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2023 Italia Intelligenza Artificiale - Thematic Workshops, Ital-IA 2023

作者： Pintor, Maura Orrú, Giulia Maiorca, Davide Demontis, Ambra Demetrio, Luca Marcialis, Gian Luca Biggio, Battista Roli, Fabio Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Italy Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genova Italy

We present here the main research topics and activities on the design, security, safety, and robustness of machine learning models developed at the Pattern Recognition and Applications Laboratory (PRALab) of the University of Cagliari. Our findings have significantly contributed to identifying and characterizing the vulnerability of such models to adversarial attacks in the context of real-world applications and proposing robust techniques to make these models more reliable in security-critical scenarios. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Machine learning

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Adaptive Robust Control Integrated With Gaussian Processes for Quadrotors: Enhanced Accuracy, Fault Tolerance and Anti-Disturbance

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IEEE Transactions on systems, Man, and Cybernetics: systems 2025年第5期55卷 3235-3248页

作者： Liang, Weisheng Amer, Abdelhakim Mehndiratta, Mohit Chen, Zheng Yao, Bin Kayacan, Erdal Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Hangzhou310027 China Aarhus University Artificial Intelligence in Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus8000 Denmark GIM Robotics Espoo02650 Finland Zhejiang University Ocean College Ocean Research Center of Zhoushan Zhoushan316021 China Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering West Lafayette47907 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Paderborn33098 Germany

With increasingly challenging applications for quadrotors, higher requirements are emerging for tracking accuracy and safety. While high accuracy is a prerequisite for complex tasks, safety is ensured through tolerance to actuator faults and resistance to external disturbances. In this article, adaptive robust control (ARC) integrated with Gaussian processes (GPs), i.e., ARC-GP, is proposed to achieve enhanced accuracy, fault tolerance, and anti-disturbance. These three requirements are interrelated and affected by uncertainties. The primary idea of this article is to categorize uncertainties into parametric and nonparametric types, which are then addressed through parameter adaptation and GP, respectively. First, a detailed dynamic model is established, including actuator models that reflect different types of faults corresponding to changes in different physical parameters. Then, parameter adaptation is designed, with direct and indirect methods adopted for different parameters. In particular, the actuator parameters are effectively estimated to achieve targeted fault compensation. Regarding GP for nonparametric uncertainties, its model parameters are also updated via parameter adaptation. The GP thereby also learns parameter estimation errors along with external disturbances. Accordingly, ARC controllers are designed, for which robust feedback terms are constructed to further mitigate uncertainties on the basis of the covariances predicted by GP. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed ARC-GP can actively tolerate various types of actuator faults and better resist wind disturbances. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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AI Security and Safety: The PRALab Research Experience

AI Security and Safety: The PRALab Research Experience

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2023 Italia Intelligenza Artificiale - Thematic Workshops, Ital-IA 2023

作者： Demontis, Ambra Pintor, Maura Demetrio, Luca Sotgiu, Angelo Angioni, Daniele Piras, Giorgio Gupta, Srishti Biggio, Battista Roli, Fabio Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Italy Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genova Italy Italy

We present here the main research topics and activities on security, safety, and robustness of machine learning models developed at the Pattern Recognition and Applications (PRA) Laboratory of the University of Cagliari. We have provided pioneering contributions to this research area, being the first to demonstrate gradient-based attacks to craft adversarial examples and training data poisoning attacks. The findings of our research have significantly contributed not only to identifying and characterizing vulnerabilities of such models in the context of real-world applications but also to the development of more trustworthy artificial intelligence and machine learning models. We are part of the ELSA network of excellence for the development of safe and secure AI-based technologies, funded by the European Union. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Machine learning

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Segmentation of Retina Vessels in 2D OCT-Reconstructed Fundus Images with 3D UNet 26

Segmentation of Retina Vessels in 2D OCT-Reconstructed Fundu...

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26th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2023

作者： Marciniak, Tomasz Stankiewicz, Agnieszka Zaradzki, Przemyslaw Poznan University of Technology Division of Electronic Systems and Signal Processing Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics Department of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304985

This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of blood vessel segmentation in human retinal images. The segmentation process was carried out for three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans using the author's publicly available CAVRI-C database. A 3D version of the U-Net artificial neural network was used. Various dimensions of the input blocks were investigated to determine their influence on the segmentation process. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated using various metrics and the results obtained were compared with the 2D solution, also based on neural networks. The use of the proposed solutions allowed us to improve the segmentation even by 15% (in the case of the F1-score). © 2023 Division of Signal Processing and Electronic systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： Optical tomography

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A deep learning-based model for automated STN localization using local field potentials in Parkinson’s disease

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2343-2362页

作者： Hosny, Mohamed Naeem, Mohamed A. Zhu, Minwei Gao, Wenpeng Elshenhab, Ahmed M. Fu, Yili Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

Accurate identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders is time-consuming, relying heavily on the neurosurgeon expertise in manually interpreting the electrophysiological signals. Local field potentials (LFPs) have garnered imperative attention due to their strong correlation with the STN. However, existing detection models often face challenges with high computational complexity, hyperparameter optimization and lack of explainability, making them unreliable for clinicians. Therefore, this study introduces an explanatory framework using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting the STN region from LFPs. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to convert LFPs signals into scalogram images, which are then processed by sixteen CNN models. We evaluated our framework by examining the impact of various limiting factors on the classification performance, including model size, learning rate (LR), optimizers and data scaling. Deep features are extracted from the top-performing CNN architectures to capture rich representations of the scalograms. These features are then fused and classified using k-nearest neighbour algorithm. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping is used to explain the decisions made by the proposed model. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.61%, outperforming individual CNN models for STN localization. The experimental results revealed that CNN models, embedded with additional hyperparameters and layers, generally outperformed smaller models. Besides, low LR significantly enhanced the performance compared to high LR. Moreover, features extracted from untuned networks produced lower performance than tuned networks. The proposed system could revolutionize deep brain stimulation surgery by increasing efficiency and reducing reliance on clinician expertise for STN detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Model Predictive Torque Control of Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motors Based on Improved Voltage Vector Strategy

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 7650-7661页

作者： Yang, Yifei Sun, Xiaodong Dianov, Anton Demidova, Galina Prakht, Vladimir Wang, Yong Han, Shouyi Suzhou Vocational University School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Suzhou215104 China Jiangsu University Automotive Engineering Research Institute Zhenjiang212013 China Wenzhou University Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Wenzhou325035 China ITMO University Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics Petersburg197101 Russia Ural Federal University Department of Electrical Engineering Ekaterinburg620062 Russia Jiangsu University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhenjiang212013 China

To rapidly and accurately establish the model of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) and enhance torque control performance, this paper proposes a model predictive torque control (MPTC) strategy based on the optimized voltage vector. First, a fourth-order Fourier series is used to calculate the flux and torque models, and a complete nonlinear model of the SRM is constructed using the Kriging model. Second, the torque characteristics are used to divide the sectors, thereby reducing the number of candidate voltage vectors (CVVs) and effectively decreasing the computational burden of predictive control. Finally, an adaptive adjustment algorithm for the sector boundary angle is proposed, where the position of the sectors is determined based on variations in speed and load. The proposed method reduces torque ripple and enhances dynamic response capability. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through experiments on a 12/10 pole six-phase SRM prototype. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Vectors

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FAIR-FATE: Fair Federated Learning with Momentum 23rd

FAIR-FATE: Fair Federated Learning with Momentum

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23rd International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2023

作者： Salazar, Teresa Fernandes, Miguel Araújo, Helder Abreu, Pedro Henriques Centre for Informatics and Systems Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031359941

While fairness-aware machine learning algorithms have been receiving increasing attention, the focus has been on centralized machine learning, leaving decentralized methods underexplored. Federated Learning is a decentralized form of machine learning where clients train local models with a server aggregating them to obtain a shared global model. Data heterogeneity amongst clients is a common characteristic of Federated Learning, which may induce or exacerbate discrimination of unprivileged groups defined by sensitive attributes such as race or gender. In this work we propose FAIR-FATE: a novel FAIR FederATEd Learning algorithm that aims to achieve group fairness while maintaining high utility via a fairness-aware aggregation method that computes the global model by taking into account the fairness of the clients. To achieve that, the global model update is computed by estimating a fair model update using a Momentum term that helps to overcome the oscillations of non-fair gradients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach in machine learning that aims to achieve fairness using a fair Momentum estimate. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that FAIR-FATE outperforms state-of-the-art fair Federated Learning algorithms under different levels of data heterogeneity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Momentum

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Quantitative Analysis of Ankle Spasticity Through Electromyography Signal

Quantitative Analysis of Ankle Spasticity Through Electromyo...

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2024 Medical Technologies Congress, TIPTEKNO 2024

作者： Gurluk, Ayse Bilal, Hafiz Muhammad Hocaoglu, Elif Living Robotics Laboratory Graduate School of Health Sciences Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Program Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Turkey Living Robotics Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences Electrical-Electronics Engineering and Cyber-Systems Program Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Turkey Living Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529819

This study presents a more accurate evaluation method for assessing ankle spasticity compared to conventional goniometric techniques by utilizing measurements obtained from Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and surface electromyography (sEMG) devices. Integrating IMU and EMG sensors provides substantial benefits for accurately determining the range of motion (ROM) associated with spasticity during targeted movements. In this study, the proposed method provides precise measurement and an objective evaluation of onset time detection of antagonistic muscle co-contraction, and accordingly the ROM of the actuated joint. Moreover, the implementation of cost-effective wearable sensors enables the monitoring of muscle spasticity in clinical environments and can be particularly valuable in regions with limited access to experienced therapists, providing a more efficient approach to tracking spasticity levels. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electromyography

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Dynamic Construction and Adaptation of 3D Virtual Network Topology for UAV-Assisted Data Collection

Dynamic Construction and Adaptation of 3D Virtual Network To...

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2023 IEEE INFOCOM Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, INFOCOM WKSHPS 2023

作者： Qiu, Chen Wang, Xianbin Shen, Weiming Lee, Richard Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering London Canada General Dynamics Land Systems London Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494274

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) assisted data collection from on ground devices and sensors is becoming more useful in many mission-critical applications. However, meeting the data collection requirements under dynamic channel conditions between the UAV and on ground devices relies on frequent information exchanges, which brings great challenges to the dynamic operation of the integrated UAV network due to its inherent complexity. To rapidly obtain a holistic view in assisting the UAV network operation, we first propose a three-dimensional (3D) virtual network topology which helps the UAV to make faster decisions by analyzing refined virtual indicators instead of measuring and processing related physical factors frequently in real time. To improve the efficiency of UAV data collection, dynamic adaptation of the 3D virtual network topology is achieved by a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) based algorithm, where the UAV flying speed and direction, as well as the determination of the target group of on ground devices are optimized under the UAV energy constraint. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DDPG-based dynamic adaptation of the 3D virtual network topology can effectively improve the data collection efficiency compared with the benchmark solutions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Topology

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Optimal control of electric automated buses in intercity lines: scenario-based analysis of the Pareto-optimal solutions

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第10期58卷 37-42页

作者： C. Pasquale S. Sacone S. Siri A. Ferrara Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genova Italy Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Italy

This paper deals with the optimal control of electric and automated buses that have to follow an intercity line, where some stops are equipped with a flash-charging infrastructure to charge the batteries, while others are not. In order to control these buses, it is necessary to account for the traffic conditions along the roads of the bus line, and to minimize two objectives related to the deviations from the bus timetable and the lack of energy, at the end of the bus trip, with respect to a desired final energy level. The resulting optimal control problem is a multi-objective linear quadratic problem with both continuous and integer variables. In this paper, we propose and apply two methods based on lexicographic ordering aimed at determining the Pareto-optimal solutions of the control problem in twelve scenarios inspired by a real case.

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