of other optical flow CNN architectures, demonstrating its usefulness. Our optical flow features are further compared with other methods using the STSTNet micro-expression classifier, and the results indicate that the optical flow obtained using this work has promising applications in facial expression analysis. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Optical flows

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Compressed Sensing Structured Illumination Microscopy

Compressed Sensing Structured Illumination Microscopy

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Baturay Ozgurun Mujdat Cetin Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728119908

ISBN: (纸本)9781728119915

We propose a new framework for super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) based on compressed sensing (CS). Our framework addresses several key problems in SIM, including long readout time and photobleaching. CS has the potential to eliminate these problems because it allows the reduction of the number of measurements, can record an image faster, and excites fluorochromes with less excitation light. Key contribution of our proposed method is that sampling and down-modulation of an object scene are simultaneously performed. The impact of our contribution is demonstrated by simulation-based experiments involving computer-generated super-resolution microscopy images, considering reductions in both data quality and quantity.

关键词： Microscopy Lighting Spatial resolution Image reconstruction Cameras Compressed sensing

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Optimization of Spatial Resolution and Image Reconstruction Parameters for the Small-Animal MetisTM PET/CT System

Research Square

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Research Square 2022年

作者： Zhao, Jie Liu, Qiong Li, Chaofan Song, Yunfeng Zhang, Ying Jose, Mejia Chen, Jyh-Cheng School of Medical Imaging Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu221004 China School of Medical Information and Engineering Xuzhou Medical University Jiangsu221004 China Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsinchu30015 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez32310 Mexico

The aim of this study was to investigate the optimization of spatial resolution and image reconstruction parameters related to image quality in an iterative reconstruction algorithm for the small-animal MetisTM PET/CT system. We used a homemade Derenzo phantom to evaluate the image quality by visual assessment, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, coefficient of variation, and contrast-to-noise ratio of the 0.8 mm hot rods of 8 slices in the centre of the phantom PET images. A healthy mouse study was performed to analyze the influence of optimal reconstruction parameters and Gaussian post-filter FWHM. In the phantom study, the best image quality was obtained by placing the phantom at one end, keeping the central axis parallel to X-axis of the system, selecting iterations between 30 and 40, with a reconstruction voxel of 0.314 mm and a Gaussian post-filter FWHM of 1.57 mm. The optimization of spatial resolution can reach 0.6-mm. In the animal study, it was suitable to choose a voxel size of 0.472-mm, iterations between 30 and 40, and 2.36-mm Gaussian post-filter FWHM. Our results indicate that optimal imaging conditions and reconstruction parameters are necessary to obtain high-resolution images and quantitative accuracy, especially for the high-precision identification of tiny lesions. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Phantoms

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Maximizing Harvested Energy through Regenerative Braking Process in Dual-Motor All-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicles

Maximizing Harvested Energy through Regenerative Braking Pro...

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IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Shoeib Heydari Poria Fajri Mohammad Shadmand Reza Sabzehgar Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Department University of Nevada Reno NV USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department San Diego State University San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728146294

ISBN: (纸本)9781728146300

This paper introduces a braking strategy for a dual-motor All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Electric Vehicle (EV) that maximizes energy extraction during braking. The braking strategy is based on real-time sensing of each motor controller's DC link current to achieve optimum brake allocation between friction and regenerative braking in both axles. The recaptured energy via regenerative braking and the net energy consumption are calculated for a typical dual-motor AWD EV using a test bench simulation setup in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Based on the results, blending of regenerative and friction braking is carried out in each axle independently such that the overall harvested energy during braking is maximized. Furthermore, the results are compared to other configurations of single-motor drive EVs. The comparison shows that the recaptured energy through the regenerative braking process is significantly increased in dualmotor AWD EVs, which delineates their capability in improving energy harvesting during braking.

关键词： Axles Brakes Friction Torque Permanent magnet motors Synchronous motors DC motors

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