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Influence of B4C and ZrB2 reinforcements on microstructural,mechanical and wear behaviour of AA 2014 aluminium matrix hybrid composites

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 242-254页

作者： Ramesh Babu R Rajendran C Saiyathibrahim A Rajkumar Velu Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpagam Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore 641105India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatore 641008India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology JammuJammu and Kashmir 181221India

Considering their affordability and high strength-to-weight ratio,lightweight aluminium alloys are the subject of intensive research aimed at improving their properties for use in the aerospace *** research effort aims to develop novel hybrid composites based on AA 2014 alloy through the use of liquid metallurgy stir casting to reinforce dual ceramic particles of Zirconium Diboride(ZrB_(2))and Boron Carbide(B4C).The weight percentage(wt%)of ZrB_(2) was varied(0,5,10,and 15),while a constant 5 wt%of B4C was maintained during this *** as-cast samples have been assessed using an Optical Microscope(OM)and a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS).The properties such as hardness,tensile strength,and wear characteristics of stir cast specimens were assessed to examine the impact of varying weight percentages of reinforcements in AA 2014 *** particular,dry sliding wear behaviour was evaluated considering varied loads using a pin-on-disc *** the weight%of ZrB_(2) grew and B4C was incorporated,hybrid composites showed higher hardness,tensile strength,and wear ***,the incorporation of a cumulative reinforcement consisting of 15 wt%ZrB_(2) and 5 wt%B4C resulted in a significant 31.86%increase in hardness and a 44.1%increase in tensile strength compared to AA 2014 *** addition,it has been detected that wear resistance of hybrid composite pin(containing 20 wt%cumulative reinforcement)is higher than that of other stir cast wear test pins during the whole range of applied *** surfaces of tensile specimens showed ductile fracture in the AA 2014 matrix and mixed mode for hybrid *** surfaces obtained employing higher applied load indicated abrasive wear with little plastic deformation for hybrid composites and dominant adhesive wear for matrix ***,the superior mechanical and tribological performance of hybrid composites can be attributed to dual reinforcement pa

关键词： AA 2014 alloy Stir casting Hybrid composite Hardness Tensile strength Specific wear rate

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Intelligent Transportation System Performance Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Internet of Vehicle(IoV)Applications towards 5G

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Tsinghua Science and technology 2024年第6期29卷 1785-1795页

作者： Preeti Rani Rohit Sharma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyGhaziabad 201204India

The Internet of Vehicles(IoVs)has seen rapid development due to advances in advanced communication *** 5-th Generation(5G)systems will be integrated into next-generation vehicles,enabling them to operate more efficiently by cooperating with the *** millimeter Wave(mmWave)technology is projected to provide a large bandwidth to meet future needs for more effective data rate communications.A viable approach for transferring raw sensor data among autonomous vehicles would be to use mmWave *** paper attracts various research interests in academic,indoor,and outdoor mmWave *** paper presents mmWave propagation measurements for indoor and outdoor at 66 GHz frequency for IoVs *** proposed model examines the equivalent path loss using Free-Space Path Loss(FSPL)based on the transmitter and receiver distances for indoor and outdoor communications of the *** the indoor scenario,path loss propagation has the lowest penetration loss,but it is ineffective in the outdoor scenario because distance increases as free space path loss *** probability of error is increased,concerning the transmitter and receiver distances due to propagation effect,packet collisions,busy receiver,and sensing *** proposed methodology shows a higher packet delivery ratio and average throughput with less delay in the connection during transmission.

关键词： Free-Space Path Loss(FSPL) Internet of Vehicles(loVs) millimeter Wave(mmWave) the 5-th Generation(5G) indoor communication outdoor communication

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen Kumar Satish Kumar Sharma Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Emerging concerns associated with E-waste exposure in Bangladesh

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年第14期32卷 8595-8628页

作者： Faisal, Abu Kaisar Md Ankhi, Israt Jahan Hossain, Gazi Arman Ahmed, Mim Mashrur Siddhpura, Milind Masud, Mahadi Hasan Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Institute of Technology West PerthWA Australia

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to the increased generation of electronic waste (E-waste) throughout the world, and the proper management of this hazardous E-waste is of utmost challenge nowadays. Bangladesh, like any other developing country, needs to develop an appropriate E-waste management strategy and increase public awareness of handling E-waste. This research aims to provide a detailed overview of Bangladesh’s current E-waste generation scenario and its impact on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the existing policies and strategies followed by the Government of Bangladesh are briefly discussed, and different potential strategies that can enhance the existing management practice are also suggested. The study shows that improper E-waste management in Bangladesh resulted in a soil lead concentration of 587 parts per million (ppm) in 2023, which is far higher than the allowable limit provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, E-waste has resulted in air and dust containing a significant amount of Zn (2175 ppm) and Ni (1986 ppm). Water contamination is also a regular phenomenon due to the improper landfilling of the E-waste. Private–public partnership (PPP) and willingness to pay (WTP) are the two existing strategies the government uses for E-waste management. However, approaches like take-back and collection (TBC) and recognition-based (RB) systems may be incorporated to enhance the existing management scheme and ensure a sustainable future. This research will help the authorities develop a complete E-waste management route for Bangladesh that will greatly reduce the adverse effects of the waste by a significant margin. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Contamination E-waste Landfill Sustainability Toxicity

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Energy efficiency aware dynamic rate and power adaptation in carrier sensing based WLANs under Rayleigh fading and shadowing

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 918-933页

作者： Forkan Uddin Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1205Bangladesh

We consider the problem of energy efficiency aware dynamic adaptation of data transmission rate and transmission power of the users in carrier sensing based Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs)in the presence of path loss,Rayleigh fading and log-normal *** a data packet transmission,we formulate an optimization problem,solve the problem,and propose a rate and transmission power adaptation scheme with a restriction methodology of data packet transmission for achieving the optimal energy *** the restriction methodology of data packet transmission,a user does not transmit a data packet if the instantaneous channel gain of the user is lower than a *** evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme,we develop analytical models for computing the throughput and energy efficiency of WLANs under the proposed scheme considering a saturation traffic *** then validate the analytical models via *** find that the proposed scheme provides better throughput and energy efficiency with acceptable throughput fairness if the restriction methodology of data packet transmission is *** means of the analytical models and simulations,we demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides significantly higher throughput,energy efficiency and fairness index than a traditional non-adaptive scheme and an existing most relevant adaptive *** and energy efficiency gains obtained by the proposed scheme with respect to the existing adapting scheme are about 75%and 103%,respectively,for a fairness index of *** also study the effect of various system parameters on throughput and energy efficiency and provide various engineering insights.

关键词： Carrier sense multiple access Energy efficiency Fading and shadowing Rate and power adaptation Throughput Wireless local area networks

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A Hybrid CT-DEWCA Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Data and Storage Nodes in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 91392-91408页

作者： Khan, Imran Rauf, Muhammad Jamil, Atif Dawood University of Engineering & Technology Department of Electronics Engineering Karachi74800 Pakistan Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics Engineering Karachi74800 Pakistan Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer System Engineering Karachi74800 Pakistan

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face significant communication and performance challenges due to their harsh and dynamic underwater environment. To address these issues, efficient and robust communication models are essential. This research proposes an energy-aware deployment approach and introduces the Controlled Transmission Enhanced by hybrid model scheme with Differential Evolution, Whale Optimization, and Chaotic Adaptation (CT-DEWCA) for relay selection. This model enhances node placement by implementing a "strategic dual transmission" approach, which employs CT for short-distance data transfer and utilizes the DEW-CA hybrid algorithm to select optimal relay nodes for long-distance communication. The strategy optimizes energy allocation between storage and regular nodes. Simulations show that the CT-DEWCA model outperforms conventional Vector-Based Forwarding (VBF), Hop-by-Hop Vector-Based Forwarding (HH-VBF), Depth-Based Routing (DBR), and, with recent work, Energy-Efficient Artificial Fish Swarm-based Clustering Cognitive Intelligence Protocol (EAFSCCIP). The results show an improvement by an average of 5.4% in packet delivery ratio, 20% reduction in cumulative energy consumption, 6% increase in throughput, and 12% lower packet‐loss rate on average compared to the other protocols. This research offers a robust solution for enhancing UWSN performance and longevity by addressing critical energy efficiency issues and reliable data transmission in underwater environments. The proposed approach demonstrates the utility and potential of bio-inspired optimization techniques to tackle the unique challenges of underwater communication networks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Energy utilization

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PREDICTION OF THE ANTI-CARBONATION PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE BASED ON RANDOM FOREST – LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE MODEL

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Journal of Environmental engineering and Landscape Management 2025年第2期33卷 226-241页

作者： Sivaraja, M. Swaminathen, A.N. Kuttimarks, M.S. Rajprasad, J. Sakthivel, M. Rex, J. Department of Civil Engineering Nehru Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore641105 India Department of Civil Engineering Adi Shankara Institute of Engineering and Technology Kerala Kalady India Department of Civil Engineering Shivajirao S. Jondhle College of Engineering & Technology Maharastra Thane India Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattakulathur Tamilnadu 603203 India Department of Civil Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Trichy621215 India Department of Civil Engineering CK College of Engineering & Technology Tamilnadu Cuddalore607003 India

Concrete carbonation is a critical factor influencing the durability and longevity of concrete struc-tures, particularly in urban environments. Traditional methods for predicting the anti-carbonation performance (ACP) of concrete often lack precision and fail to account for complex interactions between influencing factors. In this study, a novel hybrid model combining random forest (RF) regression with a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed to enhance the accuracy of ACP predictions. The RF regression is utilized for feature selection, identifying the most significant factors affecting ACP and optimizing the input features for the LSSVM model. Our hybrid model is validated against a comprehensive dataset, demonstrating superior performance in predicting concrete carbonation resistance compared to conventional methods. Quantitative results show that the RF-LSSVM model achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5e–5 and a high coef-ficient of determination (R-squared) of 0.999, indicating robust predictive capability and accuracy. The main novelty of this work lies in the integration of RF and LSSVM to create a robust, accurate, and practical tool for assessing the durability of concrete structures. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Mean square error

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Comparative Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Heat Exchangers Featured with Peened Surface

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 50-61页

作者： DINESHBABU Chinnadurai SHIVA SANKARAN Nallasamy VENKATESH RAJAKrishnan VENKATESH Rathinavelu Department of Mechanical Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and TechnologyTamil Nadu-621215India Department of Mechanical Engineering Selvam College of TechnologyNamakkalTamil Nadu-637003India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalemTamil Nadu-636005India Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennai 602105TamilnaduIndia

Heat exchangers have the potential for various engineering applications,and their performance is enriched by surface *** proposed system enriches the heat exchanger's performance by adapting a peened stainless steel(SS)surface blasted with copper,grinding,sand,and *** influences peened SS surface modified with a copper blast,grinding,sandblast,and iron blast on the surface morphology of shell and tube heat exchanger surface(STHE)is analyzed via tungsten heated cathode electron gun featured scanning electron microscope and observed coarse grain *** SS surface featured STHE performance is experimentally evaluated by different flow rates(30,60,90,and 120 L/min)underwater fluid medium functioned by the temperature ranges of 25-75℃ and its results are compared with computational fluid dynamic(CFD)/heat transfer research(HTRI)analyzed *** 60 L/min flow rate was spotted as an optimum value for both shell and tube side *** STHE is operated with a 60 L/min flow rate under the different peened surfaces and evaluated its Stanton number,Nusselt number,logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD),overall heat transfer coefficient,number of transfer units(NTU),effectiveness,and exergy *** iron blasted SS peened surface was observed to have better SHTE performance like Stanton number(0.0012),Nusselt number(2180),reduced LMTD of 31℃,improved overall heat transfer co-efficient of 2400 W/(m^(2)·K),better NTU of 0.5532,good effectiveness value of 0.45162,and hiked exergy efficiency of 10% respectively.

关键词： penned surface performance analysis stainless steel shell and tube heat exchanger

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An asymmetrical multilevel inverter with minimum voltage stress and fewer components for photovoltaic renewable-energy system

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 1-22页

作者： Rabail Memon Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar Abdul Sattar Larik Syed Asif Ali shah Department of Electrical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroPakistan

The enhanced power quality provided by multilevel inverters(MLIs)has made them more appropriate for medium-and high-power applications,including photovoltaic ***,a prevalent limitation involves the necessity for numerous switches and increased voltage stress across these switches,consequently increasing the overall system *** address these challenges,a new 17-level asymmetrical MLI with fewer components and low voltage stress is proposed for the photovoltaic *** innovative MLI configuration has four direct current(DC)sources and 10 *** on the trinary sequence,the proposed topology uses photovoltaics with boost converters and fuzzy logic controllers as its DC *** equations are used to calculate cru-cial parameters for this proposed design,including total standing voltage per unit(TSVPU),cost function per level(CF/L),component count per level(CC/L)and voltage stress across the *** comparison is conducted by considering switches,DC sources,TSVPU,CF/L,gate driver circuits and CC/L with other existing MLI *** analysis is carried out under various conditions,encompassing different levels of irradiance,variable loads and modulation *** reduce the total harmonic distortion of the suggested topology,the phase opposition disposition approach has been *** suggested framework is simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink®.The results indicate that the proposed topology achieves a well-distributed stress profile across the switches and has CC/L of 1.23,TSVPU of 5 and CF/L of 4.58 and 5.76 with weight coefficients of 0.5 and 1.5,*** values are not-ably superior to those of existing MLI *** results demonstrate that the proposed topology maintains a consistent output at varying irradiance levels with FLCs and exhibits robust performance under variable loads and diverse modulation ***,the total harmonic distortion achieved with phase opposition disposi

关键词： asymmetrical multilevel inverter photovoltaic system renewable energy component count per level cost function per level total standing voltage per unit phase opposition disposition technique

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