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Crowd movement monitoring in academic buildings: a reinforcement learning approach

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 6967-6997页

作者： Geetha, T.S. Rao, C. Subba Chellaswamy, C. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SA Engineering College Chennai600077 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology Vijayawada520007 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM TRP Engineering College Tiruchirappalli621105 India

In academic institutions, the gathering of students within buildings significantly influences the ecological parameters of these spaces. Understanding and enhancing the environmental impact of academic buildings requires monitoring ecological parameters and crowd flow. The job of monitoring large-scale crowds and environmental conditions is a difficult one to do without difficulty. This study introduces reinforcement learning-based lightweight crowd flow measurement (RL-CFM) for real-time crowd flow tracking in institutional buildings. RL-CFM enables prompt responses to changes in crowd dynamics, enhancing its effectiveness during emergencies. The proposed RL-CFM periodically searches for smartphone-enabled requests, providing insights into crowd movement. Implemented and tested in an institutional building under real-world conditions, RL-CFM was installed in various locations, including the evacuation passage on the ground floor and two classrooms on the first floor. The study explores ecological parameters like temperature and CO2 concentration in the evacuation passage, considering various modes of smartphone operation that reflect people’s walking behavior. The RL-CFM’s performance is evaluated using different smartphone models with varying walking speeds, revealing a tracking accuracy of 94.32% in the Wi-Fi registered mode. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Temperature measurement

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Optimized graph transformer with molecule attention network based multi class attack detection framework for enhancing privacy and security in WSN

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14273-14304页

作者： Anoop, M. Mary, L. William Wilson, Allan J. Kiran, W.S. Department of Computer Science and Application SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram campus Chennai600089 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita College of Engineering and Technology Nagercoil India

In today's rapidly evolving network landscape, cybersecurity has become increasingly crucial. However, wireless sensor networks face unique challenges due to their limited resources and diverse composition, high computational demands, diminished accuracy rates, making them susceptible to a wide array of cyber threats. To tackle these challenges, this research introduced a novel method known as Optimized Graph Transformer with Molecule Attention Network (OGTMAN) on the fusion of Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) and differential privacy aimed at enhancing privacy and security. This approach starts with data preprocessing, employing min–max normalization to address dataset imbalances. N-Tuple Contrastive Learning with Generative transformer(N-TCLG)feature extractor distinguish between different classes of data instances and effectively learns representations that capture relevant information about network traffic patterns Further, feature selection by enhanced chi-square statistics with kepler algorithm, is utilized to assess the significance of each feature in characteristic between normal network behavior and malicious activities further refines the feature selection method by optimizing the selection criteria based on the statistical properties of the dataset. Finally, the proposed OGTMAN classifies various attacks based on their behavioural patterns with the help of enhanced ant aphid optimization with adaptive step factor. Ultimately, this fine-tuning yield superior model training outcomes, resulting more accurate attack classification outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, datasets encompassing with KDD Cup 99 datasets are employed. The efficiency of the introduced method is demonstrated when compared with prevailing attack detection methods in terms of accuracy, recall, precision and F-measure of 99.98%, 99.5%.,99.9% and 99.5% respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer N

关键词： Molecules

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Revolutionizing optical burst switching networks with dual auto net and marine swarm optimization techniques

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Optical and Quantum electronics 2025年第4期57卷 1-21页

作者： Tiwari, Gayatri Chauhan, Ram Chandra Singh Ratnesh, Ratneshwar Kumar Department of Electronics Engineering Institute of Engineering and Technology UP LucknowPIN-226021 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology UP MeerutPIN-250005 India

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) offers a promising solution for efficient bandwidth utilization in optical networks. This study aims to enhance burst assembly and scheduling in OBS networks using deep learning and optimization techniques. The research begins with data collection, focusing on key OBS network parameters such as packet counts, burst sizes, and traffic patterns. The DualAutoNet model, incorporating autoencoders, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), is then employed to optimize burst assembly. For optimal channel scheduling, a novel hybrid optimization method, the Marine Swarm Optimization Algorithm (MSOA) which combines Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO) and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) is introduced. Additionally, a multi-objective optimization-based route queuing protocol is developed, accounting for latency, energy consumption, throughput, and distance. The MSOA is utilized to determine the best routes for efficient network resource management in OBS networks. The proposed model's performance is compared to existing methods, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Tunicate, and Tuna algorithms. Implemented using MATLAB, key performance indicators such as energy consumption, network lifetime, throughput, and packet delivery ratio are evaluated under varying node conditions. This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of the results, demonstrating the proposed model's superiority in reducing latency, increasing throughput, and minimizing packet loss. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Ant colony optimization

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Genetic algorithm based data controlling method using IoT enabled WSNs

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Soft Computing 2025年第5期29卷 2465-2482页

作者： Singh, Samayveer Nandan, Aridaman Singh Sikka, Geeta Malik, Aruna Singh, Pradeep Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Delhi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Central University of Jammu J&K Jammu India

Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is not only constitute an encouraging research domain but also represent a promising industrial trend that permits the development of various IoT-based applications. These applications span a wide range from industry to education, and from military to agriculture. The IoT device plays a significant role in various IoT-based networks, and the functioning of such network depends upon the battery power. Once the devices are deployed in the hostile environments, replacing batteries becomes impractical. Despite a plethora of research addressing this challenge, IoT networks still face issues. In this paper, a genetic algorithm based data monitoring and controlling method using IoT enabled WSNs is proposed by using movable sinks in IoT enabled HWSNs (OptiGeA). The OptiGeA protocol is designed for the election of cluster heads (CHs) by incorporating factors such as density, distance, energy and heterogeneous node capacity into its fitness function. The investigation of OptiGeA is conducted with single sink, multiple static sinks and multiple movable sinks provide an unbiased comparative assessment. The novel deployment technique and multiple mobile sinks approaches are proposed to reduce the transmission distance between the sink and CH during system operation and address hotspot issue. It is evident that the OptiGeA protocol shows an increment of 10.44% compared to the GAOC, whereas with the inclusion of DDC process the OptiGeA-DDC protocol demonstrates a remarkable increase of 48.33% compared to MS-GAOC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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M-Bi-GRU-CNN: a hybrid deep learning model with optimized feature selection for enhanced crop yield prediction

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： J, Madhuri M, Indiramma N, Nagarathna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangalore Institute of Technology Karnataka Bengaluru560004 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering BMS College of Engineering Karnataka Bengaluru560019 India

Weather variability significantly impacts crop yield, posing challenges for large-scale agricultural operations. This study introduces a deep learning-based approach to enhance crop yield prediction accuracy. A Multi-Head Attention-based Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (M-Bi-GRU) integrated with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed. The publicly available Crop Recommendation dataset is pre-processed using data cleaning and Min–Max normalization to eliminate inconsistencies. Then, the Adaptive Reptile Search Optimization (ARSO) algorithm is used to identify the most relevant features for the prediction task. The M-Bi-GRU-CNN model uses these selected features to predict crop yields. The implementation is carried out in Python, and the performance is measured using a variety of metrics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing methods, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.45, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.07, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.28. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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SuspAct: novel suspicious activity prediction based on deep learning in the real-time environment

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第34期36卷 21307-21320页

作者： Kansal, Sachin Jain, Akshat Kumar Biswas, Moyukh Bansal, Shaurya Mahindru, Namay Kansal, Priya Computer Science Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India

In today’s evolving landscape of video surveillance, our study introduces SuspAct, an innovative ensemble model designed to detect suspicious activities in real time swiftly. Leveraging advanced Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), SuspAct represents a significant advancement in intelligent surveillance technology. By combining insights from various LRCN models through the Majority Voting ensemble technique, SuspAct enhances its overall robustness, outperforming traditional surveillance methods. Through rigorous experimentation on large-scale datasets, we demonstrate SuspAct’s superiority in proactive crime prevention, showcasing its potential to revolutionize security protocols and contribute substantially to public safety. Our work addresses the challenges posed by the escalating volume of video data and lays a strong foundation for future advancements in intelligent video surveillance technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Heart sound classification method using gammatonegram and SVM

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-37页

作者： Taneja, Kriti Arora, Vinay Verma, Karun Computer Science and Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India

Today cardiovascular diseases have been posing a serious threat to human lives all over the world. Various automated decision-making systems have been proposed by the researchers to help cardiologists to diagnose heart health with more perfection, thus, reducing the frequency of fatalities. This research aims at classifying the Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals captured from the functioning of the cardiac system as normal or abnormal. The methodology proposed here has been validated using the benchmark dataset PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology (CinC) 2016. As of this writing, the studies carried out using contemporary techniques have so far been unable to generate pictorial representation from cardiac audio recordings that match the way the ear processes sound. The present research suggests a unique methodology for the detection of important events in an audio signal using a biologically-inspired depiction of the audio stream through a picture known as Gammatonegram which correlates to the processing of audio in the cochlea membrane of the inner human auditory system. In this study, texture-related features which include Linear Ternary Pattern (LTP), Local Directional Pattern (LDP), Geometric Local Textural Pattern (GLTP), and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ) have been extracted from a visual representation of PCG signal such as Spectrogram, Scalogram, Mel-spectrogram, and Gammatonegram. As compared to the case when researchers were employing other images, it has been noticed that the fusion of the features retrieved from the Gammatonegram has led to an increased overall classification performance metrics. The experiment yielded an overall accuracy of 94.00 % with precision and F1 scores of 91.77 and 93.61 respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Heart

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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Face Recognition Using LBPH and CNN

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Recent Advances in computer Science and Communications 2024年第5期17卷 48-58页

作者： Shukla, Ratnesh Kumar Tiwari, Arvind Kumar Mishra, Ashish Ranjan Department of Computer Science & Engineering Shambhunath Institute of Engineering & Technology Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj211012 India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Kamla Nehru Institute of Engineering & Technology Uttar Pradesh Sultanpur228118 India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Rajkiya Engineering College Uttar Pradesh Sonbhadra231206 India

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to use Machine Learning (ML) techniques to extract facial features from images. Accurate face detection and recognition has long been a problem in computer vision. According to a recent study, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is a superior facial descriptor for face recognition. A person's face may make their identity, feelings, and ideas more obvious. In the modern world, everyone wants to feel secure from unauthorized authentication. Face detection and recognition help increase security;however, the most difficult challenge is to accurately recognise faces without creating any false identities. Methods: The proposed method uses a Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to preprocess face images with equalized histograms. Results: LBPH in the proposed technique is used to extract and join the histogram values into a single vector. The technique has been found to result in a reduction in training loss and an increase in validation accuracy of over 96.5%. Prior algorithms have been reported with lower accuracy when compared to LBPH using CNN. Conclusion: This study demonstrates how studying characteristics produces more precise results, as the number of epochs increases. By comparing facial similarities, the vector has generated the best result. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishe.

关键词： Face recognition

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Advanced Breast Cancer Detection Using Spatial Attention and Neural Architecture Search (SANAS-Net)

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SN computer Science 2025年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Souza, Melwin D. Ananth Prabhu, G. Kumara, Varuna Department of Computer Science & Engineering Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management Mangalore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Moodlakatte Institute of Technology Kundapura India

This paper introduces a novel spatial attention neural architecture search network (SANAS-Net), which incorporates a spatial attention mechanism to enhance the model’s ability to focus on critical regions within mammograms. By utilizing multi-head attention within transformer blocks, the model captures diverse spatial relationships and interactions between features. Positional embeddings are incorporated into the transformer blocks, further enriching the model’s capacity to understand global spatial context. Extensive experiments were conducted to validate the proposed methodology. SANAS-Net was shown to successfully identify attentive networks that demonstrate high performance in distinguishing malignant from benign breast cancer cases. The model achieved a test accuracy of 89.95%, significantly surpassing the performance of previously proposed algorithms for breast cancer detection using mammography images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Breast cancer detection Deep learning Mammography Neural architecture search Spatial attention

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