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Zero Knowledge Proof on Top of Blockchain for Anonymous and Verifiable E-Voting System

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年 1-12页

作者： Sangraula, Purushottam Adhikari, Nanda Bikram Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Pulchowk Campus Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal

Electronic Voting Machines and online voting systems have been intermittently employed but have faced scrutiny due to concerns about transparency and verifiability. The methodology employed in this study ensures transparency through the integration of Blockchain and enhances verifiability by incorporating zk proofs. To safeguard the anonymity of voters, a zero-knowledge Merkle Membership Proof, utilizing zk-snarks, is applied. This ensures that only voters capable of providing the zk proof of membership from the designated set listed on the blockchain are eligible to cast their votes. To counteract potential issues related to double voting, the implementation of nullifiers becomes crucial. In this context, nullifiers are confidential phrases that are depleted upon the casting of a vote. The formation of ballots involves combining the voter’s preferences, obscured with removable randomness, and further encrypting them using RSA. This work introduces and analyzes several procedural modifications in the existing blockchain based voting systems with the aim to enhance the overall integrity, cost and security of the voting system. The implementation of this work enables voters to cast a vote with 1.6 million gas units with less than 4 s time duration. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Blockchain

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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An amalgamation of integrated features with DeepSpeech2 architecture and improved spell corrector for improving Gujarati language ASR system

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2024年第1期27卷 87-99页

作者： Dua, Mohit Bhagat, Bhavesh Dua, Shelza Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics Communication and Engineering Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh India

Automatic Speech Recognition systems that convert language into written text have greatly transformed human–machine interaction. Although these systems have achieved results, in languages building accurate and reliable ASR models for low resource languages like Gujarati comes with significant challenges. Gujarati lacks data and linguistic resources, making developing high-performance ASR systems quite difficult. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhance the effectiveness of a Gujarati ASR model despite resources. We achieve this by incorporating integrated features such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) utilizing the DeepSpeech2 architecture and implementing an improved spell correction technique based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) algorithm. Our approach has demonstrated superiority over previous state-of-the-art methodologies through testing and evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method consistently reduces the Word Error Rate (WER) by 10–12 percentage points compared to the existing work, surpassing the most significant improvement of 5.87%. Our findings demonstrate the viability of developing accurate and dependable ASR systems for languages with limited resources, such as Gujarati. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Character recognition

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A novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based video encryption scheme

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 36页

作者： Kumari, Sweta Dua, Mohit Dua, Shelza Dhingra, Deepti Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

The surge in online activities has led to the increasing popularity of sharing video data across diverse applications, including online education tutorials, social networking, video calling, and OTT platforms. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to the transmitted data over unreliable channels. The well-known features of chaos theory such as random behaviour, unpredictability, and initial parameters dependency facilitate its use in cryptography. Many security issues are faced by chaos-based cryptosystems because of their less complexity. Hence, a new Cosine-Cosine chaotic map characterized by intricate chaotic behaviour is designed in the current study. Additionally, we formulate an original video encryption scheme employing this Cosine-Cosine chaotic map. The encryption process involves five steps, beginning with the segmentation of the original video into frames based on its frame rate. In the second phase, a 384 bits pseudorandom key is generated that is further divided into three subkeys of 128 bits each. The novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based sequence is generated. In the fourth step, red, green, and blue components are encrypted using the pseudorandom key and the chaotic sequence. In the last step, we combine encrypted frames to get cipher video. The security analysis validates that the proposed encryption protects against eavesdropping. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cryptography

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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Verification of news and certificate, and plagiarism detector

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Jain, Pushpak Anand, Dewansh Rajni Behal, Vansh Kapoor, Vipul Sharma, Neha Jindal, Neeru Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Patiala India

Fake news, Fake certification, and Plagiarism are the most common issues arising these days. During this COVID-19 situation, there are a lot of rumors and fake news spreading and some of us are using fake certification to avoid vaccination and plagiarism became the most common topic during online studies. It is found that several apps and websites are present for the detection of false news and plagiarism. However, there is no single website for the detection of fake certificates. Moreover, nothing is made that consists of all these features in one platform. So, this proposed work develops a website for detecting fake news, Fake certificate, and plagiarism detector. The proposed method uses Natural Language Processing techniques for detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate). The proposed work uses image processing with some Python libraries like OpenCV in all the detections and that makes it quite interesting. For detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate) the algorithm is built using a k-mean model, logistic regression, and neural network. The proposed work uses the datasets that are trained using the count vectorizer method for the detection and to get its accuracy which will be tested using machine learning algorithms. The proposed method has shown an accuracy rate of 94.28% on Logistics Regression in comparison to existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Fake news Machine learning Natural language processing Plagiarism Social media platform

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A review on Gujarati language based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2024年第1期27卷 133-156页

作者： Dua, Mohit Bhagat, Bhavesh Dua, Shelza Chakravarty, Nidhi Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics Communication and Engineering Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh Chandigarh India

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) plays a crucial role in facilitating natural and efficient human–computer interaction. This paper offers a comprehensive review of ASR systems tailored specifically for the Gujarati language. Existing literature on Gujarati ASR indicates that most survey papers have focused solely on back-end classification methods. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive survey that encompasses feature extraction techniques, backend models, speech datasets, and evaluation metrics. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the cutting-edge methodologies employed in the development of Gujarati ASR systems. Firstly, the paper discusses various feature extraction techniques. Secondly, it covers classification models and their impact on ASR performance. Thirdly, the study delves into available speech datasets relevant to the Gujarati language, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. Finally, the paper reviews the evaluation parameters used in ASR systems. Additionally, it gives an overview of online toolkits, resources, and language models pertinent to Gujarati ASR. This review serves as a comprehensive reference for academics and professionals involved in the research and development of ASR systems for the Gujarati language. The parameters selected for comparison include front-end feature extraction methods, back-end classification techniques, speech dataset, and evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the paper discusses both the contributions and limitations encountered by current ASR systems during the review. Finally, it addresses various challenges that still persist and provides directions for future research in this critical field. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Extraction

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Joint Rain Streaks & Haze Removal Network for Object Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4683-4702页

作者： Ragini Thatikonda Prakash Kodali Ramalingaswamy Cheruku Eswaramoorthy K.V Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal506004India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information TechnologyDesign and ManufacturingKurnool518008India

In the realm of low-level vision tasks,such as image deraining and dehazing,restoring images distorted by adverse weather conditions remains a significant *** emergence of abundant computational resources has driven the dominance of deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),supplanting traditional methods reliant on prior ***,the evolution of CNN architectures has tended towards increasing complexity,utilizing intricate structures to enhance performance,often at the expense of computational *** response,we propose the Selective Kernel Dense Residual M-shaped Network(SKDRMNet),a flexible solution adept at balancing computational efficiency with network accuracy.A key innovation is the incorporation of an M-shaped hierarchical structure,derived from the U-Net framework as M-Network(M-Net),within which the Selective Kernel Dense Residual Module(SDRM)is introduced to reinforce multi-scale semantic feature *** methodology employs two sampling techniques-bilinear and pixel unshuffled and utilizes a multi-scale feature fusion approach to distil more robust spatial feature map *** the reconstruction phase,feature maps of varying resolutions are seamlessly integrated,and the extracted features are effectively merged using the Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM).Empirical results demonstrate the comprehensive superiority of SKDRMNet across both synthetic and real rain and haze datasets.

关键词： Image deraining Selective Dense Residual Module(SDRM) Selective Kernel Fusion Module(SKFM) Selective KernelDense Residual M-Shaped Network(SKDRMNet)

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PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING SINGLE-LAYER FOAM SUBSTRATE FOR 5.8 GHZ ISM BAND APPLICATIONS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第2期84卷 43-65页

作者： Hake, Shahadev Jaiswal, Rupesh Moon, Sunil Nikam, Pritam Kumar, Jayendra Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering SCTR’s Pune Institute of Computer Technology Pune India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering KIT’s College of Engineering Kolhapur India School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh India

Since last decade, a microstrip patch antenna has played a very important role in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications, but single-layer antennae suffer from low gain and low radiation efficiency. For an ISM band, there is always a trade-off between these parameters, so maintaining it on a single-layer microstrip antenna is a big challenge. A circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna using a single-layer foam substrate has been designed for 5.8 GHz ISM band which offers high gain, improved radiation efficiency, and a lightweight design. It is constructed as a low-profile, single coaxial feed microstrip antenna on a foam substrate, achieving circular polarization by integrating two slots into the radiating patch antenna has dimensions of 0.98 λ0 × 0.98 λ0 × 0.096 λ0, impedance bandwidth of 600 MHz (5.56–6.16) GHz, which underscores its adaptability across a wide range of frequencies within the specified band. Furthermore, it elaborates the axial ratio bandwidth which extends over 130 MHz (5.77–5.90) GHz, showing the antenna’s ability to maintain circular polarization characteristics over a significant frequency range with a gain of 8.87 dB. The experimental and simulation results confirmed a remarkable radiation efficiency of 95.62%, showing its superior effectiveness compared to any existing single-layer microstrip antenna. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Slot antennas

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Analysis of channel capacity for UWB antenna for improvements in the data rates and low Power transmission over wireless application

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2024年第7期16卷 4343-4349页

作者： Bhopale, Nitin I. Pawar, Sunil N. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Sanjivani College of Engineering National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) Chhattrapati Sambhaji Nagar Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering JNEC

Multiple input- Multiple output- Ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) is a wireless communication approach that combines multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver with ultra-wideband frequency spectra to increase data speeds, dependability and spatial diversity in communication systems. The purpose of this research is to study the hybridization of MIMO-UWB over the Rayleigh fading channel using various antenna designs. Convolution encoders are used to encode binary data. The bit interleaver records the encrypted data that is sent to the mapper. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is used to handle information from Parallel subcarriers two,four, and eight. To prevent Inter symbol interference, a cyclic prefix is subsequently added. A Fast Fourier transform is used to synchronize signals after they are distorted and two, four, and eight antennas. The cyclic prefix is then deleted. Once the interleaving is done, the data received through various antennas are transformed into serial, demodulated, and decoded. Bit Error Rate (BER) and data rates are used to assess the hybridization system for MIMO-UWB sectorial antenna designs of 2x2,4x4, and *** results obtained indicate that both traditional MIMO and combined MIMO-UWB have higher data rates as SNR increases, with hybridized MIMO-UWB having higher data rates than conventional MIMO and achieving low transmission power. In the same way, hybridized MIMO-UWB yields lower BER values than standard MIMO. This suggests that hybrid MIMO-UWB outperforms traditional MIMO in terms of Rayleigh fading. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Bit error rate (BER) Multiple input- multiple output (MIMO) Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) Rayleigh fading Ultra-wideband antenna (UWB)

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