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Investigating the Performance of Graded Index Nanocomposite-Perovskite Solar Cells

Applied Solar Energy (English translation of Geliotekhnika) 2023年第5期59卷 587-594页

作者： El-Khozondar, Hala J. Shabat, Mohammed M. Department of Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology Imperial College London London United Kingdom Physics Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Mathematics Physics and Electrical Engineering Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

Abstract: This study presents a novel four-layer solar cell design, composed of NiOx embedded in glass on top of a perovskite layer and SnO2 substrate. Incident light enters through the glass layer and exits through the substrate into the surrounding air. A novel graded index of the composite layer is proposed where the refractive index varies with the vertical distance from the glass interface. Using the Maple program, we calculate the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance powers of the proposed solar cells, while examining the influence of different parameters on these powers. Our findings indicate that the transmittance, reflection, and absorption powers are sensitive to changes in layer thickness. Specifically, we observe that the absorbance power approaches unity for longer wavelengths while remaining above 0.7 for shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we propose integrating this cell into a tandem solar cell configuration, where it can complement another cell by providing support in longer wavelengths and high absorbance in shorter wavelengths. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2023. ISSN 0003-701X, Applied Solar Energy, 2023, Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 587–594. Allerton Press, Inc., 2023.

关键词： Absorbance

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Detecting Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonatal Phonocardiograms 50

Detecting Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Neonatal Phonocardiogr...

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50th Computing in Cardiology, CinC 2023

作者： Zamani, Mohammad Ali Grooby, Ethan Lacey, James Malhotra, Atul Marzbanrad, Faezeh School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Australia University British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada Monash University Monash Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382525

During fetal development, ductus arteriosus allows blood ejected by the right ventricle to bypass the lung. The persistence of this ductus after birth however is considered pathological and is termed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Using phonocardiograms (PCGs) acquired from a digital stethoscope, the objective is to explore discriminatory features and statistically analyse them. In this research, we obtained 48 PCG recordings from 41 neonates. 17 recordings (15 neonates) had PDA, 8 recordings (7 neonates) had other heart structure abnormalities identified during echocardiography and were excluded in this study, and 23 recordings (21 neonates) had no heart structure abnormalities based on clinical assessment. Recordings were denoised using non-negative matrix co-factorization. Denoised phonocardiograms were then segmented into S1, systolic, S2, and diastolic periods. Temporal (durations and maximum values), statistical (variance, skewness, and kurtosis), and power (total power, and 25-100Hz, 25-45 Hz, 45-80 Hz, 100-200 Hz, and 200-400Hz band powers) were obtained for each heart segment and relative ratios between segments calculated. Statistical tests were then performed to identify significant features for discriminating PCG recordings. © 2023 CinC.

关键词： Echocardiography

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Nutation-based longitudinal-sensing protocols for high-field NMR with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第2期22卷 024043-024043页

作者： Declan Daly Stephen J. DeVience Emma Huckestein John W. Blanchard Johannes Cremer Ronald L. Walsworth Department of Physics Quantum Technology Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond enable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples at the nano- and microscale. However, at typical tesla-scale NMR magnetic field strengths, N-V–NMR protocols become difficult to implement due to the challenge of driving fast N-V pulse sequences sensitive to nuclear Larmor frequencies above a few megahertz. We perform simulations and theoretical analysis of the experimental viability of N-V NMR at tesla-scale magnetic fields using a measurement protocol called DRACAERIS (Double Rewound ACquisition Amplitude Encoded Radio Induced Signal). DRACAERIS detects the longitudinal magnetization of the NMR sample at a much lower driven Rabi frequency, more suitable technically for N-V detection. We discuss how pulse errors, finite pulse lengths, and nuclear spin-spin couplings affect the resulting NMR spectra. We find that DRACAERIS is less susceptible to pulse imperfections and off-resonance effects than previous protocols for longitudinal magnetization detection. We also identify reasonable parameters for experimental implementation.

关键词： Analytical chemistry Magneto-optics Quantum sensing Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond Nuclear magnetic resonance Radio frequency techniques

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Latest Innovations in Intelligent Network-on-Chip Architectures: A Systematic Review 17

Latest Innovations in Intelligent Network-on-Chip Architectu...

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17th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures, NoCArc 2024

作者： Kakoulli, Elena Neapolis University Pafos Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Pafos Cyprus Cyprus University of Technology Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering and Informatics Limassol Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506421

This review investigates the latest advancements in intelligent Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures, focusing on innovations from 2022 to 2024. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into NoC designs has driven significant improvements in performance, scalability, energy efficiency, and security. Key contributions include AI/ML-driven techniques to optimize routing, reduce latency, manage power consumption, and enhancing security against emerging threats. Despite these advancements, challenges such as computational overhead and integration complexities remain. This review consolidates these findings, addresses existing challenges, and proposes future research directions to further leverage AI and ML for developing robust and adaptable NoC architectures. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Noisy entanglement testing for ranging and communication

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第2期22卷 024007-024007页

作者： Pengcheng Liao Quntao Zhuang Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics and Astronomy

Given a quantum system S entangled with another system I, the entanglement-testing problem arises, prompting the identification of the system S within a set of m≥2 identical systems. This scenario serves as a model for the measurement task encountered in quantum ranging and entanglement-assisted communication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 240501, (2021)]. In this context, the optimal measurement approach typically involves joint measurements on all m+1 systems. However, we demonstrate that this is not the case when the subsystems containing system S are subjected to entanglement-breaking noise. Our approach utilizes the recently developed measurement technique of correlation-to-displacement conversion. We present a structured design for the entanglement-testing measurement, implementable with local operations and classical communications (LOCC) on the m+1 systems, while joint between multiple identical copies. Furthermore, we prove that this measurement approach, combining Gaussian operations and on and off photon detection, achieves optimality in terms of error probability asymptotically under noisy conditions. When applied to quantum illumination, our measurement design enables optimal ranging in scenarios with low signal brightness and high levels of noise. Similarly, when applied to entanglement-assisted pulse-position-modulated classical communication, the measurement design leads to a significant relative advantage in communication rates, particularly in scenarios with low signal brightness.

关键词： Entanglement detection Optical quantum information processing Quantum communication Quantum entanglement Quantum fluctuations & noise Quantum optics Quantum sensing

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A 4.5 μW Miniaturized 3-Channel Wireless Intra-Cardiac Acquisition System

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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and systems 2023年第5期17卷 1097-1110页

作者： Rezaeiyan, Yasser Koolivand, Yarallah Zamani, Milad Shoaei, Omid Akbari, Meysam Moradi, Farshad Tang, Kea-Tiong Integrated Circuits and Electronics Laboratory Department of Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus8200 Denmark Electrical Engineering KN Toosi University of Technology Tehran15418-49611 Iran Bio-Integrated Systems Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran*** Iran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Kurdistan Sanandaj*** Iran Department of Electrical Engineering National TsingHua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

This article presents a chip designed for wireless intra-cardiac monitoring systems. The design consists of a three-channel analog front-end, a pulse-width modulator featuring output-frequency offset and temperature calibration, and inductive data telemetry. By employing a resistance boosting technique in the instrumentation amplifier feedback, the pseudo-resistor exhibits lower non-linearity, leading to a total harmonic distortion of below 0.1%. Furthermore, the boosting technique enhances the feedback resistance, leading to a reduction in the size of the feedback capacitor and, consequently, the overall size. To make the modulator's output frequency resilient to temperature and process changes, coarse and fine-tuning algorithms are used. The front-end channel is capable of extracting the intra-cardiac signal with an effective number of bits of 8.9, while exhibiting an input-referred noise of less than 2.7 μ Vrms, and consuming 200 nW per channel. The front-end output is encoded by an ASK-PWM modulator, which drives an on-chip transmitter at 13.56 MHz. The proposed System-on-Chip (SoC) is fabricated in a 0.18 μ m standard CMOS technology and consumes 4.5 μW while occupying 1.125 mm2. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Transmitters

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Ion-chain sympathetic cooling and gate dynamics

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第4期22卷 044033页

作者： A. Paul C. Noel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics Duke Quantum Center

Sympathetic cooling is a technique often employed to mitigate motional heating in trapped-ion quantum computers. However, choosing system parameters such as number of coolants and cooling duty cycle for optimal gate performance requires evaluating trade-offs between motional errors and other slower errors such as qubit dephasing. The optimal parameters depend on cooling power, heating rate, and ion spacing in a particular system. In this study, we aim to analyze best practices for sympathetic cooling of long chains of trapped ions using analytical and computational methods. We use a case study to show that optimal cooling performance is achieved when coolants are placed at the center of the chain and provide a perturbative upper bound on the cooling limit of a mode given a particular set of cooling parameters. In addition, using computational tools, we analyze the trade-off between the number of coolant ions in a chain and the center-of-mass mode heating rate. We also show that cooling as often as possible when running a circuit is optimal when the qubit coherence time is otherwise long. These results provide a roadmap for how to choose sympathetic cooling parameters to maximize circuit performance in trapped-ion quantum computers using long chains of ions.

关键词： Trapped ions

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Soliton synchronization in microresonators with a modulated pump

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Physical Review E 2024年第6期109卷 064204-064204页

作者： Jorge Palacio Mizrahi Logan Courtright Pradyoth Shandilya Curtis R. Menyuk Omri Gat The Racah Institute of Physics The Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department

Microresonator frequency comb generation from Kerr solitons has become a cutting edge technology, but challenges remain in creating, maintaining, and controlling the solitons. Pump modulation and dual pumping are promising techniques for meeting these challenges. Here we derive the equation of motion of solitons interacting with a modulated pump in the framework of synchronization theory. It implies that the soliton repetition rate locks to the modulation frequency whenever the latter is within a locking range of frequencies around an integer multiple of the free spectral range of the microresonator. We calculate explicitly, numerically, and in perturbation theory the width of the locking range as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the pump and the modulation phase. We show that a highly red-detuned, strong pump that is amplitude-modulated provides the best conditions for entrainment, and that the width of the locking range is proportional to the square of the modulation frequency, limiting the effectiveness of RF modulation as an entrainment method.

关键词： Optical solitons Synchronization Synchronization transition Ultrafast optics Coherent structures Nonlinear waves Optical microcavities Solitons

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The Impact of SMOTE and ADASYN on Random Forest and Advanced Gradient Boosting Techniques in Telecom Customer Churn Prediction 10

The Impact of SMOTE and ADASYN on Random Forest and Advanced...

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10th International Conference on Web Research, ICWR 2024

作者： Imani, Mehdi Ghaderpour, Zahra Joudaki, Majid Beikmohammadi, Ali Stockholm University Department of Computer and System Sciences Stockholm10691 Sweden Ayatollah Boroujerdi University Electrical and Computer Engineering Boroujerd Iran University of Kashan Electrical and Computer Engineering Kashan Iran Stockholm University Department of Computer and Systems Sciences StockholmSE-16455 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394986

This paper explores the capability of various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest and advanced gradient boosting techniques such as XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, to predict customer churn in the telecommunications sector. For this analysis, a dataset available to the public was employed. The performance of these algorithms was assessed using recognized metrics, including Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under Curve (ROC AUC). These metrics were evaluated at different phases: subsequent to data preprocessing and feature selection;following the application of SMOTE and ADASYN sampling methods;and after conducting hyperparameter tuning on the data that had been adjusted by SMOTE and *** outcomes underscore the notable efficiency of upsampling techniques such as SMOTE and ADASYN in addressing the imbalance inherent in customer churn prediction. Notably, the application of random grid search for hyperparameter optimization did not significantly alter the results, which remained comparatively unchanged. The algorithms' performance post-ADASYN application marginally surpassed that observed after SMOTE application. Remarkably, LightGBM achieved an exceptional F1-score of 89% and an ROC AUC of 95% subsequent to the ADASYN sampling technique. This underlines the effectiveness of advanced boosting algorithms and upsampling methods like SMOTE and ADASYN in navigating the complexities of imbalanced datasets and intricate feature interdependencies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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IoT Based Smart Refrigerator Using Machine Learning 2

IoT Based Smart Refrigerator Using Machine Learning

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2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications, AIMLA 2024

作者： Devanath, B. Dharunish, A.P. Mohana Bharathi, S. Suganth, R. Banupriya, V. Ramesh, M. M Kumarasamy College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Karur India M Kumarasamy College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Karur India

ISBN: (数字)9798350349221

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349221

The fridge is the most constantly employed menage/ kitchen electrical device encyclopedically for conserving food. The leading sectors of smart widgets include refrigerators in the kitchen. The Web of Effects (IoT) denotes the tools and systems employed to link the factors deduced from the detectors and selectors. Primarily this contrivance is employed for different purposes such as storing flora, fruits, etc. This design transforms any pre-existing fridge into an intelligent, budget-friendly outfit with exercise sensors. The proposed design is educated and worked grounded on the medium of learning machines, and it contrasts the condition of the aliment, for case, Mass, quantum, etc. The significance of this undertaking will involve barring food decay, dwindling affections, and promoting a more restorative way of life for contemporary mortal beings. The arrangement of dish recommendations grounded on the veggies being in the caddy is carried out through an abecedarian algorithm of machine literacy, which categorizes the vegetables grounded on the tinges, latterly suggesting a specific form. It'll be canny enough to warn the stoner IoT about the present condition of food papers through an Android operation on our cellular device. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Refrigerators

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