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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Ilaria Cristiani Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Here we present some early experimental studies on the propagation of optical pulses in fiber cavities that provided significant insights for the comprehension of the complex dynamics underlying dissipative soliton pr... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Amplified spontaneous emission Dissipative solitons Optical fibers Phase matching Phase noise Pulse propagation

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Multimodal tissue-mimicking breast phantoms for mm-wave and ultrasound imaging

Multimodal tissue-mimicking breast phantoms for mm-wave and ...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Alessia Cannatà Simona Di Meo Giulia Matrone Simone Morganti Marco Pasian Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Multimodal tissue-mimicking breast phantoms represent a useful instrument to validate the experimental imaging systems, as biological samples are not always available for the testing. In the context of cancer detection, multimodal imaging approaches are gaining increasing interest as they could provide complementary data about the investigated tissues. The aim of this work is to provide a brief review on the characterization of dielectric, mechanical and acoustic properties of breast phantoms and to prove that it is possible to design a tissue-mimicking material able to emulate different physical properties (i.e., real and imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity, Young’s modulus, ultrasound wave speed and attenuation) of the corresponding human tissues.

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Improving Training Efficiency of Diffusion Models via Multi-Stage Framework and Tailored Multi-Decoder Architecture

Improving Training Efficiency of Diffusion Models via Multi-...

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Huijie Zhang Yifu Lu Ismail Alkhouri Saiprasad Ravishankar Dogyoon Song Qing Qu Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan Department of Computational Mathematics Science & Engineering Michigan State University Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State University

ISBN: (数字)9798350353006

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013

Diffusion models, emerging as powerful deep generative tools, excel in various applications. They operate through a two-steps process: introducing noise into training samples and then employing a model to convert random noise into new samples (e.g., images). However, their remarkable generative performance is hindered by slow training and sampling. This is due to the necessity of tracking extensive forward and reverse diffusion trajectories, and employing a large model with numerous parameters across multiple timesteps (i.e., noise levels). To tackle these challenges, we present a multi-stage framework inspired by our empirical findings. These observations indicate the advantages of employing distinct parameters tailored to each timestep while retaining universal parameters shared across all time steps. Our approach involves segmenting the time interval into multiple stages where we employ custom multi-decoder U-net architecture that blends time-dependent models with a universally shared encoder. Our framework enables the efficient distribution of computational resources and mitigates inter-stage interference, which substantially improves training efficiency. Extensive numerical experiments affirm the effectiveness of our framework, showcasing significant training and sampling efficiency enhancements on three state-of-the-art diffusion models, including large-scale latent diffusion models. Furthermore, our ablation studies illustrate the impact of two important components in our framework: (i) a novel timestep clustering algorithm for stage division, and (ii) an innovative multi-decoder U-net architecture, seamlessly integrating universal and customized hyperparameters.

关键词： Training computer vision Noise computer architecture Interference Diffusion models Trajectory

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Microwave Sensors: Novel Techniques, Topologies, and Manufacturing Technologies

Microwave Sensors: Novel Techniques, Topologies, and Manufac...

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International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service (TELSIKS)

作者： Nicolò Delmonte Lorenzo Silvestri Mehdi Alipour Masoumabad Luca Perregrini Maurizio Bozzi Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

This paper presents an overview of the recent advances we made in the field of microwave sensors. Sensors for different physical quantities are presented, ranging from structures for the retrieval of the electric and magnetic characteristics of materials, to devices for the determination of position and angular rotation. These sensors are based on various fabrication technologies, including planar structures, additive manufacturing, and hybrid solutions, which take advantage of the best features of different technologies.

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Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom

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European Radiology Experimental 2024年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jui Tsai, Tung-Sheng Li, Ya-Hui Peng, Jo-Hua Chang, Hing-Chiu Peng, Hsu-Hsia Lee, Ying-Chieh Lee, Tung-Yang Liou, Chang-Hsien Lin, Tz-Feng Chew, Fatt-Yang Chou, Ruey-Hwang Juan, Chun-Jung Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Hsinchu County Zhubei City 302 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Background: A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs. Methods: A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC. Results: The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R² = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs. Conclusions: A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC. Relevance statement: The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements. Key points: • A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed. • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values

关键词： Adipose tissue Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging Phantoms (imaging) Quality assurance (healthcare) Quality control

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Diagnosing epilepsy using entropy measures and embedding parameters of EEG signals

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Valipour, Fatemeh Valipour, Zahra Garousi, Mani Khadem, Ali Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects normal neural activity. These electrical activities can be recorded as signals containing information about the brain known as Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Analysis of the EEG signals by individuals for epilepsy diagnosis is subjective and time-consuming. So, an automatic classification system with high detection accuracy is required to overcome possible errors. In this study, the discrete wavelet transform has been applied to EEG signals. Then, entropy measures and embedding parameters have been extracted. These features have been investigated individually to find the most discriminating ones. The significance level of each feature was evaluated by statistical analysis. Consequently, LDA and SVM algorithms have been employed to categorize the EEG signals. The results have indicated that the features of Embedding parameters, PermutationEntropy, FuzzyEntropy, SampleEntropy, NormEntropy, SureEntropy, LogEntropy, and ThresholdEntropy have the potential to discriminate epileptic patients from healthy subjects significantly. Also, SVM classifier has achieved the highest classification accuracy. In this study, we could find effective embedding-based and entropy-based features as appropriate single measures for identifying abnormal activities that can efficiently discriminate the EEG signals of epileptics from healthy individuals. According to the results, they can be used for automatic classification of epileptic EEG signals that are difficult to examine visually. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Lecture Hall Monitoring System using Access Control Mechanism at the University of Ghana

Lecture Hall Monitoring System using Access Control Mechanis...

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International Conference on Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST)

作者： Aboagye Isaac Adjaye Napari Abdul-Kadir Norman Kelly Amui Michael Sowah Nii Longdon Okae Percy Abubakari Alidu Kwabena Kan-Dapaah Department of Computer Engineering University of Ghana Ghana Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Academic City University College Ghana Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Ghana Ghana

ISBN: (数字)9798350385403

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385410

In an era where technology is evolving rapidly, there is a need to efficiently secure access control systems within educational institutions and office environments. Access control systems are crucial in ensuring the security and legal access to physical and digital resources. In this research, a system was designed and implemented to monitor the lecture hall and office environment within the School of engineering Sciences, University of Ghana. The system integrated multiple layers of access controls, including biometric fingerprint recognition, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card authentication, and personal identification number (PIN). A database was generated to identify people who use the facilities. This provided a robust and user-friendly hybrid system. The system leverages modern database technologies to record and manage access, enabling real-time monitoring of lecture halls and office spaces. Moreover, it offers a user-friendly interface for administrators, lecturers, lab attendants, and other users. The database generated could also be used to check class attendance. The results demonstrate significant improvements in security, attendance tracking, and overall access management efficiency in the School of engineering Sciences.

关键词： Access control Databases Law Authentication Fingerprint recognition Real-time systems Pins biomedical monitoring Monitoring Radiofrequency identification

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An Interferer-Tolerant RX with Translational Positive Feedback for 5G NR Applications Achieving 3.4 dB NF and 18 dBm OOB IIP3

An Interferer-Tolerant RX with Translational Positive Feedba...

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European Conference on Solid-State Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： Simone Lecchi Danilo Manstretta Rinaldo Castello Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

A direct conversion receiver front-end with frequency-translated positive feedback is presented in this paper. The forward path includes a low-noise transconductance amplifier, four-phase passive mixers and 3-rd order filtering transimpedance amplifiers. A tunable RC feedback path is attached at the baseband output, followed by an additional fourphase passive up-conversion mixers, allowing tunable, frequencyselective input matching. An on-chip frequency divider provides quadrature LO waveforms with a 25% duty cycle and no overlap. The receiver is fabricated in 28 nm CMOS technology and operates between 2 and 2.8 GHz, has an RF bandwidth of 28 MHz, more than 40 dB gain, and a Noise Figure of 3 to 3.4 dB. Out-of-band IIP3 and 1-dB blocker compression are 18 dBm and -2dBm respectively. The receiver core consumes 37mW.

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A Case Study of Rice Paddy Field Detection Using Sentinel-1 Time Series in Northern Italy 7th

A Case Study of Rice Paddy Field Detection Using Sentinel-1 ...

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7th International Conference on computer Vision and Image Processing, CVIP 2022

作者： Dell’Acqua, Fabio Marzi, David Department of Electrical Computer Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031314063

Whereas a vast literature exists reporting on mapping of rice paddy fields in Asia based on spaceborne data, especially from radar sen¬sors, comparatively little has been done so far on the European context, where production is much smaller in absolute terms. From a scientific standpoint, it would be interesting to characterize rice paddy fields in terms of typical annual trend of radar response in a context where seasons follow different patterns with respect to the Asian one. In this manuscript we report a case study on a designated set of rice paddy fields in north-ern Italy, where the largest fraction of European rice paddy fields are located. Building on previous work, more in-depth analysis of the time trends of radar response is carried out, and some preliminary conclusions on features usable in mapping are presented. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Mapping

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High-fidelity super-resolution imaging with deconvolution by pixel reassignment (DPR)

High-fidelity super-resolution imaging with deconvolution by...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Bingying Zhao Jerome Mertz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University MA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University MA

We demonstrated a novel super-resolution analytical approach, deconvolution by pixel reassignment (DPR), which can enhance the spatial resolution in fluorescence microscopy beyond the diffraction limit with high fidel... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Deconvolution Diffraction limit Fluorescence microscopy Image reconstruction Spatial resolution Superresolution

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