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Capacity enhancement of WDM visible light communication system employing 3-SOPs/channel/LD color

Journal of Optical Communications 2025年第1期46卷 107-113页

作者： Pahuja, Hunny Sachdeva, Shippu Sindhwani, Manoj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR Ghaziabad India School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara India

Nowadays, polarization division multiplexing (PDM) employing different states of polarizations (SOP) is a prominent candidate to offer high capacity and improved performance. However, the incorporation of PDM in indoor wireless optical communication (WOC) systems is limited to horizontal and vertical SOPs only. Therefore, in this research article, a cost-effective and high capacity 90 Gbps non-return to zero (NRZ) line coding based 18 channels VLC system is presented by incorporating red-green-blue laser diodes (RGB LDs). Performance investigations of different SOPs such as SOP 0°, SOP 45°, and SOP 90° are carried out at diverse VLC link distances in terms of log BER and Q factor. Results revealed that the proposed VLC system can successfully cover the 6 m distance and red LD together with SOP0 is found to be the highest performing. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Polarization

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Battery energy storage-based system damping controller for alleviating sub-synchronous oscillations in a DFIG-based wind power plant

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2023年第2期8卷 260-277页

作者： Neevatika Verma Narendra Kumar Rajeev Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering Delhi Technological UniversityNew DelhiIndia Electrical Engineering Department Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiIndia Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department KIET Group of InstitutionsGhaziabadIndia

This paper presents the issue of the Sub-synchronous resonance(SSR)phenomenon in a series compensated DFIG-based wind power plant and its alleviation using a Battery Energy Storage-based Damping Controller(BESSDCL).A supplementary damping signal is developed considering the angular speed deviation and is incorporated into the BESS control ***-area Measurement System data is used to determine the angular speed deviation.A lin-earized system model is developed to perform eigenvalue analysis,and to detect and examine unstable SSR *** variation of wind speed and three-phase fault are also taken into consideration to validate the robustness of the *** further verify the efficacy of the proposed damping controller,time-domain simulations are performed using MATLAB/*** application of the proposed BESSDCL stabilizes all the unstable system modes effectively at wind speeds of 7 m/s,9 m/s,and 11 m/s,and at 40%,50%,and 60%series compensation levels,as well three-phase fault conditions.

关键词： Battery energy storage system Damping controller Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) Series

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Detection of Sleep Apnea from ECG Signals Using Sliding Singular Spectrum Based Subpattern Principal Component Analysis

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第6期5卷 2897-2906页

作者： Zubair, Muhammad Naik M, Umesh Kumar Tripathy, Rajesh K. Alhartomi, Mohammed Alzahrani, Saeed Ahamed, Shaik Rafi Pennsylvania State University Department of Biomedical Engineering University ParkPA16801 United States Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Assam Guwahati781039 India BITS Pilani Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hyderabad500078 India University of Tabuk Department of Electrical Engineering Tabuk71491 Saudi Arabia

Sleep apnea (SA) is a potentially fatal sleep disorder where breathing regularly pauses and resumes during sleep, which results in regular awakenings. In this work, we introduced two efficient models which were tested on both the handcrafted and the latent features. To preprocess and segment the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals into multiple spectrums, this work uses a unique approach known as sliding singular spectrum analysis (SSSA). Later, we considered four time-frequency domain (TFD) features, such as spectral entropy (SE), signal energy (EN), dominant frequency (DF), and spike rhythmicity (SR) to precisely detect and classify SA from the ECG signals. To cope with the high-dimensional nature of the data, we have proposed a novel algorithm named subpattern-based principal component analysis (SPPCA), which can extract the most prominent features by delimiting the dimensions of the original features. To classify the ECG data, the low-dimensional TFD features were used to train and validate different machine learning (ML) models, such as extreme gradient boosting (XGB), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). Similarly, we implemented a deep learning (DL) framework named modified LeNet-5 CNN network (MLN-CNN), which extracts the hidden features to classify SA from the ECG signals. We used the Physionet Apnea ECG (PNEA) and St. Vincent's University Hospital/University College Dublin (UCD) databases for this study, which are publicly available. We evaluated both the proposed algorithms using various classification metrics. The metrics suggest that we achieved the highest accuracy of 100% and 97.1% on PNEA and 86.66% and 92.30% on UCD databases, respectively. The performance metrics of our proposed algorithms have shown a significant dominance over the latest state-of-the-art works. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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LSTM-UKF framework for an effective global land-ocean index temperature prediction

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第3期14卷 2369-2384页

作者： Bera, Souvik Gupta, Gauri Shanker Kumar, Deepak Shiva Kumar, S. Gupta, Karunesh Kumar Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India

In the recent era of evolution in deep learning, several ANN techniques have been developed to forecast weather conditions. Temperature forecasting is a subset of weather forecasting which employ the use of these ANN techniques to predict the future trend in temperature variation. The modern ANN technologies have facilitated the prediction process due to its virtue of handling lengthy sequences which have been encorporated by many reserachers to train their models. These ANN models require an optimisation technique to mitigate the error between the forecasted and the true value, thus a lot of exploration has been done in the improvement of these optimisation strategies. In this research work, a unique derivative free optimiser known as Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is implemented for optimisation along with an upgraded form of Recurrent Neural Network called Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to forecast the Global Land-Ocean index temperature. In the proposed model, LSTM is used as a base neural network due to its probity to handle very long sequences of data and resolving the issue of vanishing and exploding gradients suffered by RNN. The prediction results obtained from the propsed LSTM-UKF model was compared with Gradient Descent (GD) optimizers such as, Adam optimizer, RMSprop optimizer, and an evolutionary optimisation algorithm called Genetic Algorithm (GA) to demostrate its optimising strength. Well established predictive models such as Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) were also trained using UKF and the results were compared with the base model along with the stated optimisation techniques. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Fault Location and Section Identification Algorithm on Multi-Terminal Transmission Lines Using DWT

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2024年第4期105卷 855-870页

作者： Nazeer, S.K. Mahalakshmi, C. rao, P. Kanta Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Chidambaram608002 India Department of Electrical & amp Electronics Engineering S.R.K.R. Engineering College Bhimavaram534204 India

The location of a fault on a multi-terminal transmission line is necessary for restoring the network as quickly as possible to maintain reliable power supply. Phasors-based fault locators are well-established approaches in conventional algorithms and face complexity in locating faults at far-end cases and between tapped points. Due to non-availability of information between tapped points, the reliability of fault locator schemes may provide erroneous computations. This paper concentrates on developing a reliable approach to obtain accurate fault locations and identifies the exact faults that occur in terminal line or between the tapped points on multi-terminal transmission lines using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Due to its reduced computing overhead and elimination of the expeditious Fourier transform’s disadvantages, the DWT is well suited for practical use (FFT). The arrival periods of the succeeding peak waves produced by the fault are determined using the travelling wave theory, and these findings are subsequently employed to accurately determine the fault location. The technique performance is elucidated using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment by considering standard transmission lines of four terminals, five terminals and six terminals, respectively. The numerical results produced under various fault situations by different fault types, fault resistance and fault initiation angles to confirm the efficacy of the proposed method. The method performance is also validated on renewable integrated transmission network and results showcase the proposed method is immune to any configuration of a power system. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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Developing and Analysing a Photovoltaic (PV) Renewable Energy Source with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Battery Management in Grid Environment Power Quality

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SN Computer Science 2024年第8期5卷 1172页

作者： Arulmurugan, V.S. Rajeswari, C. Bharathidasan, P. Balaji, K. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College Tamilnadu Erode India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Excel Engineering College Tamilnadu Namakkal India

Renewable energy is the most viable option for rural electrification due to its widespread availability. In the previous work balance between power generation and load power, with batteries serving as a backup source for both Photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy are having drawbacks such as maintains a constancy between source and load request, even in the face of sudden changes in load and fluctuations in PV and wind power generation. To solve the problem micro grid comprising of a Photovoltaic (PV) array battery energy storage are developed in this work. One of the primary sources of renewable energy is photovoltaic energy, which can vary significantly depending on temperature, cell type, and irradiance levels. In wind power generation, the rotor's accessibility allows for the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to regulate the stator power, with the overall power being derived from the rotor. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and procedures the PV module's current output in relation to the battery voltage. It calculates the power maximum output of the element and changes optimum voltage for charging the battery with the maximum amount of power. In a hybrid system, there are two buses and AC bus and a DC bus, a single AC bus, with an AC/AC converter connecting the wind turbine and a DC/AC converter connecting the PV to the AC bus. The DC bus is used to connect sources with a DC current, while the AC bus is used for sources with an alternating current. This micro grid is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink tool and gain better power quality output. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Battery energy management Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Photovoltaic (PV) Wind

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Electric vehicle charging station modelling using FOH approximation and material selection based on temperature

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 77卷 394-400页

作者： Vijayalakshmi, S. Sundararaju, K. Subramaniya Siva, A. Sankara Subramanian, A.T. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology Trichy 621 112 India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering M Kumarasamy College of Engineering Karur 639 113 India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Trichy 621 112 India

In this article analytical model of New Energy Charging Station for vehicle is derived. It creates a nonlinear closed loop, when power electronic devices are connected to Grid due to the interaction with the grid's impedance. It is particularly concerning because the prevalence of such devices, such as massive EV charging stations, distributed generation, distributed storage and APFs, is predicted to grow. Furthermore, fast variable closed-loop dynamics are also illustrated when it comes to APFs. The primary contribution of this study is that it use DQ-theory to transform a closed loop (non-linear) into a closed loop of LTI. A straightforward, DT-controlled APF connected to a basic power source is used to test this technology in the beginning, producing a group of LTI differencial equations with easily determinable transient and stability response. Furthermore, the method may be done to a wide range of APFs linked to any power system with ease. It is finally validated using MATLAB/Simulink. The main objective is to develop a simplified model that ignores potential instability caused by nonlinear feedback loop and this can be used to examine the stability of the system using the developed model. © 2022

关键词： Nonlinear feedback

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Compact Wideband Antenna Array with DGS-Based Metamaterial for Efficient Smartphone Communication and SAR Reduction

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research B 2025年 110卷 15-28页

作者： Megahed, Amany A. Hussein, Amr H. Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Elabd, Rania Hamdy Electronic and Communication Department Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology in New Damietta Damietta34517 Egypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tanta University Egypt Malacca Malaysia Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Horus University Egypt New Damietta Egypt

This study investigates a high-gain, miniaturized antenna array featuring semicircular Defected Ground Structures (DGSs) based metamaterial designed for wideband smartphone applications. The antenna array, measuring 49 × 25 mm2 is constructed on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The design incorporates two orthogonal antennas, each with a U-shaped radiating patch and a semicircular DGS to control bandwidth and reduce size. A T-shaped stub is positioned at the center of the U-shaped radiating area, with a star-shaped element attached to the leg of the T-shaped stub to enable wideband operation. The antenna demonstrates strong S11 performance, achieving approximately −38 dB at 5.8 GHz and −42 dB at 8.1 GHz, making it ideal for Sub-6 GHz and C-band applications. The proposed antenna array operates across a frequency range from 4 GHz to beyond 10 GHz, reaching a peak gain of 11 dBi and an efficiency of 95%. A time-domain analysis was conducted to verify radiation efficiency, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) is approximately 0.0475 for 1 g of tissue and 0.0101 for 10 g of tissue at 4.5 GHz, confirming the array's suitability for wideband smartphone devices within the target frequency band. The simulated and experimental results of the proposed antenna array show excellent agreement. © (2025), (Electromagnetics Academy). All rights reserved.

关键词： Tissue

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IOT Enabled Bilirubin Level Monitoring and Controlling Using Photo Therapy 10

IOT Enabled Bilirubin Level Monitoring and Controlling Using...

引用

10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2024

作者： Raghavendran, P.S. Surendar, V. Sheela, A. Krishnaprasath, S. Sridharan, P. Vasanth Raj, N. Naveenkumar, K. Kongu Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Perundurai India The Kavery Engineering College Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Salem India

ISBN: (数字)9798350384369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384369

The innovative approach to neonatal jaundice treatment via an IoT -integrated system represents an important step forward in neonatal healthcare. The system ensures timely and efficient therapy by continuously monitoring the levels of bilirubin and administering photo-therapy, reducing the necessity for frequent blood tests. The non-intrusive monitoring device measures bilirubin concentrations using photo-metric techniques, with data transmitted to a central control unit for real-time processing. Advanced algorithms automatically adjust photo therapy parameters based on the severity of the j aundice. Using LEDs with optimal light spectra reduces the risk of skin damage during photo-therapy. Importantly, the system enables remote monitoring and control via an encrypted web or mobile interface, facilitating caregivers and healthcare professionals to make real-time decisions. This IoT -enabled solution has the potential to reduce testing frequency, provide precise treatment, and improve patient safety. This innovative IoT -enabled system for monitoring bilirubin levels and administering phototherapy offers several advantages, including reduced blood testing, precise and individualized treatment, and improved patient safety. It has the potential to transform Neonatal jaundice management, ensuring that affected infants receive timely and effective care while alleviating the strain on health care resources. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Pediatrics Automation Accuracy Medical treatment Transforms Real-time systems Safety Remote monitoring Blood Testing

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Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Reflection Coefficients from Free Space Measurements of Saline Solutions 32

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Reflection Coefficients...

引用

32nd Telecommunications Forum, TELFOR 2024

作者： Pence, Muhammed Ismail Aydinalp, Cemanur Akinci, Mehmet Nuri Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391053

Salinity levels have a crucial impact on ecosystems, including plants, marine life, and agriculture. Antenna-based sensors are preferred over satellite remote sensing for salinity detection, as they are cost-effective, easy to deploy, and better suited for local measurements. This study employs a broadband horn antenna to measure the scattering parameters (S-parameters) of bottled water with varying salt content. The S-parameter results were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In PCA, the real and imaginary parts of the S-parameters were analyzed to reveal distinct differences between the salt concentrations. PC1 accounted for 58.5% and 66.54% of the variance for the real and imaginary parts of the S-parameters, respectively. Furthermore, the dataset, including the first derivatives of the real and imaginary of the S-parameters, was examined, with PC1 explaining 30.41% and 29.93% of the variance for the real and imaginary components, respectively. The reduced features obtained from PCA analysis can further be applied in machine learning models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN), for both regression and classification tasks. This process has the potential for accurately identifying salt concentrations in water through a microwave sensing system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Horn antennas

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