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arXiv 2019年

作者： Xu, Su-Yang Ma, Qiong Gao, Yang Kogar, Anshul Zong, Alfred Mier Valdivia, Andrés M. Dinh, Thao H. Huang, Shin-Ming Singh, Bahadur Hsu, Chuang-Han Chang, Tay-Rong Ruff, Jacob P.C. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Lin, Hsin Karapetrov, Goran Xiao, Di Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo Gedik, Nuh Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan SZU-NUS Collaborative Center International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University ShenZhen518060 China Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117683 Singapore Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan CHESS Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States National Institute for Materials Science Namiki 1 -1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305 -0044 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University 3141 Chestnut St. PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

The observation of chirality is ubiquitous in nature. Contrary to intuition, the population of opposite chiralities is surprisingly asymmetric at fundamental levels [1, 2]. Examples range from parity violation in the subatomic weak force [1] to the homochirality in essential biomolecules [2]. The ability to achieve chirality-selective synthesis (chiral induction) is of great importance in stereochemistry, molecular biology and pharmacology [2]. In condensed matter physics, a crystalline electronic system is geometrically chiral when it lacks any mirror plane, space inversion center or roto-inversion axis [3]. Typically, the geometrical chirality is predefined by a material’s chiral lattice structure, which is fixed upon the formation of the crystal. By contrast, a particularly unconventional scenario is the gyrotropic order [4–8], where chirality spontaneously emerges across a phase transition as the electron system breaks the relevant symmetries of an originally achiral lattice. Such a gyrotropic order, proposed as the quantum analogue of the cholesteric liquid crystals, has attracted significant interest [4–17]. However, to date, a clear observation and manipulation of the gyrotropic order remain challenging. We report the realization of optical chiral induction and the observation of a gyrotropically ordered phase in the transition-metal dichalcogenide semimetal 1T-TiSe2. We show that shining mid-infrared circularly polarized light near the critical temperature leads to the preferential formation of one chiral domain. As a result, we are able to observe an out-of-plane circular photogalvanic current, whose direction depends on the optical induction. Our study provides compelling evidence for the spontaneous emergence of chirality in the correlated semimetal TiSe2 [18]. Such chiral induction provides a new way of optical control over novel orders in quantum materials. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular biology

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P2P over MANET: A review and its conceptual framework 5

P2P over MANET: A review and its conceptual framework

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5th International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid computing, PDGC 2018

作者： Muchtar, Farkhana Singh, Pradeep Kumar Zawani Ahmmad, Siti Nor Ambar, Radzi Hanafi, Hafizul Fahri Fadilah, Suzi Iryanti Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor81310 Malaysia Department of CSE IT JayPee University of IT Waknaghat SolanHimachal Pradesh17334 India Instrumentation Control Engineering Universiti Kuala Lumpur MITEC Bandar Seri Alam Johor81750 Malaysia Faculty of Electronic Electrical Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Batu Pahat86400 Malaysia Faculty of Art Computing and Creative Industry Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Tanjung Malim Perak35900 Malaysia School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Pulau Pinang11800 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538660263

Lately, Peer to Peer (P2P) over Mobile Ad hoc Network have become a hot topics. Thus, the main motivation of this paper is to review various techniques that have been used in previously reported research of Peer to Peer (P2P) over Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). From the said document, it is identified that all previously techniques used in P2P over MANET have one similarity;namely maintaining the use of TCP/IP stack as network solution, in which the source for high energy resources for their proposed solution. Hence, this paper proposed a new solution beyond the TCP/IP stack paradigms in order to improve energy efficiency in P2P over MANET, whereby through the use of Content Centric Networking (CCN). In detail, this paper has included conceptual framework of our suggested solution. It is hoped that this paper achieves its two objectives: (i) to present a literature review on the topic of P2P over MANET, and (ii) to provide conceptual framework of our suggested solution. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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Information geometry of orthogonal initializations and training

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Sokól, Piotr Aleksander Park, Il Memming Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Departments of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Electrical and Computer Engineering Institutes for Advanced Computing Science and AI-driven Discovery and Innovation Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11733

Recently mean field theory has been successfully used to analyze properties of wide, random neural networks. It gave rise to a prescriptive theory for initializing feed-forward neural networks with orthogonal weights, which ensures that both the forward propagated activations and the backpropagated gradients are near `2 isometries and as a consequence training is orders of magnitude faster. Despite strong empirical performance, the mechanisms by which critical initializations confer an advantage in the optimization of deep neural networks are poorly understood. Here we show a novel connection between the maximum curvature of the optimization landscape (gradient smoothness) as measured by the Fisher information matrix (FIM) and the spectral radius of the input-output Jacobian, which partially explains why more isometric networks can train much faster. Furthermore, given that orthogonal weights are necessary to ensure that gradient norms are approximately preserved at initialization, we experimentally investigate the benefits of maintaining orthogonality throughout training, from which we conclude that manifold optimization of weights performs well regardless of the smoothness of the gradients. Moreover, motivated by experimental results we show that a low condition number of the FIM is not predictive of faster learning. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fisher information matrix

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Dynamic partitioning to mitigate stuck-at faults in emerging memories 36

Dynamic partitioning to mitigate stuck-at faults in emerging...

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36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2017

作者： Zhang, Jiangwei Kline, Donald Fang, Liang Melhem, Rami Jones, Alex K. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781538630938

Emerging non-volatile memories have many advantages over conventional memory. Unfortunately, many are susceptible to write endurance challenges, resulting in stuck-at faults. Existing mitigation methods statically partition and invert data within a block containing such faults (partition-and-flip) to ensure data is written to match stuck-at cells such that they may remain in service. Unfortunately, these schemes have limited fault tolerance capabilities and require the assumption that their auxiliary bits are fault free. We propose a dynamic partitioning scheme that improves the number of tolerated stuck-at faults and simultaneously protects auxiliary bits. Dynamic partitioning can significantly improve the fault tolerance over existing static partitioning approaches with an equal number of auxiliary bits. Moreover, it can often still improve fault tolerance while reducing the number of auxiliary bits. Compared to flip-N-write and Aegis, a leading mitigation scheme, dynamic partitioning can achieve 7-72% and 5-53 x lower write error rates, respectively, for the same capacity overhead with a stuck-at-fault rate of 10-3. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Yoda: Judge me by my size, do you? 35

Yoda: Judge me by my size, do you?

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35th IEEE International Conference on computer Design, ICCD 2017

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622544

Phase change memory is a promising alternative to conventional memories such as DRAM due to its density and non-volatility. Unfortunately, reliability is still a challenge as limited write endurance, exacerbated by process variation, leads to increasing numbers of stuck-at faults over the memory's lifetime. Error-correcting Pointers (ECP) is a popular proposal to mitigate stuck-at faults by recording the addresses and the values of faulty bits in order to extend the memory lifetime. In this paper, we propose Yoda, a method to extend ECP with one or a small number of additional encoding bits in order to dramatically improve the effectiveness and guaranteed fault correction capability of ECP. Our simulation results demonstrate that Yoda has a 3.0x improvement in fault coverage compared to a fault-aware ECP with a similar overhead, while also providing a 2.5-3.0x improvement over state-of-the-art schemes with comparable complexity. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Phase change memory

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Plasmonic antenna coupling to hyperbolic phonon-polaritons for sensitive and fast mid-infrared photodetection with graphene

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Castilla, Sebastián Vangelidis, Ioannis Pusapati, Varun-Varma Goldstein, Jordan Autore, Marta Slipchenko, Tetiana Rajendran, Khannan Kim, Seyoon Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Martín-Moreno, Luis Englund, Dirk Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan Hillenbrand, Rainer Lidorikis, Elefterios Koppens, Frank H.L. ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology CastelldefelsBarcelona08860 Spain Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ioannina Ioannina45110 Greece Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States CIC nanoGUNE E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza50009 Spain Advanced Materials Laboratory National Institute for Material Science Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48013 Spain Institute of Materials Science and Computing Ioannina45110 Greece ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona08010 Spain

Integrating and manipulating the nano-optoelectronic properties of Van der Waals heterostructures can enable unprecedented platforms for photodetection and sensing. The main challenge of infrared photodetectors is to funnel the light into a small nanoscale active area and efficiently convert it into an electrical signal. Here, we overcome all of those challenges in one device, by efficient coupling of a plasmonic antenna to hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in hexagonal-BN to highly concentrate mid-infrared light into a graphene pn-junction. We balance the interplay of the absorption, electrical and thermal conductivity of graphene via the device geometry. This novel approach yields remarkable device performance featuring room temperature high sensitivity (NEP of 82 pW/√Hz) and fast rise time of 17 nanoseconds (setup-limited), among others, hence achieving a combination currently not present in the state-of-the-art graphene and commercial mid-infrared detectors. We also develop a multiphysics model that shows excellent quantitative agreement with our experimental results and reveals the different contributions to our photoresponse, thus paving the way for further improvement of these types of photodetectors even beyond mid-infrared range. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

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A new elliptic curve cryptographic system over the finite fields 6

A new elliptic curve cryptographic system over the finite fi...

引用

6th National Conference on Technology and Management, NCTM 2017

作者： Priyatharsan, Uthayanathan Rupasinghe, Prabath Lakmal Murray, Iain Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Sri Lanka Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University PerthWA Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509047291

Security of the information is the main problem in network communications nowadays. There is no algorithm which ensures the one hundred percent reliability of the transmissions. The current society uses the Internet, to exchange information such as from private images to financial data. The cryptographic systems are the mechanisms developed to protect and hide the information from intruders. However, advancing technology is also used by intruders to breach the security of the systems. Hence, every time cryptosystems developed based on complex Mathematics. Elliptic curve cryptography(ECC) is one of the technique in such kind of cryptosystems. Security of the elliptic curves lies in hardness of solving the discrete logarithms problems. In this research, a new cryptographic system is built by using the elliptic curve cryptography based on square matrices to achieve a secure communication between two parties. First, an invertible matrix is chosen arbitrarily in the the field used in the system. Then, by using the Cayley Hamilton theorem, private key matrices are generated for both parties. Next, public key vectors of the both parties are generated by using the private keys of them and arbitrary points of the given elliptic curve. Diffie Hellman protocol is used to authenticate the key exchange. ElGamal plus Menezes Qu Vanstone encryption protocols are used to encrypt the messages. MATLAB R2015a is used to implement and test the proper functioning of the built cryptosystem. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Classical information theory of networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Radicchi, Filippo Krioukov, Dmitri Hartle, Harrison Bianconi, Ginestra Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Network Science Institute Northeastern University BostonMA022115 United States Department of Physics Department of Mathematics Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Alan Turing Institute LondonNW1 2DB United Kingdom

Heterogeneity is among the most important features characterizing real-world networks. Empirical evidence in support of this fact is unquestionable. Existing theoretical frameworks justify heterogeneity in networks as a convenient way to enhance desirable systemic features, such as robustness, synchronizability and navigability. However, a unifying information theory able to explain the natural emergence of heterogeneity in complex networks does not yet exist. Here, we fill this gap of knowledge by developing a classical information theoretical framework for networks. We show that among all degree distributions that can be used to generate random networks, the one emerging from the principle of maximum entropy is a power law. We also study spatially embedded networks finding that the interactions between nodes naturally lead to nonuniform distributions of points in the space. The pertinent features of real-world air transportation networks are well described by the proposed framework. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory

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Generalized graph connections for dataflow modeling of DSP applications

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Liu, Yanzhou Barford, Lee Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Keysight Laboratories Keysight Technologies RenoNV United States Department of Pervasive Computing Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland

In dataflow representations for signal processing systems, applications are represented as directed graphs in which vertices represent computations and edges correspond to buffers that store data as it passes between computations. The buffers are single-input, single-output components that manage data in a first-in, first-out (FIFO) fashion. In this paper, we generalize the concept of dataflow buffers with a concept called "passive blocks". Like dataflow buffers, passive blocks are used to store data during the intervals between its generation by producing actors, and its use by consuming actors. However, passive blocks can have multiple inputs and multiple outputs, and can incorporate operations on and rearrangements of the stored data subject to certain constraints. We define a form of flowgraph representation that is based on replacing dataflow edges with the proposed concept of passive blocks. We present a structured design methodology for utilizing this new form of signal processing flowgraph, and demonstrate its utility in improving memory management efficiency, and execution time performance. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital signal processing

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Comparing recent PTA results on the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Agazie, G. Antoniadis, J. Anumarlapudi, A. Archibald, A.M. Arumugam, P. Arumugam, S. Arzoumanian, Z. Askew, J. Babak, S. Bagchi, M. Bailes, M. Bak Nielsen, A.-S. Baker, P.T. Bassa, C.G. Bathula, A. Bécsy, B. Berthereau, A. Bhat, N.D.R. Blecha, L. Bonetti, M. Bortolas, E. Brazier, A. Brook, P.R. Burgay, M. Burke-Spolaor, S. Burnette, R. Caballero, R.N. Cameron, A. Case, R. Chalumeau, A. Champion, D.J. Chanlaridis, S. Charisi, M. Chatterjee, S. Chatziioannou, K. Cheeseboro, B.D. Chen, S. Chen, Z.-C. Cognard, I. Cohen, T. Coles, W.A. Cordes, J.M. Cornish, N.J. Crawford, F. Cromartie, H.T. Crowter, K. Curylo, M. Cutler, C.J. Dai, S. Dandapat, S. Deb, D. DeCesar, M.E. DeGan, D. Demorest, P.B. Deng, H. Desai, S. Desvignes, G. Dey, L. Dhanda-Batra, N. Di Marco, V. Dolch, T. Drachler, B. Dwivedi, C. Ellis, J.A. Falxa, M. Feng, Y. Ferdman, R.D. Ferrara, E.C. Fiore, W. Fonseca, E. Franchini, A. Freedman, G.E. Gair, J.R. Garver-Daniels, N. Gentile, P.A. Gersbach, K.A. Glaser, J. Good, D.C. Goncharov, B. Gopakumar, A. Graikou, E. Grießmeier, J.-M. Guillemot, L. Gültekin, K. Guo, Y.J. Gupta, Y. Grunthal, K. Hazboun, J.S. Hisano, S. Hobbs, G.B. Hourihane, S. Hu, H. Iraci, F. Islo, K. Izquierdo-Villalba, D. Jang, J. Jawor, J. Janssen, G.H. Jennings, R.J. Jessner, A. Johnson, A.D. Jones, M.L. Joshi, B.C. Kaiser, A.R. Kaplan, D.L. Kapur, A. Kareem, F. Karuppusamy, R. Keane, E.F. Keith, M.J. Kelley, L.Z. Kerr, M. Key, J.S. Kharbanda, D. Kikunaga, T. Klein, T.C. Kolhe, N. Kramer, M. Krishnakumar, M.A. Kulkarni, A. Laal, N. Lackeos, K. Lam, M.T. Lamb, W.G. Larsen, B.B. Lazio, T.J.W. Lee, K.J. Levin, Y. Lewandowska, N. Littenberg, T.B. Liu, K. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lommen, A. Lorimer, D.R. Lower, M.E. Luo, J. Luo, R. Lynch, R.S. Lyne, A.G. Ma, C.-P. Maan, Y. Madison, D.R. Main, R.A. Manchester, R.N. Mandow, R. Mattson, M.A. McEwen, A. McKee, J.W. McLaughlin, M.A. McMann, N. Meyers, B.W. Center for Gravitation Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 MilwaukeeWI53201 United States Institute of Astrophysics FORTH N. Plastira 100 Heraklion70013 Greece Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Newcastle University NE1 7RU United Kingdom Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee247667 India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Hyderabad Telangana Kandi502284 India X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia Australia Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Paris75013 France The Institute of Mathematical Sciences C.I.T. Campus Taramani Chennai600113 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai400094 India Fakultät für Physik Universität Bielefeld Postfach 100131 Bielefeld33501 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Widener University One University Place ChesterPA19013 United States ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 Dwingeloo7991 PD Netherlands Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Punjab Mohali140306 India Department of Physics Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace Université d'Orléans CNRS Orléans45071 Cedex 02 France Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université d'Orléans CNRS Nançay18330 France International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University BentleyWA6102 Australia Physics Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca

The Australian, Chinese, European, Indian, and North American pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently reported, at varying levels, evidence for the presence of a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Given that each PTA made different choices in modeling their data, we perform a comparison of the GWB and individual pulsar noise parameters across the results reported from the PTAs that constitute the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We show that despite making different modeling choices, there is no significant difference in the GWB parameters that are measured by the different PTAs, agreeing within 1σ. The pulsar noise parameters are also consistent between different PTAs for the majority of the pulsars included in these analyses. We bridge the differences in modeling choices by adopting a standardized noise model for all pulsars and PTAs, finding that under this model there is a reduction in the tension in the pulsar noise parameters. As part of this reanalysis, we"extended" each PTA's data set by adding extra pulsars that were not timed by that PTA. Under these extensions, we find better constraints on the GWB amplitude and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the Hellings and Downs correlations. These extensions serve as a prelude to the benefits offered by a full combination of data across all pulsars in the IPTA, i.e., the IPTA's Data Release 3, which will involve not just adding in additional pulsars, but also including data from all three PTAs where any given pulsar is timed by more than as single PTA. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulsars

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