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arXiv 2022年

作者： Senyuk, Bohdan Mozaffari, Ali Crust, Kevin Zhang, Rui de Pablo, Juan J. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder CO United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder CO United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder CO United States

Emulsions comprising isotropic fluid drops within a nematic host are of interest for applications ranging from biodetection to smart windows, which rely on changes of molecular alignment structures around the drops in response to chemical, thermal, electric and other stimuli. We show that absorption or desorption of trace amounts of common surfactants can drive continuous transformations of elastic multipoles induced by the droplets within the uniformly aligned nematic host. Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of director structures emerge from a controlled self-assembly or desorption of different surfactants at the drop-nematic interfaces, with ensuing forward and reverse transformations between elastic dipoles, quadrupoles, octupoles and hexadecapoles. We characterize inter-transformations of droplet-induced surface and bulk defects, probe elastic pair interactions and discuss emergent prospects for fundamental science and applications of the reconfigurable nematic emulsions. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Surface active agents

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Rapid estimation of neuronal activation by transcranial magnetic stimulation using convolutional neural networks

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Brain Stimulation 2023年第1期16卷 217-217页

作者： Aberra, Aman Lopez, Adrian Grill, Warren Peterchev, Angel Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mathematics Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University USA Department of Neurobiology Duke University USA Department of Neurosurgery Duke University USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University USA

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Topological Metamaterials

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ni, Xiang Yves, Simon Krasnok, Alex Alu, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College The City University of New York 160 Convent Avenue New York10031 United States Physics Program The Graduate Center The City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York10016 United States

Unlike geometrical features, such as shape or volume, the topological properties of an object do not change continuously, but only due to abrupt transitions associated with a change in the integer quantities that describe these properties - known as topological invariants. In turn, this resilience of topological features is associated with intrinsic robustness. For example, the topological invariant known as the Chern number, associated with the quantization of the Hall conductance in a two-dimensional electron gas, supports disorder-immune electron transport at the surface of topological insulators (TIs). One of the most significant breakthroughs in physics of the last decade has been the discovery that materials with non-trivial topological properties for electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical responses can be designed and manufactured at our will through engineered metamaterials (MMs). Here, we review the foundation and the state-of-the-art advances of topological photonics, acoustics and mechanical MMs. We discuss how topological MMs enable nontrivial wave phenomena in physics, engineering, of great interest for a broad range of interdisciplinary science disciplines such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the foundations of topological materials and the main concepts behind their peculiar features, including the concepts of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of electronic band structures in natural topological materials, like topological insulators and gapless Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Based on these concepts, we review the concept, design and response of topologically nontrivial MMs in photonics and phononics, including topological phases in 2D MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet TIs based on spatial and temporal modulation, topological phases in 3D MMs, higher-order topological phases in MMs, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs and the topological features of scatteri

关键词： Metamaterials

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Computing Multiple Image Reconstructions with a Single Hypernetwork

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Alan Q. Dalca, Adrian V. Sabuncu, Mert R. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell Tech New YorkNY United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medical School New YorkNY United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital CambridgeMA United States

Deep learning based techniques achieve state-of-the-art results in a wide range of image reconstruction tasks like compressed sensing. These methods almost always have hyperparameters, such as the weight coefficients that balance the different terms in the optimized loss function. The typical approach is to train the model for a hyperparameter setting determined with some empirical or theoretical justification. Thus, at inference time, the model can only compute reconstructions corresponding to the pre-determined hyperparameter values. In this work, we present a hypernetwork-based approach, called HyperRecon, to train reconstruction models that are agnostic to hyperparameter settings. At inference time, HyperRecon can efficiently produce diverse reconstructions, which would each correspond to different hyperparameter values. In this framework, the user is empowered to select the most useful output(s) based on their own judgement. We demonstrate our method in compressed sensing, super-resolution and denoising tasks, using two large-scale and publicly-available MRI datasets. Our code is available at https://***/alanqrwang/hyperrecon. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Demonstration of biophoton-driven DNA replication via gold nanoparticle-distance modulated yield oscillation

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 40-45页

作者： Na Li Daoling Peng Xianjing Zhang Yousheng Shu Feng Zhang Lei Jiang Bo Song School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseStomatology HospitalDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Institute for Translational Brain ResearchMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceDepartment of NeurologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Biomedical Nanocenter School of Life SciencesInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Biologically,there exist two kinds of syntheses:photosynthesis and ATP-driven *** light harvesting of photosynthesis is known to achieve an efficiency of〜95%by the quantum energy transfer of ***,how the ATP-driven biosynthesis reaches its high efficiency still remains *** triphosphates(dNTPs)in polymerase chain reaction(PCR)adopt the identical way of ATP to release their energy,and thus can be employed to explore the ATP energy ***,using a gold nanoparticle(AuNP)enhanced PCR(AuNP-PCR),we demonstrate that the energy released by phosphoanhydride-bond(PB)hydrolysis of dNTPs is in form of photons(PB-photons)to drive DNA replication,by modulating their resonance with the average inter-AuNP distance(D).The experimental results show that both the efficiency and yield of PCR periodically oscillate with D increasing,indicating a quantized process,but not simply a thermal *** PB-photon wavelength is further determined to 8.4 *** these results support that the release,transfer and utilization of bioenergy are in the form of *** findings of ATP-energy quantum conversion will open a new avenue to the studies of high-efficiency bioenergy utilization,biochemistry,biological quantum physics,and even brain sciences.

关键词： intrinsic biophoton DNA replication polymerase chain reaction(PCR) gold nanoparticle high-efficiency energy utilization biological quantum physics

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Landau Polaritons in a Full-Dielectric Three-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Cavity

Landau Polaritons in a Full-Dielectric Three-Dimensional Pho...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Fuyang Tay Ali Mojibpour Shuang Liang Andrey Baydin Arash Ahmadivand Nicolas Marquez Peraca Hongjing Xu Geoff C. Gardner Michael J. Manfra David Hagenmüller Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas USA Microsoft Quantum Purdue Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA ISIS (UMR 7006) Université de Strasbourg and CNRS Strasbourg France Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University Houston Texas USA

We fabricated a full-dielectric three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavity containing an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas. By applying a strong perpendicular magnetic field, we created Landau polaritons ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Couplings HEMTs Laser modes Polaritons Magnetic fields Gas lasers MODFETs

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Predicting blood pressure without a cuff using a unique multi-modal wearable device and machine learning algorithm

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年第Pt B期192卷 110357-110357页

作者： Hsiao, Chin-To Hong, Sungcheol Branan, Kimberly L. McMurray, Justin Coté, Gerard L. Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems College StationTX77843 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Electrical and Electronic Convergence Department Hongik University Sejong Korea Republic of

Blood pressure is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet most adults do not monitor it frequently enough to prevent serious complications. This is in part because the traditional cuff-based method is inconvenient, uncomfortable, and does not allow for continuous monitoring. To address these constraints, we developed a unique multi-modal wearable device and used a random forest regression (RFR) algorithm that resulted in a model capable of accurate cuffless blood pressure prediction. This multi-modal device features two photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors and two bioimpedance (BioZ) sensors to measure pulse wave propagation along the radial artery on the wrist. The redundancy in the design enhances prediction accuracy. To validate the device, a novel human subject study protocol was also developed that allows an individual's blood pressure to rise safely and repeatably by more than 40 mmHg (systolic pressure) from baseline measurements. In this study, using multiple pulsatile waveforms from the PPG and BioZ sensors as inputs into the machine learning prediction algorithm, showed that the model had higher accuracy than models using a single sensor. Specifically, the training, validation, and leaving one subject out of data sets all showed mean absolute errors of less than 3.3 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPs). While results from this test were promising, a subject-wise evaluation showed variability depending on how well an individual's BP distribution matched the training set. These findings demonstrate the potential for a universal model for cuffless BP estimation, with further validation needed in more diverse populations. Thus, the accompaniment of the RFR model with the multi-modal wearable device offers the potential for robust and continuous blood pressure monitoring, providing a unique and practical solution for long-term cardiovascular health management. © 2025

关键词： Random forests

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Beyond Bounds on Light Scattering with Complex Frequency Excitations

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kim, Seunghwi Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States DTU Electro Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 343 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Light scattering is one of the most established wave phenomena in optics, lying at the heart of light-matter interactions and of crucial importance for nanophotonic applications. Passivity, causality and energy conservation imply strict bounds on the degree of control over scattering from small particles, with implications on the performance of many optical devices. Here, we demonstrate that these bounds can be surpassed by considering excitations at complex frequencies, yielding extreme scattering responses as tailored nanoparticles reach a quasi-steady-state regime. These mechanisms can be used to engineer light scattering of nanostructures beyond conventional limits for noninvasive sensing, imaging, and nanoscale light manipulation. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light scattering

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Early detection and classification of bacterial colonies using a Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT)-based image sensor and deep learning

Early detection and classification of bacterial colonies usi...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2022

作者： Li, Yuzhu Liu, Tairan Koydemir, Hatice Ceylan Wang, Hongda O'Riordan, Keelan Bai, Bijie Haga, Yuta Kobashi, Junji Tanaka, Hitoshi Tamaru, Takaya Yamaguchi, Kazunori Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los Angeles90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States System Development Department Research & Development Division Japan Display Inc. Kanagawa243-0432 Japan Device Development Department Research & Development Division Japan Display Inc. Chiba297-8622 Japan R&D Planning Department Research & Development Division Japan Display Inc. Tokyo105-0003 Japan Department of Surgery University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

We report a rapid, automated, portable and high-throughput bacterial colony detection and classification system using a thin-film-transistor array and deep learning, achieving >12 hours of time savings compared to ...

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

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Frequency Response Analysis of Actively Cooled Nylon Twisted Coiled Actuators for Use in Wrist Rehabilitation Devices

Frequency Response Analysis of Actively Cooled Nylon Twisted...

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： Brandon P.R. Edmonds Ana Luisa Trejos School of Biomedical Engineering Western University London Ontario Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Western University London Ontario Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728159072

ISBN: (纸本)9781728159089

Recovery from an upper limb musculoskeletal injury can take months or years, and often requires continuous visits to a therapist for specialized training and evaluation. Research has found that active assistance using mechatronic devices can significantly improve the quality and speed of recovery, especially when used for periods beyond a typical clinical appointment. However, current devices commonly use conventional actuation methods that are too heavy and rigid to be worn as a portable system outside of clinical settings. A recently discovered actuator made from twisting and coiling nylon thread (TCA) has the potential to improve wearable mechatronic designs due to its high power density, large strain, and inherent compliance. TCAs require heat to contract, which limits the actuation bandwidth due to the slow cooling rate, making it difficult to implement in wearable devices that must respond to voluntary motion. This study presents an active cooling method for TCAs to improve their frequency response and evaluates their feasibility in a wrist orthosis design based on real anatomical constraints. The frequency response was evaluated using a square wave input of varying frequency to provide actuation cycles of resistive heating and forced convective cooling, while measuring displacement at constant load. The results show that the TCA was able to respond to frequencies of up to 6.5 Hz, and also achieve full wrist range of motion at 0.55 Hz for loads equivalent to the weight of an average adult hand. This indicates that the proposed wrist orthosis could effectively assist the wrist throughout its entire range of motion and at the speeds required for voluntary motion using parallel TCAs.

关键词： Wrist Cooling Heating systems Force Bandwidth Strain Actuators

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