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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Eduardo A. Barcelos Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Daniel M. Muñoz Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

With the advancement of semiconductor technologies, the need for efficient power management solutions in integrated systems, such as RISC-V architecture-based microcontrollers, becomes increasingly critical. However, there is a lack of studies comparing current reference architectures in terms of performance and robustness, particularly in 22nm technologies. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of two current reference designs implemented in the same technology-referred to as Reference Design A and Reference Design B. We focus on their approaches to thermal compensation, supply stability, and layout optimizations. Through simulations and experimental tests, we evaluate the performance of each design within a power management system that includes DC-DC converters and LDO regulators. Our results indicate that Design A exhibits superior power supply rejection with a PSRR of -85 dB, while Design B demonstrates enhanced energy efficiency and thermal stability, achieving a nominal current of 5.14 μA and a temperature coefficient of 16.21 ppm. These findings underscore the importance of balancing energy efficiency, thermal stability, and power supply variation rejection when selecting current references for low-power, high-reliability applications, such as those in the Internet of Things (IoT).

关键词： Resistance Microcontrollers Power system management Stability criteria Energy efficiency Robustness Circuit stability Thermal analysis Internet of Things Thermal stability

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Power Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Due to the Favorable Horizontal Orientation of a Naphthyridine-Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminophore

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ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2023年第2期5卷 1013-1023页

作者： Keruckiene, Rasa Vijaikis, Eimantas Chen, Chia-Hsun Lin, Bo-Yen Huang, Jing-Xiang Chu, Chun-Chieh Dzeng, Yi-Chung Chen, Chi Lee, Jiun-Haw Chiu, Tien-Lung Macionis, Simas Keruckas, Jonas Butkute, Rita Grazulevicius, Juozas Vidas Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology Kaunas University of Technology K. Barsausko St. 59 KaunasLT-50254 Lithuania Materials Science and Engineering and Physics Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Opto-Electronics Engineering National Dong Hwa University Hualien974301 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Chung-Li32003 Taiwan

Four emitters based on the naphthyridine acceptor moiety and various donor units exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) were designed and synthesized. The emitters exhibited excellent TADF properties with a small ΔEST and a high photoluminescence quantum yield. A green TADF organic light-emitting diode based on 10-(4-(1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-10H-phenothiazine exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 16.4% with Commission Internationale de L’éclairage coordinates of (0.368, 0.569) as well as a high current and power efficiency of 58.6 cd/A and 57.1 lm/W, respectively. The supreme power efficiency is a record-high value among the reported values of devices with naphthyridine-based emitters. This results from its high photoluminescence quantum yield, efficient TADF, and horizontal molecular orientation. The molecular orientations of the films of the host and the host doped with the naphthyridine emitter were explored by angle-dependent photoluminescence and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The orientation order parameters (ΘADPL) were found to be 0.37, 0.45, 0.62, and 0.74 for the naphthyridine dopants with dimethylacridan, carbazole, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine donor moieties, respectively. These results were also proven by GIWAXS measurement. The derivative of naphthyridine and phenothiazine was shown to be more flexible to align with the host and to show the favorable horizontal molecular orientation and crystalline domain size, benefiting the outcoupling efficiency and contributing to the device efficiency. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Photoluminescence

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Real Time Chest X-Ray Interpretation Applying Vision Transformer for Tuberculosis Detection

Real Time Chest X-Ray Interpretation Applying Vision Transfo...

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International Conference on Computer engineering, Network and Intelligent Multimedia (CENIM)

作者： Muhammad Irhamsyah Roslidar Yunidar M. Al Lail Qadrillah Nasaruddin Fitri Arnia Khairul Munadi Post Graduate Program in Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas

ISBN: (数字)9798350368802

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368819

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can attack the lungs and other organs. In the diagnosis of TB, the interpretation of X-ray radiological images requires special skills from medical specialists. However, the lack of experience of medical personnel and focus on X-ray examinations can be a challenge for radiologists because it has the potential to cause diagnostic errors in image interpretation. Therefore, we proposed a web-based application of real-time chest X-ray interpreter by integrating the deep learning model of Vision Transformer (ViT) to interpret chest X-ray images. The inference model was trained and tested on 652 normal and 652 tuberculosis X-ray images. The data preprocessing of Contrast Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) was implemented to increase chest X-ray image contrast as well as inference model performance. The proposed real time system can inteprete the tested chest x-ray images with an accuracy of 95% and with simulation duration time of 4.7 seconds.

关键词： Adaptation models Computer vision Accuracy Sensitivity Tuberculosis Data preprocessing Transformers Real-time systems X-ray imaging Medical diagnostic imaging

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Latest Wind and Solar Curtailment Information: statistics and future estimations in various countries/areas 22

Latest Wind and Solar Curtailment Information: statistics an...

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22nd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop, WIW 2023

作者： Yasuda, Yoh Flynn, Damian Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio Holttinen, Hannele Martinez, Sergio Martin Graduate School of Economics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland Department of Electrical Engineering Electronics Automation and Communications Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete Spain Ricognis Vantaa Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781839539824

An international research collaboration under IEA (the International Energy Agency) Wind TCP (Technical Collaboration programme) Task 25 (Design and Operation of Energy Systems with large amount of Variable Generation) has previously performed an international comparison analysis on the curtailment of wind and solar power in various countries/areas in the world in 2022. This paper gives a comparison overview of the curtailment rates, presented as C-E maps (curtailment as a share of VRE and power system demand). As previous statistical data was as until 2020, some data has been updated. The latest information and the future estimations of curtailment in several countries/areas are summarised, including Ireland, California and Texas in U.S., and Japan. We also discuss the possible impacts of battery storage and demand response, which may contribute to reduced wind & solar curtailment, despite very high VRE (variable renewable energy) shares. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： Solar energy

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A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Microcontroller for IoT Applications

A 22nm CMOS PFM Buck Converter Used in a 32-Bit RISC-V Micro...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Luiz H. N. Oliveira Wellington A. Amaral Sandro A. P. Haddad Daniel M. Muñoz Eduardo A. Barcelos Vinícius V. M. Sotero Emmanuel K. M. Jonhson Pâmela R. A. N. Campagnucci Luis V. N. Lima Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Technology Mechatronics Graduate Program University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Faculty of Gama Electronics Engineering Undergraduate Program

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

The demand for efficient power management solutions in electronic devices has increased significantly, especially for microcontrollers operating in low-power modes. This article presents the design and implementation of a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM)-based buck converter for applications in 32-bit microcontrollers using 22nm CMOS technology. The methodology involves the development of a Constant On Time (COT) architecture that maintains a fixed duration for the activation of the high-side MOSFET, using a monostable multivibrator to generate the necessary timing signals. The converter's performance was simulated under various load conditions and process corners to evaluate its efficiency and output characteristics. The results show that the proposed buck converter achieves high efficiency, with peak values above 95%, while maintaining a low output ripple. Specifically, the converter exhibits an efficiency of 93.4% at a load of 1mA, with output ripple voltages as low as 2.20 mV under ideal conditions. The contributions of this work lie in the advancement of PFM converter technology for modern microcontroller applications, demonstrating the potential of 22nm CMOS processes to improve power efficiency and performance.

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Performance evaluation MOSFET Buck converters Microcontrollers Power system management Multivibrators Timing Internet of Things Load modeling

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Enhancing the Performance of E-Mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs With Recessed Gates Through Low-Damage Neutral Beam Etching and Post-Metallization Annealing

IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology

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IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology 2023年 4卷 150-155页

作者： Chen, Yi-Ho Ohori, Daisuke Aslam, Muhammad Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Samukawa, Seiji National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Tohoku University Institute of Fluid Science Sendai980-8577 Japan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Institute of Communications Engineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

This study investigated the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with varied recess depths under the gate electrode. We demonstrated a recess depth of approximately 6 nm, which was achieved through neutral beam etching (NBE) technique with a low etch rate of 1.8 nm/min, resulting in device enhancement-mode (E-mode) behavior with threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.49 V. The effects of post-metallization annealing (PMA) on the device performance were also examined. The results revealed that PMA treatment improves the DC characteristics of the devices, including maximum drain current (IDMAX), transconductance (gm), subthreshold swing (SS), on-off ratio, and off-state leakage current, with maximum enhancement percentage of 18.3% for IDMAX, 3758% for on-off ratio, and 54.3% for SS. Moreover, this study compared the recess depths of metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with the SiN dielectric layer. The results showed that MIS-HEMTs exhibit more negative Vth values, which can be attributed to the controlled surface states achieved through passivation. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Etching

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Pure Pursuit Method with Variable Ratio of Front- and Rear-wheel Steering Angles for Four-wheel Independent Steering Vehicles

Pure Pursuit Method with Variable Ratio of Front- and Rear-w...

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems ( ICCAS)

作者： Narumi Nogami Yuma Ozu Yoshifumi Morita Yuta Suzuki Tomoya Takahashi Department of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Program Nagoya Institute of Technology Aichi Japan DENSO Corporation Aichi Japan

ISBN: (数字)9788993215380

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517939

Expectations are rising for four-wheel independently steered vehicles due to their high degree of freedom. However, inputting an appropriate steering angle to each wheel is necessary. Therefore, we propose a path-tracking control method for four-wheel independently steered vehicles using the pure pursuit method. The pure pursuit method is used as a path-tracking algorithm for self-driving cars because of its ease of implementation, but the method must be applied to turning movements by various independent steering patterns of four-wheel independently steered vehicles. Therefore, we develop a new pure pursuit method that enables the steering angle ratio of the front and rear wheels to be changed and allows the center of the vehicle to follow the path. The simulation results showed that the proposed method enabled a four-wheel independently steered vehicle to follow the road under any steering angle ratio of the front and rear wheels. By adjusting the look-ahead distance, we confirmed that the vehicle did not deviate from the road width. In addition, we confirmed that when the curvature of the road changed significantly, a contradictory relationship existed between the vehicles path-tracking performance and the magnitude of the vehicle's lateral acceleration.

关键词： Automation Roads Simulation Wheels Turning Control systems Autonomous automobiles

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Study of monolithically integrated 940 nm AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors on graded GaAsP/bulk Si substrates

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Optical Materials Express 2023年第4期13卷 1077-1091页

作者： Guo, Jia Zhao, Yunlong Feifel, Markus Cheng, Hao-Tien Yang, Yun-Cheng Chrostowski, Lukas Lackner, David Wu, Chao-Hsin Xia, Guangrui Department of Materials Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6 T 1Z4 Canada Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Heidenhofstraße 2 Freiburg79110 Germany Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6 T 1Z4 Canada

We report the fabrication of monolithically integrated 940 nm AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) on graded GaAsP/Si substrates. Low-density surface bumps and cross-hatch patterns were observed on the DBR surfaces. Cross-sectional DBR layers are smooth and flat. The reflectance spectra of the GaAsP/Si DBRs have lower intensities than those of the GaAs DBRs and have double peaks. Transfer matrix method calculations, surface scratch and polishing tests were conducted, which suggest that the surface cross-hatch was the cause of the inferior DBR reflectance spectra. © 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Graph-Based Simultaneous Placement and Routing for Two-Dimensional Directed Self-Assembly Technology 23

Graph-Based Simultaneous Placement and Routing for Two-Dimen...

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Proceedings of the 60th Annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference

作者： Wei-Hsu Chen Yao-Wen Chang Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323481

Two-dimensional directed self-assembly (2D-DSA) is an emerging lithography technology for advanced process nodes. We can determine the orientations of double posts to guide block copolymers to form feasible 2D guiding template patterns by the 2D-DSA process. This paper presents the first work to handle the 2D-DSA simultaneous placement and routing problem. We first propose a novel graph to model feasible guiding templates with a constant-time update scheme for each double-post assignment. Based on a graph model, we then present an algorithm for 2D-DSA simultaneous placement and routing, with a broadcast-based cost function for 2D-DSA cell placement and a graph-based scheme for DSA-compliant routing. Finally, we employ a strongly effective region property to minimize the cuts in the final layout. Experimental results show that our algorithm can efficiently generate a 2D-DSA placement and routing solution with high routability and a low cut number.

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Objective Sleep Quality Measurement based on Fuzzy Logic and Wearable Device 8

Objective Sleep Quality Measurement based on Fuzzy Logic and...

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8th International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence, ICCSCI 2023

作者： Wijaya, Jason A. Andersen, Pauw D. Surantha, Nico Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Tokyo City University Japan

Sleep is the natural state of relaxation for human being. Sleep quality is an essential yet frequently neglected aspect of sleep in general. Sleep quality is essential because it allows the body to restore itself and prepare for the next day. The standard method for evaluating sleep quality was subjective evaluation. Actigraphy devices, which can measure the sleep cycle, are now widely available. This study developed a method using Fuzzy Logic and an actigraphy device to measure and classify sleep quality. The fuzzy logic method was developed in several stages, which are determining the sleep quality measurement parameters, constructing the fuzzy set for each input variable, and developing the fuzzy rules. To evaluate the proposed fuzzy model, five individuals were invited to participate in the experiment and required to complete the PSQI subjective sleep questionnaire. The evaluation result shows that our proposed Fuzzy model achieves lower error compared to the existing method. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： actigraphy artificial intelligences fuzzy logic sleep sleep quality

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