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CRAFT: Criticality-Aware Fault-Tolerance Enhancement Techniques for Emerging Memories-Based Deep Neural Networks

IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 2023年第10期42卷 3289-3300页

作者： Nguyen, Thai-Hoang Imran, Muhammad Choi, Jaehyuk Yang, Joon-Sung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of System Semiconductor Engineering Yonsei University Seoul03722 Korea Republic of

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as the most effective programming paradigm for computer vision and natural language processing applications. With the rapid development of DNNs, efficient hardware architectures for deploying DNN-based applications on edge devices have been extensively studied. Emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs), with their better scalability, nonvolatility, and good read performance, are found to be promising candidates for deploying DNNs. However, despite the promise, emerging NVMs often suffer from reliability issues, such as stuck-at faults, which decrease the chip yield/memory lifetime and severely impact the accuracy of DNNs. A stuck-at cell can be read but not reprogrammed, thus, stuck-at faults in NVMs may or may not result in errors depending on the data to be stored. By reducing the number of errors caused by stuck-at faults, the reliability of a DNN-based system can be enhanced. This article proposes CRAFT, i.e., criticality-aware fault-tolerance enhancement techniques to enhance the reliability of NVM-based DNNs in the presence of stuck-at faults. A data block remapping technique is used to reduce the impact of stuck-at faults on DNNs accuracy. Additionally, by performing bit-level criticality analysis on various DNNs, the critical-bit positions in network parameters that can significantly impact the accuracy are identified. Based on this analysis, we propose an encoding method which effectively swaps the critical bit positions with that of noncritical bits when more errors (due to stuck-at faults) are present in the critical bits. Experiments of CRAFT architecture with various DNN models indicate that the robustness of a DNN against stuck-at faults can be enhanced by up to 105 times on the CIFAR-10 dataset and up to 29 times on ImageNet dataset with only a minimal amount of storage overhead, i.e., 1.17%. Being orthogonal, CRAFT can be integrated with existing fault-tolerance schemes to further enhance the robustness of DNNs aga

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Adaptive Two-stage Unscented Kalman Filter for Dynamic State Estimation of Synchronous Generator Under Cyber Attacks Against Measurements

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1408-1418页

作者： Dongchen Hou Yonghui Sun Venkata Dinavahi Yi Wang the School of Electrical and Power Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2V4Canada the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China the Henan Engineering Research Center of Power Electronics and Energy Systems Zhengzhou 450001China

This paper develops an adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter(ATSUKF)to accurately track operation states of the synchronous generator(SG)under cyber *** achieve high fidelity,considering the excitation system of SGs,a detailed 9~(th)-order SG model for dynamic state estimation is ***,for several common cyber attacks against measurements,a two-stage unscented Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the model state and the bias in ***,to solve the deterioration problem of state estimation performance caused by the mismatch between noise statistical characteristics and model assumptions,a multi-dimensional adaptive factor matrix is derived to modify the noise covariance ***,a large number of simulation experiments are carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system,which shows that the proposed filter can accurately track the SG state under different abnormal test conditions.

关键词： Cyber attack dynamic state estimation Kalman filtering synchronous generator(SG) unscented transformation

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Inverse kinematics solution for a six-degree-of-freedom upper limb rehabilitation robot using deep learning models

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-19页

作者： Shah, Muhammad Faizan Khan, Naveed Ahmad Jamwal, Prashant K. Chetty, Girija Goecke, Roland Hussain, Shahid School of Information Technology & Systems University of Canberra Canberra Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan School of Systems and Computing University of New South Wales Canberra Australia

The inverse kinematics problem in serially manipulated upper limb rehabilitation robots implies the usage of the end-effector position to obtain the joint rotation angles. In contrast to the forward kinematics, there are no systematic approaches for solving the inverse kinematics problem. Furthermore, for some morphology of the upper limb rehabilitation robots, the inverse kinematics problem is particularly challenging to solve. Conventional methods to solve the inverse kinematics problem reported in the literature are computationally expensive. In the present work, we propose a deep learning-based model to acquire the joint angles for a given end-effector position. The proposed approach exhibits high efficacy in determining the joint angles for various target positions and can accurately predict the end-effector positions once trained, improving the ability of the upper limb rehabilitation robot to adapt to varying patient needs. Due to its improved capability and effectiveness to track positions, the proposed algorithm lays the foundation for the development of efficient controllers in future. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Inverse kinematics

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Text Augmentation-Based Model for Emotion Recognition Using Transformers

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3523-3547页

作者： Fida Mohammad Mukhtaj Khan Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat Naveed Jan Neelam Gohar Muhammad Bilal Amal Al-Rasheed Department of Computer Science The University of HaripurHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering Technology University of TechnologyNowshera24100Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Benazir BhuttoWomen UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Emotion Recognition in Conversations(ERC)is fundamental in creating emotionally ***-BasedNetwork(GBN)models have gained popularity in detecting conversational contexts for ERC ***,their limited ability to collect and acquire contextual information hinders their *** propose a Text Augmentation-based computational model for recognizing emotions using transformers(TA-MERT)to address *** proposed model uses the Multimodal Emotion Lines Dataset(MELD),which ensures a balanced representation for recognizing human *** used text augmentation techniques to producemore training data,improving the proposed model’s *** encoders train the deep neural network(DNN)model,especially Bidirectional Encoder(BE)representations that capture both forward and backward contextual *** integration improves the accuracy and robustness of the proposed ***,we present a method for balancing the training dataset by creating enhanced samples from the original *** balancing the dataset across all emotion categories,we can lessen the adverse effects of data imbalance on the accuracy of the proposed *** results on the MELD dataset show that TA-MERT outperforms earlier methods,achieving a weighted F1 score of 62.60%and an accuracy of 64.36%.Overall,the proposed TA-MERT model solves the GBN models’weaknesses in obtaining contextual data for ***-MERT model recognizes human emotions more accurately by employing text augmentation and transformer-based *** balanced dataset and the additional training samples also enhance its *** findings highlight the significance of transformer-based approaches for special emotion recognition in conversations.

关键词： Emotion recognition in conversation graph-based network text augmentation-basedmodel multimodal emotion lines dataset bidirectional encoder representation for transformer

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Grid-Forming PV System for Frequency Ancillary Services Provision 3

Grid-Forming PV System for Frequency Ancillary Services Prov...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Barac, Bojana Capuder, Tomislav Panteli, Mathaios University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Department of Energy and Power Systems Croatia University of Cyprus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

With the increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems posing challenges to power system stability, this paper investigates the effectiveness of grid-forming controlled PV systems in providing frequency ancillary services. The study implements the Virtual Synchronous Machine strategy, utilizing DC-link capacitor energy for inertial response provision (DCVQVSM), integrated within a grid-forming topology. To ensure power-frequency droop control, an additional control loop is introduced within the DCVQ-VSM topology. The efficacy of this control system is proved through simulations conducted on a simple two-bus system and a fully-electrified active distribution network (ADN). Both case studies demonstrate the successful operation of grid-forming controlled PV systems, highlighting their capability to influence power system frequency dynamics. The analysis underscores the significance of deloading PV operation in facilitating flexibility services provision, thereby enhancing the reliability and resilience of system operation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous machinery

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Metasurfaces for next-generation wireless communication systems

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 17-19页

作者： Younes Ra'di Nikita Nefedkin Petar Popovski Andrea Alù Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York

The pace of development in the world of 5G communication systems has proven to be much more demanding than previous generations, with 5G-Advanced seemingly around the corner [1]. Extensive research is already underway to structure the next generation of wireless systems(i.e. 6G), which may potentially enable an unprecedented level of human–machine interaction [2].

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A high speed dynamic comparator with automatic offset compensation

A high speed dynamic comparator with automatic offset compen...

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2024 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics and Telecommunications, PACET 2024

作者： Tsirmpas, George Kontelis, Spyros Souliotis, George Plessas, Fotis University of Patras Electronics Laboratory Physics Department Patras Greece University of Peloponnese Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Greece University of Thessaly Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Volos Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350318845

A high-speed dynamic comparator with automatic dc offset compensation is proposed in this paper. The comparator is based on a double-tail topology and reduces the dc offset by a calibration circuit. Avoiding using the commonly used capacitive calibration, it can operate at a higher speed compared to other topologies. Designed in a CMOS 65nm technology node, it operates with 1 V supply voltage and clock speed at 10 GHz. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Comparators (optical)

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DRA Overlapping Function Hardware Implementation Via Waveguide Beamformer

DRA Overlapping Function Hardware Implementation Via Wavegui...

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2024 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics and Telecommunications, PACET 2024

作者： Kaifas, T.N.F. Babas, D. Kyriacou, G. Sahalos, J. Democritus University of Thrace Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Xanthi Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Physics Thessaloniki Greece University of Nicosia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350318845

In the work at hand we present the design procedure of a waveguide beamformer network that implements the Direct Radiating Arrays' Overlapping Function. Such a design is notorious for its complexity and challenge since it should deliver wideband, dual polarization overlapped feeding to planar antenna arrays. Such a feeding network is to be viewed as a building block that would tile the background, on top of which the fed sub-array antenna elements would respectively tile the radiating aperture host area. Thus, each feeding network should provide ports on the lower face, (input feeding ports), the upper face, (input to antenna elements), but also to the side faces to provide overlapping. Here, utilizing transmission matrix factorization, the beamformer is designed as a cascade connection of elementary components, hybrids and phase shifters. The 3d actual implementation of the multiport network in a rectangular waveguide technology, supporting both polarizations, is indeed challenging. In the current work such a device is presented and its merit is demonstrated. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Waveguides

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An Ant-colony Based Model for Load Balancing in Fog Environments

Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations

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Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations 2023年第1期10卷 4-20页

作者： Mirtaheri, Seyedeh Leili Azari, Mahya Greco, Sergio Arianian, Ehsan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Modeling Electronics and Systems University of Calabria Italy Tehran Iran

Delay-sensitive applications are becoming more and more in demand as a result of the development of information systems and the expansion of communication in cloud computing technologies. Some of these requests will be overlooked in cloud environments due to the communication delay between the processing center and the client’s request. The ‘fog-based computing paradigm’, a novel processing model, can be added to cloud computing to help with the aforementioned issues. The performance of computing systems is always influenced by latency. In this paper, we focus on balancing the load on the fog nodes to lower the latency. It is also a crucial component of fog computing devices. It necessitates the use of load-balancing algorithms to select the optimal hosts, resulting in an even distribution of the load on the available *** provide a load-balancing approach based on the Ant-colony optimization algorithm’s latency rate for responding to tasks. A random data set evaluation of this model reveals shorter response times than those of earlier strategies suggested in this field. © The Authors 2023. This paper is published with open access at ***

关键词： Fog

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Cybersecurity Landscape on Remote State Estimation:A Comprehensive Review

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 851-865页

作者： Jing Zhou Jun Shang Tongwen Chen the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 1H9Canada the Department of Control Science and Engineering and Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)have emerged as an essential area of research in the last decade,providing a new paradigm for the integration of computational and physical units in modern control *** state estimation(RSE)is an indispensable functional module of ***,it has been demonstrated that malicious agents can manipulate data packets transmitted through unreliable channels of RSE,leading to severe estimation performance *** paper aims to present an overview of recent advances in cyber-attacks and defensive countermeasures,with a specific focus on integrity attacks against ***,two representative frameworks for the synthesis of optimal deception attacks with various performance metrics and stealthiness constraints are discussed,which provide a deeper insight into the vulnerabilities of ***,a detailed review of typical attack detection and resilient estimation algorithms is included,illustrating the latest defensive measures safeguarding RSE from ***,some prevalent attacks impairing the confidentiality and data availability of RSE are examined from both attackers'and defenders'***,several challenges and open problems are presented to inspire further exploration and future research in this field.

关键词： Cyber-attacks Kalman filtering remote state estimation unreliable transmission channels

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