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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第6期6卷 1561-1574页

作者： Baig, Mirza Athar Iqbal, Asif Aman, Muhammad Naveed Sikdar, Biplab University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Computing LincolnNE68588 United States National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore

The constrained design, remote deployment, and sensitive data generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices make them susceptible to various cyberattacks. One such attack is profiling IoT devices by tracking their packet transmissions. While existing methods mitigate these attacks using pseudonymous identities, we propose a novel attack strategy that exploits the physical layer characteristics of IoT devices. Specifically, we demonstrate how an attacker can leverage features extracted from device transmissions to identify packets originating from the same device. Once identified, the attacker can isolate the device's signals and potentially determine its physical location. This attack exploits the fact that microcontroller clock variations exist across devices, even within the same model line. By extracting transmission features and training Machine Learning (ML) models, we accurately identify the originating device of the packets. This study reveals inherent privacy vulnerabilities in IoT systems due to hardware imperfections that are beyond user control. These limitations have profound implications for the design of security frameworks in emerging ubiquitous sensing environments. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed attack achieves 99% accuracy in real-world settings and can bypass privacy measures implemented at higher protocol layers. This work highlights the urgent need for privacy protection strategies across multiple layers of the IoT protocol stack. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Generative AI based Secure Wireless Sensing for ISAC Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 5195-5210页

作者： Wang, Jiacheng Du, Hongyang Liu, Yinqiu Sun, Geng Niyato, Dusit Mao, Shiwen Kim, Dong In Shen, Xuemin Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong Jilin University College of Computer Science and Technology 130012 China Auburn University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn United States Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon16419 Korea Republic of University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is one of the crucial technologies for 6G, and channel state information (CSI) based sensing serves as an essential part of ISAC. However, current research on ISAC focuses mainly on improving sensing performance, overlooking security issues, particularly the unauthorized sensing of users. Hence, this paper proposes a diffusion model based secure sensing system (DFSS). Specifically, we first propose a discrete conditional diffusion model to generate graphs with nodes and edges, which guides the ISAC system to appropriately activate wireless links and nodes, ensuring the sensing performance while minimizing the operation cost. Using the activated links and nodes, DFSS then employs the continuous conditional diffusion model to generate safeguarding signals, which are next modulated onto the pilot at the transmitter to mask fluctuations caused by user activities. As such, only authorized ISAC devices with the safeguarding signals can extract the true CSI for sensing, while unauthorized devices are unable to perform the effective sensing. Experiment results demonstrate that DFSS can reduce the activity recognition accuracy of the unauthorized devices by approximately 70%, effectively shield the user from the illegitimate surveillance. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Sensors Wireless communication Diffusion models Wireless sensor networks Communication system security Performance evaluation Security Integrated sensing and communication Fluctuations Accuracy

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Optimized Consensus for Blockchain in Internet of Things Networks via Reinforcement Learning

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第6期28卷 1009-1022页

作者： Yifei Zou Zongjing Jin Yanwei Zheng Dongxiao Yu Tian Lan Institute of Intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Most blockchain systems currently adopt resource-consuming protocols to achieve consensus between miners;for example,the Proof-of-Work(PoW)and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant(PBFT)schemes,which have a high consumption of computing/communication resources and usually require reliable communications with bounded ***,these protocols may be unsuitable for Internet of Things(IoT)networks because the IoT devices are usually lightweight,battery-operated,and deployed in an unreliable wireless ***,this paper studies an efficient consensus protocol for blockchain in IoT networks via reinforcement ***,the consensus protocol in this work is designed on the basis of the Proof-of-Communication(PoC)scheme directly in a single-hop wireless network with unreliable communications.A distributed MultiAgent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency and fairness of consensus for miners in the blockchain *** this algorithm,each agent uses a matrix to depict the efficiency and fairness of the recent consensus and tunes its actions and rewards carefully in an actor-critic framework to seek effective *** results from the simulation show that the fairness of consensus in the proposed algorithm is guaranteed,and the efficiency nearly reaches a centralized optimal solution.

关键词： consensus in blockchain Proof-of-Communication(PoC) MultiAgent Reinforcement Learning(MARL) Internet of Things(IoT)networks

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Force Sensitive Resistors-Based Real-Time Posture Detection System Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1795-1814页

作者： Arsal Javaid Areeb Abbas Jehangir Arshad Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani Sohaib Tahir Chauhdary Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery Abdulbasid S.Banga Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar UniversitySalalah211Oman

To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this *** addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine *** novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on ***,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted *** proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in *** results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing *** proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.

关键词： Posture detection FSR sensor machine learning real-time KNN

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Comprehensive analysis of BLDC motor faults in electric vehicle transportation

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International Journal of Power Electronics 2023年第1期18卷 40-64页

作者： Usman, Adil Rajpurohit, Bharat Singh School of Computing and Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology HP Mandi India Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Santa CruzCA United States

The faults prospective are higher for any BLDC motor, driven under a constant and continuous operating period. The possibility of getting susceptible to winding short-circuit faults and rotor demagnetisation effects, is more frequently discerned. The winding insulation breakdown introduces stator inter-turn fault (SITF) conditions in the machine which has consequent detrimental impact on the rotor permanent magnets (PMs). The cumulative effect of fault stimulates rotor demagnetisation, intensifying the effect of faults. This paper aims in classifying the motor faults employed in electric vehicle (EV) transportation. Depending upon the machine’s characteristic performance in terms of electrical signatures like, motor current signature (MCS) and back-EMF (BEMF), and mechanical signatures like frequency and vibration spectrum;a unique classification to fault is provided. The proposed research models investigate the performance of a machine drive under both individual and combined fault conditions, to give a significant outcome to the research findings. The closed loop motor drive operation is performed using an advanced field remodelling (AFR)-based technique which employs fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The developed drive-controller-system minimises the steady state error under motor operating conditions and has a clear discrepancy in terms of machine quantities during faults. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Design of an Optical Wireless Communication Link Using Mid Wave Infrared Laser Source & Comparison with Short Wave Infrared Laser Sources in Different Atmospheric Anomalies: An Analytical Study

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Nonlinear Optics Quantum Optics 2024年第1-2期60卷 85-111页

作者： Mukherjee, Shibabrata Paul, Sujoy Mazumdar, Saswati Electrical Engineering Department Jadavpur University West Bengal Kolkata700032 India Centre for Distributed Computing Computer Science Engineering Department Jadavpur University West Bengal Kolkata700032 India

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC), sometimes referred to as Free Space Optics (FSO), is the backbone of leading-edge communication systems that offer high performance and fast speed. The main pitfall of this system is that the optical signal is hindered by the different atmospheric anomalies. As a result, the system performance has been distorted and degraded. Among the different atmospheric anomalies like fog, rain, snow, etc., fog is the main enemy of this system. Using the properly chosen optics at the transmitter and receiver sides and wavelength, the system performance may be increased in diverse weather conditions. In this article, four wavelengths like two Mid Wave Infrared (MWIR) (3400 nm, 4100 nm) and two Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) (1550 nm & 2000 nm), 27 dBm optical peak power, the OOK modulation technique, 10 MHz modulation bandwidth, 10-7 BER, 2 km optical wireless link distance have been considered. From the theoretical simulation results, it has been initiated that MWIR optical sources (like 4100 nm and 3400 nm) contribute 72.22 dB, and 71.27 dB link margin at adverse atmospheric anomalies respectively, whereas SWIR Optical sources like 1550 nm & 2000 nm furnish 67.70 dB, 68.50 dB link margin respectively for 2 km link distance. The 4100 nm wavelength Laser source performs better in different atmospheric anomalies and provides a better pointing error angle in clear, as well as adverse weather conditions, compared to other wavelengths. © 2024 Old City Publishing, Inc.

关键词： Space optics

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New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2749-2767页

作者： Shimaa M.Amer Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Amr H.Hussein Salman A.Alqahtani Mostafa H.Dahshan Hossam M.Kassem Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKafr ElsheikhEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHorus University EgyptNew DamiettaEgypt Department of Computer Engineering College of computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW2795Australia

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to ***,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar *** study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction *** techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,*** convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element *** M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,*** the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher *** the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the ***,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the ***,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is *** this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation *** provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

关键词： Array synthesis convolution process genetic algorithm(GA) half power beamwidth(HPBW) linear antenna array(LAA) side lobe level(SLL) quality of service(QOS)

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An Intelligent Fingerprinting Technique for Low-Power Embedded IoT Devices

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4519-4534页

作者： Kohli, Varun Aman, Muhammad Naveed Sikdar, Biplab National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117417 Singapore University of Nebraska-Lincoln School of Computing LincolnNE68588 United States

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a popular topic for research and development in the past decade. The resource-constrained and wireless nature of IoT devices presents a large surface of vulnerabilities, and traditional network security methods involving complex cryptography are not feasible. Studies show that Denial of Service (DoS), physical intrusion, spoofing, and node forgery are prevalent threats in the IoT, and there is a need for robust, lightweight device fingerprinting schemes. We identify eight criteria of effective fingerprinting methods for resource-constrained IoT devices and propose an intelligent, lightweight, whitelist-based fingerprinting method that satisfies these properties. The proposed method uses the power-up Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) stack as fingerprint features and autoencoder networks (AEN) for fingerprint registration and verification. We also present a threat mitigation framework based on network isolation levels to handle potential and identified threats. Experiments are conducted with a heterogeneous pool of 10 advanced virtual reduced instruction set computer (AVR) Harvard architecture prover devices from different vendors, and Dell Latitude and Dell XPS 13 laptops are used as verifier testbeds. The proposed method has a 99.9% accuracy, 100% precision, and 99.6% recall on known and unknown heterogeneous devices, which is an improvement over several past works. The independence of fingerprints stored in the AENs enables easy distribution and update, and the observed evaluation latency (∼10-4s) and data collection latency (∼1 s) make our method practical for real-world scenarios. Lastly, we analyze the proposed method with regard to the eight criteria and highlight its limitations for future improvement. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Grid-Forming PV System for Frequency Ancillary Services Provision 3

Grid-Forming PV System for Frequency Ancillary Services Prov...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Barac, Bojana Capuder, Tomislav Panteli, Mathaios University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Energy and Power Systems Croatia University of Cyprus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

With the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems posing challenges to power system stability, this paper investigates the effectiveness of grid-forming controlled PV systems in providing frequency ancillary services. The study implements the Virtual Synchronous Machine strategy, utilizing DC-link capacitor energy for inertial response provision (DCVQVSM), integrated within a grid-forming topology. To ensure power-frequency droop control, an additional control loop is introduced within the DCVQ-VSM topology. The efficacy of this control system is proved through simulations conducted on a simple two-bus system and a fully-electrified active distribution network (ADN). Both case studies demonstrate the successful operation of grid-forming controlled PV systems, highlighting their capability to influence power system frequency dynamics. The analysis underscores the significance of deloading PV operation in facilitating flexibility services provision, thereby enhancing the reliability and resilience of system operation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous machinery

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AI-Assisted Model to Classify Prostate Cancer Diagnosis for Early Intervention 15

AI-Assisted Model to Classify Prostate Cancer Diagnosis for ...

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15th International Conference on computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Alabri, Yahya Khalid Dhanalakshmi, V. Bino, Dhivya Middle East College Muscat Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering Oman Sultan Qaboos University Muscat College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oman

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer that men suffer from. It can usually be without any symptoms, which puts men's lives in danger. There are different tests such as Screening, Prostate Specific Antigen (PAS), and MRI which the doctor can do to make sure the person has prostate cancer. Our aim for this project is to develop a model that helps doctors discover cancer in the early stages which helps the doctors to discover cancer without waiting for the long process which currently done. We use a dataset that contains 10 values related to the prostate. We implement the dataset with the different algorithms after we preprocess the dataset. The Naïve Bayes algorithm gives the highest accuracy which reaches 88%. In addition, we notice that some factors such as perimeter, area, and compactness are key factors in determining malignant cells. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Urology

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