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Multi-Scale Analysis Combined Operando Elemental/Spectroscopic Measurement Techniques in Oxide-Type All-Solid-State Na Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2025年第2期8卷 38-47页

作者： Koji Hiraoka Kazuo Yamamoto Takeshi Kobayashi Tetsuo Sakamoto Shiro Seki Graduate School of Engineering Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Program Kogakuin University Nanostructures Research Laboratory Japan Fine Ceramics Center Energy Transformation Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Graduate School of Engineering Electrical Engineering and Electronics Program Kogakuin University

Understanding the charge/discharge mechanism of batteries plays an important role in the development of high-performance systems,but extremely complicated reactions are *** these complex phenomena are also bottlenecks for the establishment of all-sol id-state batteries(ASSB),we conducted multi-scale analysis using combined multi-measurement techniques,to directly observe charge/discharge reactions at hierarchical scales for the oxide-type ASSB using Na as the carrier *** particular,all of measurement techniques are applied to cross-section ASSB in the same cell,to complementarily evaluate the elemental distributions and structural *** Operando scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,the Na concentration in the electrode layers changes on the micrometer scale under charge/discharge reactions in the first ***,Operando Raman spectroscopy reveal changes in the bonding states at the atomic scale in the active material,including changes in reversible structural *** cycling the ASSB,the elemental distributions are clearly observed along with the particle shapes and can reveal the Na migration mechanism at the nanometer scale,by time-of-flight secondary ion mass ***,this study can provide a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of the charge/discharge mechanism by observing reaction processes at multiple scales.

关键词： Operando oxide-type all-solid-state battery Raman SEM-EDS sodium battery TOF-SIMS

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Multi-Row Guiding Template Design for Lamellar Directed Self-Assembly with Self-Aligned Via Process

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ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 2025年第2期30卷 1-17页

作者： Lin, Yi-Ting Fan, Kang-Ting Jiang, Iris Hui-Ru National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers can generate tiny and dense layout features, holding great potential for patterning vias and contacts at advanced nodes. Existing studies mainly focused on guiding template design for cylindrical DSA, but by leveraging self-aligned via process, lamellar DSA can form vias to be immune to placement errors and free of a uniform pitch between vias, which cylindrical DSA suffers from. The state-of-the-art guiding template design for lamellar DSA can handle only single-row templates, thus limiting the flexibility of via grouping. Therefore, in this article, we explore further and propose a novel and general multi-row guiding template design approach. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art work on both mask conflicts and short guiding templates, and requires much less computation time. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Design for manufacturability

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Reduced-RSS: Reduced Residual Search Space for Nash Bargaining Solutions

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8215-8225页

作者： Cha, Chaeyeon Park, Hyunggon Ewha Womans University Graduate Program in Smart Factory Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Seoul03760 Korea Republic of

A fair and efficient resource allocation is crucial to maximize the efficiency of vehicular networks with time-varying resources among dynamically changing vehicles. The Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) from the cooperative game theory has been one of the fair and optimal resource management solutions for multiple users. However, the computational complexity required to find the NBS for general utility functions exponentially increases either as the number of users increases or as the resources change over time. This is because the size of bargaining sets where the NBS should be found changes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reduce the size of the search spaces by considering the adjacent bargaining sets correlated by resource changes. We use the axiom of independence of linear transformations in NBS for the linear approximation of NBS in the adjacent bargaining sets based on its linear transform, leading to reduced residual search space. Moreover, we prove that the NBS is always included in the reduced residual search space based on the axiom of independence of irrelevant alternatives in NBS. Through simulations and experiments on synthetic and real traffic data, we demonstrate that the complexity of existing algorithms for NBS is lowered with the reduced residual search spaces. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： NIST Resource management Heuristic algorithms Vectors Dynamical systems Computational complexity Accuracy Vehicle dynamics Dynamic scheduling System performance

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A Diffusion-Model-Based Methodology for Virtual Silicon Data Generation

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2025年第5期72卷 2138-2145页

作者： Chen, Liang-Yu Kao, Michael Chen, Shih-Hao Yang, Chia-Hsiang National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Hsinchu302047 Taiwan National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan

Silicon data allow designers to enhance the chip performance by leveraging machine learning techniques. By gaining a deeper understanding of the distributions of interested features within a wafer, designers can predict chip behaviors more accurately. However, real silicon data may not always be available. This work presents a methodology for generating high-quality synthetic silicon data and verifies its effectiveness through several metrics. Silicon features obtained by chip probing (CP) and wafer acceptance test (WAT) are combined to create more comprehensive data, enabling to conduct design-technology co-optimization (DTCO). Unlike the generative adversarial network (GAN) based methodology used in prior work, this work utilizes a diffusion model to generate synthetic silicon data. The Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence similarity and Frechet Inception Distance (FID) are used to evaluate the distribution and to quantify the quality of synthetic data, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the diffusion model is able to extract the multi-feature silicon data distribution more accurately, with an average JS divergence similarity of 0.987 and an FID of 6.28. This methodology enables to generate a substantial volume of silicon samples for extensive silicon data analysis and DTCO acceleration. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceptance tests

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Impact of Latency and Packet Error on Communication in Centralized Microgrid Control: Modeling and Guidelines

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 82732-82746页

作者： Lucaschaves, Lucas S. Callegari, Joao Marcus S. Araujo, Lucas S. Brandao, Danilo I. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte31270-901 Brazil Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais Department of Electrical Engineering Nepomuceno30575-180 Brazil

This paper proposes a novel dynamic model in the Laplace domain for an advanced ac microgrid with centralized secondary control. The model applies a centralized power-based control strategy and incorporates communication non-idealities such as latency and packet error. Packet loss and communication failure are considered herein as latency issues. The central controller incorporates an anti-aliasing filter that constrains the frequency of the transmitted signal and the packet transmission rate in compliance with Nyquist’s sampling theorem. The model is validated on a test bench, with experimental implementation of the communication system and central controller, and a real-time simulation of the electrical power system via hardware-in-the-loop. The impact of latency on the controller’s performance is evaluated through stability, control bandwidth, load rejection bandwidth, settling time, and rejection of packet errors. The results show that communication latency directly impacts the controller’s performance, affecting all analyzed performance metrics. Meanwhile, the cutoff frequency of anti-aliasing filter and packet transmission rate influence control stability, response dynamics, and the system ability to reject load variations and packet errors. Finally, the paper proposes a flowchart-based guideline for configuring the microgrid central controller and selecting communication technologies to implement ancillary services with predefined durations in advanced microgrids. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Signaling

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Fracture Detection in Bone Tissue Models Using H-Slot Shaped Transceiver Resonators

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 151卷 81-89页

作者： Moyo, Wongani Allam, Ahmed Tanemasa, Asano Abdel-Rahman, Adel B. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering EJUST Alexandria New Borg El-Arab City21934 Egypt Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Nishi Ku Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena83523 Egypt

In this paper, a novel H-slot resonator of size 30 mm×20 mm×1.56 mm for fracture detection, backed with a perfect electric conductor (PEC), designed at 2.54 GHz is presented, and its performance is evaluated. Concurrently, an equivalent circuit model of the resonator is developed, and its performance coherently agrees with the CST model. The design is tested using a hybrid tissue phantom based on a second-order Debye dielectric tissue model. The detection of fractures of several thicknesses with a minimum width of 2 mm and a maximum of 10 mm was compared. Overall, the proposed design improves the detection of fractured regions in a bone with a 2 mm crack width as the smallest detectable crack size. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bone

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Variable Length Multi-Objective Whale Optimization for Trust Aware Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Network

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 32100-32121页

作者： Saad, Mohammed Ayad Jaafar, Rosmina Chellappan, Kalaivani Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Department of Electrical Electronics and System Engineering Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Al-Kitab University Department of Medical Instrumentations Technique Engineering Kirkuk36001 Iraq Universitas Airlangga Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Surabaya60115 Indonesia

Efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is crucial. While traditional approaches rely on stationary data sinks, the use of mobile sinks, like unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), has shown promise in enhancing data-gathering capabilities. However, existing methods often overlook the importance of trust, leaving the network susceptible to malicious or faulty nodes. To address this issue, we propose a novel trust-aware data-gathering algorithm, Variable Length Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Data Gathering (VLMOWO-DG). Our algorithm simultaneously optimizes energy consumption, delay, and trust while employing mobile sinks to collect data from sensor nodes. By considering trust as a key performance metric, we improve data reliability and security. The VLMOWO-DG algorithm introduces flexibility through variable-length solution representation and application-oriented operators, allowing for efficient exploration of the solution space. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms established benchmarks, NSGA-II and NSGA-III, in terms of domination and hypervolume. This leads to a remarkable improvement of 200% in data gathering performance. © 2015 The Authors.

关键词： Data collection

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Comprehensive study on fabrication, characterization and performance evaluation of Ag/TiO_x/ITO and Au/Ag/TiO_x/ITO memristors

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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in electronics 2025年第14期36卷 1-18页

作者： Saka, Kubra Gokcen, Dincer Efkere, Halil Ibrahim Bayram, Cem Ozcelik, Suleyman Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Erzurum Technical University Erzurum Turkey Photonics Application and Research Center Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Graduate School of Science and Engineering Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey Department of Photonics Faculty of Applied Sciences Gazi University Ankara Turkey

The structure of electrodes and active materials in memristors plays a critical role in determining their electrical behavior. This study primarily focuses on Ag/TiOₓ/ITO and Au/Ag/TiOₓ/ITO memristors incorporating titanium oxide (TiOₓ) thin films with varying thicknesses (25, 50, and 100 nm), deposited via RF magnetron sputtering onto ITO-coated glass substrates. Comprehensive surface characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to examine the morphological, structural, and chemical properties of the films. SEM–EDX mapping revealed thickness dependent elemental distributions. AFM analysis showed increased surface roughness (1.69 to 2.15 nm) and grain size (60 to 90 nm) with increasing film thickness. XPS measurements conducted at 8-week intervals provided insights into the oxidation behavior of Ag electrodes and their surface chemistry evolution over time. Raman analysis confirmed the presence of anatase and rutile phases in the titanium oxide thin films, as evidenced by the characteristic peaks observed at 196.83 cm⁻¹ and 607.43 cm⁻¹, respectively. Focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-EDX were also utilized to investigate elemental boundaries between the layers. Bipolar resistive switching behavior, without the need for any electroforming process, was observed in all devices within 7 days of fabrication and remained stable throughout 1000 current–voltage (I–V) cycles. After 8 weeks of storage, further endurance tests were conducted using ± 1.5 V SET and RESET voltages, with HRS and LRS values measured at a read voltage of 0.5 V. Notably, the highest HRS/LRS ratio of 16.07 was achieved in the Ag/TiO_x/ITO memristor with a 100 nm TiO_x layer. These findings underscore the critical influence of oxide thick

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Physically Aware Wavelength-Routed Optical NoC Design for Customized Topologies with Parallel Switching Elements and Sequence-Based Models 25

Physically Aware Wavelength-Routed Optical NoC Design for Cu...

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30th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference, ASP-DAC 2025

作者： Kao, Wei-Yao Lin, Tai-Jung Chang, Yao-Wen Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate School of Advanced Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706356

The wavelength-routed optical network-on-chip (WRONoC) is a promising solution for system-on-chip designs. Recent work in the WRONoC topology designs mainly utilizes crossing switching elements (CSEs) as switching mechanisms on predefined templates. However, using CSEs incurs more microring resonator (MRR) usage and waveguide crossings than parallel switching elements (PSEs), and their predefined templates constrain the solution spaces. To remedy these disadvantages, we propose a fully automated topology design flow that utilizes PSE structures to reduce MRR usage and waveguide crossings. Our add-drop filter sequence model expands the solution space and leverages the advantage of the crossing-free PSE structure. Our fixed-node crossing-aware edge routing effectively minimizes the waveguide crossings, and our A∗-search preserves the admissibility property and guarantees an optimal routing solution. Besides, our design flow thoroughly considers the physical layout information. Experimental results show that our design substantially outperforms state-of-the-art works on customized designs. © 2025 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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An Ensemble-Based Classifier to Determine the Harmonic Contribution Responsibility Between Utility’s Grid and Microgrids

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 85873-85881页

作者： Mella, Matheus C. Fernandes, Ricardo A.S Barbosa, Daniel Federal University of São Carlos Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering São Carlos Brazil University of São Paulo São Carlos School of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering São Carlos Brazil Federal University of Bahia Department of Electrical Engineering Salvador Brazil

The integration of nonlinear loads and distributed energy resources in microgrids (MG) has increased the levels of harmonic distortions in distribution feeders. Identifying the responsibility for the harmonic distortions measured at the MG’s point of common coupling (PCC) is essential for managing the power quality. For this purpose, the present paper aims to determine whether the responsibility predominates from the utility’s grid or the MG itself. Thus, an ensemble-based approach was proposed, comparing the behaviour of Random Forest and XGBoost classifiers to identify the side with the predominant harmonic contribution. In order to validate the proposed approach, scenarios were simulated in the IEEE 34-node test feeder using the ATP/ATPDraw software, considering the harmonic sources located at different nodes of the feeder. Three-phase voltage and current signals were acquired at MG’s PCC to train and validate the ensembles. However, a feature extraction stage was performed to obtain time and frequency features used as inputs to the predictive models. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach effectively identified the contribution side, achieving an average F₁-score above 99% for both ensembles, representing a feasible solution for determining the harmonic distortion responsibilities at the MG’s PCC. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Harmonic contribution harmonic distortion machine learning power distribution systems power quality

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