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POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND DIBENZOFURAN CONTAMINATION AT METAL RECOVERY FACILITIES, OPEN BURN SITES, AND A RAILROAD CAR INCINERATION FACILITY

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environmental SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1995年第3期29卷 677-684页

作者： HARNLY, M STEPHENS, R MCLAUGHLIN, C MARCOTTE, J PETREAS, M GOLDMAN, L Environmental Health Investigations Branch California Department of Health Services (DHS) Berkeley California 94704 United States Hazardous Materials Laboratory currently part of the California Environmental Protection Agency United States Toxic Substances Control Program currently part of the California Environmental Protection Agency United States Currently with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency United States

Soil and ash surface samples (n = 44) were collected from three historical metal recovery facilities where copper scrap was a dominant feed stream, three sites of open burning where evidence of copper recovery was visible, and from a railroad car incineration facility. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) are in the low parts per billion range with PCDF concentrations significantly lower in samples from the railroad car facility. In fly ash from a copper wire and aluminum scrap recovery facility, PCDD and PCDF concentrations are high, 50 and 460 ppm. Consistent with that cited for other combustion sources, ratios of PCDD to PCDF are mostly greater than 1. However, a lower ratio (0.4), is observed in samples from the railroad car incineration facility. OCDF and OCDD are significantly correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQ). These congeners may be inexpensively analyzed and may be useful as indicator chemicals at similar sites and facilities. Further investigations of metal recovery facilities and open burn sites worldwide are necessary.

关键词： Soil pollution Dibenzodioxin Dibenzofurans

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FIELD SAMPLING OF RESIDUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANDY SOIL

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENDORF, DW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF 1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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THE GROUND-WATER MANAGEMENT ZONE - AN ALTERNATIVE TO COSTLY REMEDIATION

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1989年第1期9卷 70-&页

作者： APGAR, MA CHERRY, PJ JORDAN, JH WILLIAMS, SN Michael A. Apgar is the senior hydrologist with the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (P.O. Box 1401 Dover DE 19903). He has geology degrees from Rutgers (A.B. 1968) and Penn State (M.S. 1971) and work experience with USGS (Trenton 1967–8) consulting (Roy F. Weston 1971–4) teaching (Wesley College 1985–6) and regulating (Delaware DNREC 1974–88). He is a certified geohydrologist (AIH) and a registered professional geologist (Delaware). Philip J. Cherry program manager and supervisor of the Water Supply Branch within the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (P.O. Box 1401 Dover DE 19903) received his B.A. in geology from the State University of New York in 1978 and an M.S. in geology at the University of Delaware in 1983. Since joining the Delaware DNREC in 1983 he has been involved in all aspects of ground water development management and protection in Delaware. Judy Jordan has a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Delaware (1984). She went to work for the consulting firm Roy F. Weston Inc. as a geologist and left the company after a brief interval to study law at Widener University. She was then employed by the State of Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control's Hazardous Waste Branch (P.O. Box 1401 Dover DE 19903) and is currently serving as a hydrogeologist in DNREC's Water Supply Branch. After completion of her J.D. she plans to specialize in environmental/land use law. Stephen N. Williams is an environmental program manager for the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (P.O. Box 1401 Dover DE 19903). His responsibilities include supervision of the Water Supply Branch Well Permit Program promoting sound practices of effective ground water management. He graduated from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania with a B.S. in geology in 1982. He graduated from the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1986 earning an M.S. in geology. He is a professor of physical

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EMERGING ROLES OF NIH AND EPA IN THE REGULATION OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1983年第9期1卷 757-768页

作者： KORWEK, EL Edward L. Korwek Ph.D. J.D. is associated with the law offices of Keller and Heckman 1150 17th St. N.W. Washington D.C. 20036.REFERENCES Committee on Recombinant DNA "Potential Biohazards of Recombinant DNA Molecules" Nature250: 175 (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.71: 2593 (1974) Science185: 303 (1974).|Article|Fed. Regist.48: 24556 (1983).Milewski E. Editor's Note. Recombinant DNA Tech. Bull.4: i (1981).Inside EPA 4 1 (1983). EPA has already held a meeting and published a draft report on the subject of its regulation of this area under the TSCA. EPA "Administrator's Toxic Substances Advisory Committee Meeting" Fed. Regist.48: 8342 (1983) Regulation of Genetically Engineered Substances Under TSCA Chemical Control Division Office of Toxic Substances Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. (March 1982). Congress also recently held a hearing on the subject of existing federal authority over the release of R-DNA-containing organisms into environment. M. Sun Science221: 136 (1983).Sects. 2-30 15 U.S. Code sects. 2601-2629 (1976 and Supp. V 1981). Hereinafter all references in the text to TSCA refer to the section numbers as enacted and not to the corresponding U.S. Code sections.The Administrative Procedure Act specifically states that the reviewing court shall "hold unlawful and set aside agency action findings and conclusions found to be hellip in excess of statutory jurisdiction authority or limitations or short of statutory right. hellip " 5 U.S. Code sect. 706(2)(C) (1976).PHS Act 42 U.S. Code sects. 217a and 241 (1976) Charter Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Department of Health and Human Services (1982).Korwek E. Food Drug and Cosm. L. J.35: 633 (1980) p. 636.Although DHHS has some authority under Section 361 of the PHS Act to regulate R-DNA materials that cause human disease and are communicable most types of experimentation would not fall into this category. Because of this limitation the Sub committee of the Federal

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Abstracts

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environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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ANALYSIS OF ALKYLATING AGENTS . APPLICATIONS TO AIR POLLUTION

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1969年第A2期163卷 895-&页

作者： SAWICKI, E SAWICKI, CR U. S. Department of Health Education and Welfare Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service National A ir Pollution Control A dministration Chemical and Physical Research and Development Program Cincinnati Ohio

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FLUORIMETRIC AND COLORIMETRIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR HISTAMINE

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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1970年第1期15卷 25-&页

作者： SAWICKI, E SAWICKI, CR GOLDEN, CC KOBER, T Division of Chemistry and Physics U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service National Air Pollution Control Administration Chemical and Physical Research and Development Program Cincinnati Ohio 45226 USA

Reagents useful in analysis of histamine are compared in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, color stability, reproducibility, and simplicity. Some of the procedures are new. Of the colorimetric methods the 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde and the azobenzenediazonium fluoborate methods are the most sensitive and are highly reproducible with good color stability. Under present conditions only the o -phathalaldehyde method has the requisite sensitivity for use in histamine-release studies of aeroallergens. As the basic procedure is improved, analysts should be able to apply some of the other methods in the assay of aeroallergens, coallergens, antiallergens, enhancers, and sensitizers by the histamine-release procedure.

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TLC-FLUORIMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR ATMOSPHERIC SCOPOLETIN

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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1969年第3期14卷 437-&页

作者： SAWICKI, E GOLDEN, C U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare Consumer Protection & Environmental Health Service National Air Pollution Control Administration Chemical and Physical Research and Development Program Cincinnati Ohio 45226 U.S.A.

The evidence for the presence of scopoletin in airborne particulates, house dust, and coffee roast effluents consists of R f values obtained with silica gel thin-layer chromatography and mobility values obtained with paper electrophoresis, as well as fluorescence spectra obtained from the chromatogram and from methanolic, alkaline methanolic, and sulfuric acid solutions. By a procedure involving TLC SPF, scopoletin has been assayed in these various samples. Recovery of scopoletin from enriched airborne particulates was 97%. These various separations and fluorimetric examinations have shown that a large number of unknowns was also present in these samples.

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RAPID FLUORIMETRIC METHODS BY INSTANT THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR ASSAY OF PHENALEN-1-ONE AND 7H-BENZ(DE)-ANTHRACEN-7-ONE IN POLLUTED URBAN ATMOSPHERES

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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1968年第3-4期37卷 508-&页

作者： ENGEL, CR SAWICKI, E U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service National Air Pollution Control Administration Chemical and Physical Research and Development Program 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati Ohio 45226 U.S.A.

Through the use of the glass-fiber paper impregnated with silica gel (called instant thin-layer chromatography, or ITLC), the rapid determination of phenalen-1-one (PO) and 7H-benz( de )anthracen-7-one (BO) is facilitated. Onemethod is introduced for the specific determination of PO, and one method for the determination of both PO and BO at the same time. Both methods are superior to previous methods in terms of speed, selectivity, simplicity, and sensitivity. In addition, they give reasonable accuracy and precision. Samples from urban atmospheres and air pollution source effluents can be analyzed rapidly for PO and BO by these methods. Analysis of one sample of organic extracts would take less than 30 minutes; analysis of a dozen samples would take less than 2 h. For those laboratories without instrumentation the amount of PO and BO can be estimated by eye after separation; eight analyses for either compound can be accomplished in about 20 minutes.

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EFFECTS OF ULTRA-LOW VOLUME APPLICATIONS OF MALATHION IN HALE COUNTY, TEXAS. 2 MOSQUITO POPULATIONS IN TREATED AND UNTREATED AREAS

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 1970年第1期7卷 85-+页

作者： MITCHELL, CJ KILPATRICK, JW HAYES, RO CURRY, HW Arboviral Disease Section Ecological Investigations Program National Communicable DiseaseCenter Health Services and Mental Health Administration Public Health Service U. S. Department of Health Education and Welfare 308 S. Broadway Plainview Texas 79072 U.S.A. P. O. Box 551 Fort CollinsColorado 80521 U.S.A. Aedes aegypti Eradication Program Environmental Control Administration Consumer Protection and Environmental Health ServiceAtlanta Georgia 30333 U.S.A. Department of Public Safety City of Plainview 901 N. Broadway Plainview Texas 79072 U.S.A.

The effects of ultra-low volume (ULV) aerial applications of technical malathion at the rate of 214 g/ha (3 oz. per acre) on mosquito populations was evaluated in 3 Hale County, Texas towns during June through August, 1967. Light trap and sentinel shed trap indices were used to follow trends in adult mosquito population fluctuations in the treated towns and in I untreated town and selected rural sites. Four species,Aedes nigromaculis(Ludl.),Aedes vexans(Meig.),Gulex tarsalisCoq., andPsorophora signipennis(Theob.), made up 99% of the mosquitoes collected in light traps. Only 3 species,A. vexans, C. tarsalis, andGulex pipiens quinquefasciatusSay, were commonly collected in chicken-baited sentinel shed traps. An evaluation of the effects of ULV aerial treatments with malathion on mosquito populations was made by comparing pre- and post-treatment population indices. These comparisons indicated that lasting mosquito control was not achieved. Although Substantial reductions were some times obtained by treating, there was evidence thatG. tarsalispopulations in Plainview returned to their pre-treatment levels by the third day following treatment, and thatPsorophoraandAedesspp. did so by the fourth and fifth days, respectively. It was apparent also that mosquito populations built up and declined on a seasonal basis independently of the treatments. Infiltration of adult mosquitoes from outside the treated areas was postulated to account for the rapid post-treatment population build-ups.

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