This study examines the connection between academic achievement and student attendance in early morning engineering classes, offering insights into the benefits and difficulties of early course scheduling. The study c...
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Highway safety researchers focus on crash injury severity,utilizing deep learning—specifically,deep neural networks(DNN),deep convolutional neural networks(D-CNN),and deep recurrent neural networks(D-RNN)—as the pre...
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Highway safety researchers focus on crash injury severity,utilizing deep learning—specifically,deep neural networks(DNN),deep convolutional neural networks(D-CNN),and deep recurrent neural networks(D-RNN)—as the preferred method for modeling accident *** learning’s strength lies in handling intricate relation-ships within extensive datasets,making it popular for accident severity level(ASL)prediction and *** prior success,there is a need for an efficient system recognizing ASL in diverse road *** address this,we present an innovative Accident Severity Level Prediction Deep Learning(ASLP-DL)framework,incorporating DNN,D-CNN,and D-RNN models fine-tuned through iterative hyperparameter selection with Stochastic Gradient *** framework optimizes hidden layers and integrates data augmentation,Gaussian noise,and dropout regularization for improved *** and factor contribution analyses identify influential *** on three diverse crash record databases—NCDB 2018–2019,UK 2015–2020,and US 2016–2021—the D-RNN model excels with an ACC score of 89.0281%,a Roc Area of 0.751,an F-estimate of 0.941,and a Kappa score of 0.0629 over the NCDB *** proposed framework consistently outperforms traditional methods,existing machine learning,and deep learning techniques.
Sampling and communication are both crucial for coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs), with sampling capturing raw data from the environment for control decision making, and communication ensuring the data is shar...
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Sampling and communication are both crucial for coordination in multi-agent systems(MASs), with sampling capturing raw data from the environment for control decision making, and communication ensuring the data is shared effectively for synchronized and informed control decisions across agents. However, practical MASs often operate in environments where continuous and synchronous data samplings and exchanges are impractical, necessitating strategies that can handle intermittent sampling and communication constraints. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances in distributed coordination control of MASs under intermittent sampling and communication, focusing on both foundational principles and state-of-the-art techniques. After introducing fundamentals, such as communication topologies,agent dynamics, control laws, and typical coordination objectives, the distinctions between sampling and communication are elaborated, exploring deterministic versus random, synchronous versus asynchronous, and instantaneous versus sequential scenarios. A detailed review of emerging trends and techniques is then presented, covering time-triggered, event-triggered,communication-protocol-based, and denial-of-service-resilient coordination control. These techniques are analyzed across various attack models, including those based on data loss, sampled data, time constraints, and topology switching. By synthesizing these developments, this survey aims to equip researchers and practitioners with a clearer understanding of current challenges and methodologies, concluding with insights into promising future directions.
This paper presents a novel approach of establishing a multichannel optical communication link, combining optical fiber cable (OFC) and free space optics (FSO) technology. By leveraging multiple lengths of optical fib...
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This study aims to investigate the influence of various vegetation patches with varying porosities on the hydraulic properties of a vegetated open channel under subcritical flow *** research work investigated three ty...
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This study aims to investigate the influence of various vegetation patches with varying porosities on the hydraulic properties of a vegetated open channel under subcritical flow *** research work investigated three types of vegetation patches:Rigid,flexible,and a combination of the *** total five vegetation patches with three different porosities for each patch were *** of these vegetation patches on various hydraulic parameters such as backwater rise,energy reduction,water surface slope in the vegetation patch,hydraulic jump formation on the downstream side of the vegetation patch,reduction in fluid force index(RFI),moment index(RMI),overflow volume(ΔQ)were *** findings revealed that the backwater rise increased in the case of rigid patch as the initial Froude number increased,whereas it decreased in the case of flexible and combined vegetation *** was observed that as the porosity increased from low(P_(r)=0.90)to high(P_(r)=0.99),the backwater rise decreased for all vegetation *** relative energy reduction rate increased for the rigid patch and showed a reverse trend for the flexible and combined vegetation patches with increasing initial Froude *** the combined vegetation arrangement,the energy reduction values were highest for the alternate rigid and flexible(ARF)vegetation patches and lowest for the longitudinal rigid and flexible(LRF)vegetation *** study identified the presence of a hydraulic jump downstream of the vegetation patch,as indicated by the Froude number in the range of 1.0–*** study also found that RFI,RMI,ΔQ had the highest values of 19.05%,19.05%,80.20%.The results of this study provide insight into the impact of vegetation patches with varying porosities on open-channel flow characteristics and can help develop sustainable vegetation management strategies.
All-vanadium flow batteries（VFBs） are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage *** an operando quantitative analysis of the polarizations in VFBs under different conditions is essential for developing hi...
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All-vanadium flow batteries（VFBs） are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage *** an operando quantitative analysis of the polarizations in VFBs under different conditions is essential for developing high power density ***,we employ an operando decoupling method to quantitatively analyze the polarizations in each electrochemical and chemical reaction of VFBs under different catalytic *** show that the reduction reaction of V3+presents the largest activation polarization,while the reduction reaction of VO2+primarily contributes to concentration polarizations due to the formation of the intermediate product V2O3+.Additionally,it is found that the widely used electrode catalytic methods,incorporating oxygen functional groups and electrodepositing Bi,not only enhance the reaction kinetics but also exacerbate concentration polarizations simultaneously,especially during the discharge ***,in the battery with the high oxygen-containing electrodes,the negative side still accounts for the majority of activation loss（75.3%） at 200 mA cm-2,but it comes down to 36,9% after catalyzing the negative reactions with *** work provides an effective way to probe the limiting steps in flow batteries under various working conditions and offers insights for effectively enhancing battery performance for future developments.
The urgent need to mitigate climate change impacts and achieve net zero emissions has led to extensive research on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))-capture *** study focuses on the kinetics of CO_(2)capture using solid adsorben...
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The urgent need to mitigate climate change impacts and achieve net zero emissions has led to extensive research on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))-capture *** study focuses on the kinetics of CO_(2)capture using solid adsorbents specifically through thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA).The research explores the principles behind TGA and its application in analyzing adsorbent performance and the significance of kinetics in optimizing CO_(2)-capture *** adsorbents have gained significant attention due to their potential for efficient and cost-effective CO_(2)***,three different types of adsorbents,namely calcium-,tin-,and zirconium-based ones(quicklime:CaO,potassium stannate:K_(2)SnO_(3),and sodium zirconate:Na_(2)ZrO_(3)),in adsorbing high-temperature carbon dioxide were investigated;their quality and performance by various factors such as price,stability,non-toxicity,and efficiency are *** diffusion models and geometrical contraction models were the best-fitted models to explain the kinetic of these solid adsorbents for high-temperature CO_(2)sorption;it means the morphology is important for solid adsorbent *** minimum energy needed to start a reaction for K_(2)SnO_(3),Na_(2)ZrO_(3),and CaO,is 73.55,84.33,and 86.23 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively;with the lowest value being for potassium *** high-temperature CO_(2)adsorption performance of various solid adsorbents in regard with the rate of reaction followed the order of K_(2)SnO_(3)>CaO>>Na_(2)ZrO_(3),based on experiments and kinetic studies.
The urgent demand for clean energy solutions has intensified the search for advanced storage materials, with rechargeable alkali-ion batteries(AIBs) playing a pivotal role in electrochemical energy storage. Enhancing ...
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The urgent demand for clean energy solutions has intensified the search for advanced storage materials, with rechargeable alkali-ion batteries(AIBs) playing a pivotal role in electrochemical energy storage. Enhancing electrode performance is critical to addressing the increasing need for high-energy and high-power AIBs. Next-generation anode materials face significant challenges, including limited energy storage capacities and complex reaction mechanisms that complicate structural ***-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for AIBs due to their inherent advantages. Recent research has increasingly focused on the development of heterojunctions as a strategy to enhance the performance of Sn-based anode materials. Despite significant advances in this field, comprehensive reviews summarizing the latest developments are still sparse. This review provides a detailed overview of recent progress in Sn-based heterojunction-type anode materials. It begins with an explanation of the concept of heterojunctions, including their fabrication, characterization, and classification. Cuttingedge research on Sn-based heterojunction-type anodes for AIBs is highlighted. Finally, the review summarizes the latest advancements in heterojunction technology and discusses future directions for research and development in this area.
Considering their affordability and high strength-to-weight ratio,lightweight aluminium alloys are the subject of intensive research aimed at improving their properties for use in the aerospace *** research effort aim...
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Considering their affordability and high strength-to-weight ratio,lightweight aluminium alloys are the subject of intensive research aimed at improving their properties for use in the aerospace *** research effort aims to develop novel hybrid composites based on AA 2014 alloy through the use of liquid metallurgy stir casting to reinforce dual ceramic particles of Zirconium Diboride(ZrB_(2))and Boron Carbide(B4C).The weight percentage(wt%)of ZrB_(2) was varied(0,5,10,and 15),while a constant 5 wt%of B4C was maintained during this *** as-cast samples have been assessed using an Optical Microscope(OM)and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS).The properties such as hardness,tensile strength,and wear characteristics of stir cast specimens were assessed to examine the impact of varying weight percentages of reinforcements in AA 2014 *** particular,dry sliding wear behaviour was evaluated considering varied loads using a pin-on-disc *** the weight%of ZrB_(2) grew and B4C was incorporated,hybrid composites showed higher hardness,tensile strength,and wear ***,the incorporation of a cumulative reinforcement consisting of 15 wt%ZrB_(2) and 5 wt%B4C resulted in a significant 31.86%increase in hardness and a 44.1%increase in tensile strength compared to AA 2014 *** addition,it has been detected that wear resistance of hybrid composite pin(containing 20 wt%cumulative reinforcement)is higher than that of other stir cast wear test pins during the whole range of applied *** surfaces of tensile specimens showed ductile fracture in the AA 2014 matrix and mixed mode for hybrid *** surfaces obtained employing higher applied load indicated abrasive wear with little plastic deformation for hybrid composites and dominant adhesive wear for matrix ***,the superior mechanical and tribological performance of hybrid composites can be attributed to dual reinforcement pa
The Internet of Vehicles(IoVs)has seen rapid development due to advances in advanced communication *** 5-th Generation(5G)systems will be integrated into next-generation vehicles,enabling them to operate more efficien...
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The Internet of Vehicles(IoVs)has seen rapid development due to advances in advanced communication *** 5-th Generation(5G)systems will be integrated into next-generation vehicles,enabling them to operate more efficiently by cooperating with the *** millimeter Wave(mmWave)technology is projected to provide a large bandwidth to meet future needs for more effective data rate communications.A viable approach for transferring raw sensor data among autonomous vehicles would be to use mmWave *** paper attracts various research interests in academic,indoor,and outdoor mmWave *** paper presents mmWave propagation measurements for indoor and outdoor at 66 GHz frequency for IoVs *** proposed model examines the equivalent path loss using Free-Space Path Loss(FSPL)based on the transmitter and receiver distances for indoor and outdoor communications of the *** the indoor scenario,path loss propagation has the lowest penetration loss,but it is ineffective in the outdoor scenario because distance increases as free space path loss *** probability of error is increased,concerning the transmitter and receiver distances due to propagation effect,packet collisions,busy receiver,and sensing *** proposed methodology shows a higher packet delivery ratio and average throughput with less delay in the connection during transmission.
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