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Locally adaptive support-weight approach for visual correspondence search

Locally adaptive support-weight approach for visual correspo...

引用

Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kuk-Jin Yoon In-So Kweon Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KAIST Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0769523722

In this paper, we present a new area-based method for visual correspondence search that focuses on the dissimilarity computation. Local and area-based matching methods generally measure the similarity (or dissimilarity) between the image pixels using local support windows. In this approach, an appropriate support window should be selected adaptively for each pixel to make the measure reliable and certain. Finding the optimal support window with an arbitrary shape and size is, however, very difficult and generally known as an NP-hard problem. For this reason, unlike the existing methods that try to find an optimal support window, we adjusted the support-weight of each pixel in a given support window. The adaptive support-weight of a pixel is computed based on the photometric and geometric relationship with the pixel under consideration. Dissimilarity is then computed using the raw matching costs and support-weights of both support windows, and the correspondence is finally selected by the WTA (winner-takes-all) method. The experimental results for the rectified real images show that the proposed method successfully produces piecewise smooth disparity maps while preserving sharp depth discontinuities accurately.

关键词： Shape Pixel Costs computer vision NP-hard problem Robot vision systems Laboratories computer science Area measurement Photometry

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A Binary Tree for Probability Learning in Eye Detection

A Binary Tree for Probability Learning in Eye Detection

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Junwen Wu M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego CA USA

In this paper we proposed to solve the eye detection and localization problem under a general statistical model based object detection framework. A binary tree representation is used to discover the objects’ underlying statistical structure. Tree structures enable us to describe the object local statistical structure in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Each subtree explains the statistics for certain local substructure. The tree is built in a top-down fashion. Subsets with negligible conditional independency are found by k-means clustering using mutual information. The conditionally independent features are separated into different subtrees, while more dependent features are tended to appear close in the tree. The distribution of the object can be learned accordingly. Gaussian mixture in the independent component analysis (ICA) subspace is used to model the distribution of each high dependent feature subset, where each independent component explains the local substructure. The use of tree structure enables us to learn the distribution recursively by applying Bayesian criterion. Substantial experiments were done to evaluate the performance over the eyes detection accuracy as well as the localization ability. Experimental results show a better detection accuracy than the Viisage system with a reasonable localization ability, which validate the algorithm.

关键词： Binary trees Object detection Bayesian methods computer vision Eyes Tree data structures Probability Statistical distributions Independent component analysis Face detection

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A Combinational Approach to the Fusion, De-noising and Enhancement of Dual-Energy X-Ray Luggage Images

A Combinational Approach to the Fusion, De-noising and Enhan...

引用

IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Zhiyu Chen Yue Zheng B.R. Abidi D.L. Page M.A. Abidi Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

X-ray luggage inspection systems play an important role in ensuring air travelers’ security. However, the false alarm rate of commercial systems can be as high as 20% due to less than perfect image processing algorithms. In an effort to reduce the false alarm rate, this paper proposes a combinational scheme to fuse, de-noise and enhance dual-energy X-ray images for better object classification and threat detection. The fusion step is based on the wavelet transform. Fused images generally reveal more detail information; however, background noise often gets amplified during the fusion process. This paper applies a backgroundsubtraction- based noise reduction technique which is very efficient in removing background noise from fused X-ray images. The de-noised image is then processed using a new enhancement technique to reconstruct the final image. The final image not only contains complementary information from both source images, but is also background-noise-free and contrastenhanced, therefore easier to segment automatically or be interpreted by screeners, thus reducing the false alarm rate in X-ray luggage inspection.

关键词： Noise reduction X-ray imaging Inspection Background noise Security Image processing Fuses Object detection X-ray detection X-ray detectors

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Adaptive Output-Feedback Stabilization and Disturbance Attenuation for Feedforward Systems with ISS Appended Dynamics

Adaptive Output-Feedback Stabilization and Disturbance Atten...

引用

IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： P. Krishnamurthy F. Khorrami Control/Robotics Research Laboratory (CRRL) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY USA

We propose an adaptive output-feedback control design technique for feedforward systems with Input-to-State Stable (ISS) appended dynamics and disturbance inputs. The design is based on our recent results on the application of dynamic high-gain scaling to state-feedback and output-feedback control of feedforward systems. Unlike previous approaches to the control of feedforward systems, the dynamic high-gain scaling technique provides robustness to additive disturbances and enabled the first output-feedback controller design for feedforward systems. In this paper, we further investigate the robustness properties of the dynamic high-gain scaling approach by introducing exogenous disturbance inputs and ISS appended dynamics coupled with all the system states and the input. The designed adaptive output-feedback controller achieves BIBS stability with respect to disturbance inputs and also provides a disturbance attenuation result. This provides the first results for feedforward systems with ISS appended dynamics and disturbance inputs.

关键词： Attenuation Feedforward systems Control systems Programmable control Adaptive control Control design Robust control Additives Robustness Stability

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Multiperspective Thermal IR and Video Arrays for 3D Body Tracking and Driver Activity Analysis

Multiperspective Thermal IR and Video Arrays for 3D Body Tra...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Shinko Y. Cheng Sangho Park M.M. Trivedi Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

This paper presents a multi-perspective (i.e., four camera views) multi-modal (i.e., thermal infrared and color) video based system for robust and real-time 3D tracking of important body *** multi-perspective characteristics of the system provides 3Dtrajectory of the body parts, while the multi-modal characteristics of the system provides robustness and reliability of feature detection and tracking. The application context for this research is that of intelligent vehicles and driver assistance systems. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.

关键词： Cameras computer vision Infrared detectors Humans Head Robustness Robot vision systems Image color analysis Real time systems Intelligent vehicles

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Optical flow-based tracking of deformable objects using a non-prior training active feature model 5th

Optical flow-based tracking of deformable objects using a no...

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5th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, PCM 2004

作者： Kim, Sangjin Kang, Jinyoung Shin, Jeongho Lee, Seongwon Paik, Joonki Kang, Sangkyu Abidi, Besma Abidi, Mongi Image Processing and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University 221 Huksuk-Dong Tongjak-Ku Seoul156-756 Korea Republic of Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540239857

This paper presents a feature point tracking algorithm using optical flow under the non-prior training active feature model (NPT-AFM) framework. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on analysis of deformable objects, and provides real-time, robust tracking. The proposed object tracking procedure can be divided into two steps: (i) optical flow-based tracking of feature points and (ii) NPT-AFM for robust tracking. In order to handle occlusion problems in object tracking, feature points inside an object are estimated instead of its shape boundary of the conventional active contour model (ACM) or active shape model (ASM), and are updated as an element of the training set for the AFM. The proposed NPT-AFM framework enables the tracking of occluded objects in complicated background. Experimental results show that the proposed NPT-AFM-based algorithm can track deformable objects in real-time. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Optical flows

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A fast digital fuzzy logic controller: FPGA design and implementation

A fast digital fuzzy logic controller: FPGA design and imple...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： K.M. Deliparaschos F.I. Nenedakis S.G. Tzafestas Intelligent Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

This paper describes an improved approach to design a Takagi-Sugeno zero-order type fast parameterized digital fuzzy logic controller (DFLC) processing only the active rules (rules that give a non-null contribution for a given input data set), at high frequency of operation, without significant increase in hardware complexity. To achieve this goal, an improved method of designing the fuzzy controller model is proposed that significantly reduces the time required to process the active rules and effectively increases the input data processing rate. The DFLC discussed in this paper achieves an internal core processing speed of at least 200 MHz, featuring two 8-bit inputs and one 12-bit output, with up to seven trapezoidal shape membership functions per input and a rule base of up to 49 rules. The proposed architecture was implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip with the use of a very high-speed integrated-circuits hardware-description-language (VHDL) and advanced synthesis and place and route tools

关键词： Fuzzy logic Digital control Field programmable gate arrays Takagi-Sugeno model Process control Frequency Hardware Design methodology Fuzzy control Data processing

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Transference of evolved unmanned aerial vehicle controllers to a wheeled mobile robot

Transference of evolved unmanned aerial vehicle controllers ...

引用

2005 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation

作者： Barlow, Gregory J. Mattos, Leonardo S. Grant, Edward Oh, Choong K. Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave. S.W. Washington DC 20375 Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213

ISBN: (纸本)078038914X

Transference of controllers evolved in simulation to real vehicles is an important issue in evolutionary robotics (ER). We have previously evolved autonomous navigation controllers for fixed wing UAV applications using multi-objective genetic programming (GP). Controllers were evolved to locate a radar source, navigate the UAV to the source efficiently using on-board sensor measurements, and circle around the emitter. We successfully tested an evolved UAV controller on a wheeled mobile robot. A passive sonar system on the robot was used in place of the radar sensor, and a speaker emitting a tone was used as the target in place of a radar. Using the evolved navigation controller, the mobile robot moved to the speaker and circled around it. The results from this experiment demonstrate that our evolved controllers are capable of transference to real vehicles. Future research will include testing the best evolved controllers by using them to fly real UAVs. ©2005 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned vehicles

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A Robust Force Controller for an SRM Based Electromechanical Brake System

A Robust Force Controller for an SRM Based Electromechanical...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： P. Krishnamurthy W. Lu F. Khorrami A. Keyhani Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Control/Robotics Research Laboratory (CRRL) Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA

In this paper, we propose a robust nonlinear force controller for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) electromechanical brake system which is a promising replacement for hydraulic brakes in the automotive industry. A detailed model of the motor including current dependent inductance coefficients is used. The load exerted on the motor by the caliper may be modeled as a spring; however, the actual load model is taken to be an unknown nonlinear function of position to allow for uncertainties in the model. Hence, the developed controller works for a wide variety of loads including brake systems. The controller is designed using backstepping and incorporates a novel voltage commutation scheme. The controller does not require knowledge of the mechanical parameters of the motor and the functional forms of the relationships among the motor position, the brake force, and the motor load torque. Moreover, the controller provides significant robustness to uncertainty in the inductances. Furthermore, practical current and voltage constraints are addressed. The performance and robustness of the controller are demonstrated through simulation studies.

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A case study of 3D stereoscopic vs. 2D monoscopic tele-reality in real-time dexterous teleoperation

A case study of 3D stereoscopic vs. 2D monoscopic tele-reali...

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2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Wai-keung Fung Wang-tai Lo Yun-hui Liu Ning Xi Networked Sensors and Robotics Laboratory Department of Automation and Computer-Aided Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong China Robotics and Automation Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

This paper reports a case study of using single 3D stereoscopic visual feedback for real-time teleoperation of dexterous tasks. In traditional teleoperation systems, real-time visual feedbacks of multiple monoscopic views of the robot workspace are provided for remote operator. However, it is difficult for the operator to control remote robot to perform dexterous tasks by looking at multiple video feedbacks at the same time. During teleoperation, remote operators usually find multiple 2D visual feedbacks confusing, especially when performing dexterous tasks that require accurate positioning and orientating of robot end-effectors. In this paper, we propose to provide single real-time 3D stereoscopic visual feedback for remote operators so that they perceive remote robot workspace with the sense of depth. This sense of 3D empowers remote operators to accurately position and orient robot end-effector with confidence. Experiments have been conducted to reveal the usefulness of real-time 3D stereoscopic video feedback over multiple monoscopic video feedback in real-time teleoperation.

关键词： computer aided software engineering robotics and automation Feedback Robot sensing systems Delay effects System performance IP networks Control systems Real time systems Laboratories

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