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Cross-subcarrier precoder design for massive MIMO-OFDM downlink with symplectic optimization

Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 216-229页

作者： Yuxuan ZHANG An-An LU Xiang-Gen XIA Xiqi GAO National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Purple Mountain Laboratories Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware

We propose a cross-subcarrier precoder design(CSPD) for massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) downlink. This work aims to significantly improve the channel estimation and signal detection performance by enhancing the smoothness of the frequency domain effective channel. This is accomplished by designing a few vectors known as the transform domain precoding vectors(TDPVs), which are then transformed into the frequency domain to generate the precoders for a set of subcarriers. To combat the effect of channel aging, the TDPVs are optimized under imperfect channel state information(CSI). The optimal precoder structure is derived by maximizing an upper bound of the ergodic weighted sum-rate(WSR) and utilizing the a posteriori beam-based statistical channel model(BSCM). To avoid the large-dimensional matrix inversion, we propose an algorithm with symplectic optimization. Simulation results indicate that the proposed cross-subcarrier precoder design significantly outperforms conventional methods.

关键词： massive MIMO-OFDM cross subcarrier precoder design transform domain precoding vectors effective channel symplectic optimization

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Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering Research Center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Entanglement Distribution Delay Optimization in Quantum Networks with Distillation

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1871-1886页

作者： Chehimi, Mahdi Goodenough, Kenneth Saad, Walid Towsley, Don Zhou, Tony X. American University of Beirut Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Beirut1107 2020 Lebanon University of Massachusetts Amherst Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences United States Virginia Tech University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ArlingtonVA United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Laboratory of Electronics CambridgeMA02139 United States

Quantum networks (QNs) enable secure distributed quantum computing and sensing over next-generation optical communication networks by distributing entangled states over optical channels. However, quantum switches (QSs) in such QNs, which perform entanglement distribution, have limited resources, e.g., single-photon sources (SPSs) and quantum memories, which are sensitive to noise and losses. Efficient QS resource allocation is needed to minimize entanglement distribution delay. This paper proposes a QS resource allocation framework that jointly optimizes the average entanglement distribution delay and entanglement distillation operations to improve end-to-end (e2e) fidelity and meet user-specific rate and fidelity requirements. The proposed framework accounts for realistic QN noise and imperfections, deriving analytical expressions for quantum memory decoherence noise and resulting e2e fidelity after distillation. It also considers practical deployment factors, allowing QSs to control 1) nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center SPS types based on their isotopic decomposition, and 2) nuclear spin regions based on coupling strength and distance from NV center's electron spin. The QS resource allocation optimization problem is solved using a simulated annealing algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed framework manages to satisfy all users rate and fidelity requirements, unlike existing distillation-agnostic, minimal distillation, and physics-agnostic frameworks which do not perform distillation, perform minimal distillation, and do not control the physics-based NV center characteristics, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed framework results in significant reductions in the average e2e entanglement distribution delay, along with enhancements in the average e2e fidelity compared to the aforementioned existing frameworks. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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SHEATH: Defending Horizontal Collaboration for Distributed CNNs Against Adversarial Noise

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2025年 20卷 4353-4368页

作者： Asif, Muneeba Kazmi, Mohammad Kumail Rahman, Mohammad Ashiqur Hasan, Syed Rafay Homsi, Soamar Laboratory MiamiFL33199 United States Tennessee Technological University Department of Electrical and Computer CookevilleTN38505 United States Air Force Research Laboratory Information Warfare Division RomeNY13441 United States

As edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) expand, horizontal collaboration (HC) emerges as a distributed data processing solution for resource-constrained devices. In particular, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be deployed on multiple IoT devices, allowing distributed inference execution for image recognition while ensuring model and data privacy. Yet, this distributed architecture remains vulnerable to adversaries who want to make subtle alterations that impact the model, even if they lack access to the entire model. Such vulnerabilities can have severe implications for various sectors, including healthcare, military, and autonomous systems. However, security solutions for these vulnerabilities have not been explored. This paper presents a novel framework for Secure Horizontal Edge with Adversarial Threat Handling (SHEATH) to detect adversarial noise and eliminate its effect on CNN inference by recovering the original feature maps. Specifically, SHEATH aims to address vulnerabilities without requiring complete knowledge of the CNN model in HC edge architectures based on sequential partitioning. It ensures data and model integrity, offering security against adversarial noise in diverse HC environments. Our evaluations demonstrate SHEATH’s adaptability and effectiveness across diverse CNN configurations. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Strategies for Effective EEG Preprocessing 22

Strategies for Effective EEG Preprocessing

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22nd International Learning and Technology Conference, L and T 2025

作者： Salem, Nema Alamoudi, Nora Mustafa, Lama Bagais, Fatima Effat University Electrical Research Laboratory College of Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia Effat University College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532215

The administration of anesthesia is critical for ensuring the safety of surgical procedures, yet it comes with inherent risks associated with medication mistakes. Monitoring EEG signals during anesthesia is crucial for understanding patient physiology;however, the accuracy of this information heavily relies on effectively eliminating noise. Decreasing noise in EEG signals is vital for accurately interpreting data, ultimately enhancing patient safety and refining anesthesia management. This research concentrates on an advanced preprocessing technique for EEG signals, employing segmentation, detrending, variational mode decomposition (VMD), and noise reduction through Gaussian filtering, moving averages, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The study utilized EEG data collected during surgeries and applied these preprocessing approaches to reduce noise and artifacts. Our results indicate that employing the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for denoising is robust and produces superior outcomes compared to other techniques investigated, achieving a high Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 43.23 dB. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Anesthesia Discrete Wavelet Transform EEG preprocessing Gaussian Independent Component Analysis Moving average Noise removal SDG 17

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Fast Demodulation of OFDR-Based Distributed Sensing Based on Enhanced Buneman Frequency Estimation

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4283-4289页

作者： Zhang, Zhaopeng Liu, Bo Liu, Xiao Li, Caiyun Alsalman, Osamah Zhu, Chen Zhejiang Laboratory Research Center for Novel Computing Sensing and Intelligent Processing Hangzhou311121 China King Saud University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia Missouri University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RollaMO65409 United States

Aiming at realizing high-efficiency distributed strain sensing through optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), this paper introduces a fast demodulation algorithm to determine strain-induced spectral shifts from coarse Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) cross-correlation spectra. The proposed approach employs an enhanced Buneman frequency estimation (BFE) algorithm, enabling direct spectral shift analysis across coarse signals. By applying this algorithm, the need for dense interpolation in the conventional cross-correlation demodulation process—typically required for a finer spectral sampling interval but at the cost of demodulation efficiency—can be eliminated. Both theoretical analysis and experimental investigation reveal the equivalence of the BFE and conventional algorithms in terms of underlying physical principles and resultant demodulation noise distribution, establishing a strong foundation for adopting the BFE algorithm to improve demodulation efficiency without sacrificing performance metrics. Demonstration experiments using identical hardware configurations show that the proposed BFE method enhances demodulation efficiency by over 17 times without sacrificing other performance metrics, confirming its effectiveness and practicality. This advancement holds promise for improving the practical application of OFDR-based distributed sensing systems. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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A Hierarchical Progressive Perception System for Autonomous Luggage Trolley Collection

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 2025年 22卷 14484-14497页

作者： Sun, Zhirui Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Jieting Ye, Hanjing Wang, Jiankun Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics Perception and Intelligence Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Southern University of Science and Technology Jiaxing Research Institute Jiaxing314000 China Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

Advancements in intelligent vehicle technologies and autonomous driving are now used for tasks like collecting luggage trolleys at airports. The robotic autonomous luggage trolley collection system employs robots to gather and transport scattered luggage trolleys. However, existing methods for detecting and locating luggage trolleys often fail when they are not fully visible. To address this, we introduce the hierarchical progressive perception system, which enhances the detection and localization of luggage trolleys under partial occlusion. The proposed system integrates the hierarchical process structure and progressive perception strategy. This innovative structure processes the luggage trolley’s position and orientation separately. It can accurately determine the luggage trolley’s position with just one well-detected keypoint and estimate its orientation when partially occluded. Once the luggage trolley’s initial pose is detected, the progressive perception strategy continuously refines this information until the robot begins grasping. The proposed system only needs RGB images for labeling and training, eliminating the need for complex data collection and annotation. The experiments on detection and localization demonstrate that the proposed system is more reliable under partial occlusion compared to existing methods. Its effectiveness and robustness have also been confirmed through practical tests in actual luggage trolley collection tasks. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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Robust Precoder Design for Massive MIMO High-Speed Railway Communications With Matrix Manifold Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年第5期24卷 4086-4100页

作者： Sun, Rui Sun, Chen Shi, Ding Lu, An-An Gao, Xiqi Xia, Xiang-Gen Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkDE19716 United States

In high-speed railway (HSR) communications, the channel suffers from severe Doppler and channel aging effects caused by the high mobility, making the channel outdated quickly. To address this issue, we investigate the robust precoder design against channel aging and prediction inaccuracy in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with matrix manifold optimization. First of all, we introduce the concept of the quadruple beams (QBs), and establish a QB based channel model with sampled quadruple steering vectors. Then, the upcoming space domain channel of interest can achieve a higher accuracy by channel prediction with the estimated QB domain channel. To further improve the performance while save the pilot overhead, we predict the forthcoming QB domain channel and integrate the prediction inaccuracy within the a posterior QB domain statistical channel model. Then, we consider the robust precoder design aiming to maximize the upper bound of the ergodic weighted sum-rate (WSR) on the Riemannian submanifold formed by the precoders satisfying the total power constraint (TPC). Riemannian ingredients are derived for matrix manifold optimization, with which the Riemannian conjugate gradient (RCG) method is proposed to solve the unconstrained problem on the manifold. The RCG method mainly involves the matrix multiplication and avoids the need of matrix inversion of the transmit antenna dimension. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed channel model and the superiority of the RCG method for robust precoder design against channel aging and prediction inaccuracy. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： MIMO systems

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Effectiveness of Advanced ECG Noise Reduction Filters 22

Effectiveness of Advanced ECG Noise Reduction Filters

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22nd International Learning and Technology Conference, L and T 2025

作者： Salem, Nema Jamjoom, Jude Alzahrani, Maria Qashqari, Maha Effat University Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory Effat College of Engineering Jeddah Saudi Arabia Effat University Effat College of Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Jeddah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532215

The study examined various filtering methods applied to ECG signals;the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset included two channels to reduce noise and artifacts while maintaining critical waveform characteristics. Initial filtering included a notch filter and a bandpass filter. Advanced filters such as Savitzky-Golay, Wavelet, Kalman, Wiener, and combined Wiener-Golay were used for noise reduction. Results showed that the Kalman filter performed best with an average SNR of 21.40 dB, while the Wavelet method worked well on channel 2. The Wiener filter was less effective due to its limited adaptability to changing noise. The combined Wiener-Savitzky-Golay filter showed a balanced performance but did not outperform the Kalman filter. Visual inspections of ECG signals from five patients revealed that the Kalman and Wavelet filters successfully maintained crucial morphological characteristics. The Savitzky-Golay filter offered effective smoothing but sometimes dampened the QRS complex, while the Wiener filter introduced high-frequency artifacts. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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