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Daily patterns of physical activity by type 2 diabetes definition: Comparing diabetes, prediabetes, and participants with normal glucose levels in NHANES 2003-2006

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Preventive Medicine Reports 2015年 2卷 152-157页

作者： Steeves, Jeremy A. Murphy, Rachel A. Crainiceanu, Ciprian M. Zipunnikov, Vadim Van Domelen, Dane R. Harris, Tamara B. Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Rockville MD United States Department of Kinesiology and Center for Aging and Translational Research College of Health Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 2400 E Hartford Ave Milwaukee 53211 WI United States Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging Bethesda MD United States Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Emory University Atlanta GA United States

Objective: Diabetes is associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but detailed objective information about how PA patterns vary by diabetes definition is lacking. Methods: PA was measured with ActiGraph accelerometers in older (60. +) adults from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (. n=. 1,043) and analyzed in 2014. Diabetes definition (normal glucose levels, prediabetes, and diabetes) was assessed (fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and self-report). Accelerometer data were used to characterize total activity counts (TAC) per day and hour-by-hour activity counts by diabetes definition. Multiple linear regression models explored the relationship between diabetes definition and TAC. Results: Despite similar patterns of PA, diabetes participants had significantly lower TAC compared to participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes. Diabetes participants' activity counts per hour declined more rapidly after 12. p.m., with the biggest differences between the groups occurring at 4:00. p.m. Participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes had similar TAC and daily PA profiles. Conclusion: Our novel methodology provides information about PA patterns by diabetes definition. Significantly lower TAC in the diabetes group, their significant drop in afternoon PA, and the similarity of PA between participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes provide insight into potential targets for intervention. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Cross sectional Diabetes PA Patterns Prediabetes

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Particulate Matter from Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes: a Systematic Review and Observational Study

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Current environmental health reports 2015年第4期2卷 423-429页

作者： Fernández, Esteve Ballbè, Montse Sureda, Xisca Fu, Marcela Saltó, Esteve Martínez-Sánchez, Jose M. Tobacco Control Unit Cancer Prevention and Control Program Institut Català d’Oncologia WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Cancer Prevention and Control Group Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Addictions Unit Institute of Neurosciences Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Department of Preventive Medicine Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Spain Health Plan Directorate Ministry of Health Generalitat de Catalunya Spain Biostatistics Unit Department of Basic Sciences Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Sant Cugat del Vallès Spain

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the literature on the composition of aerosols from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) originated by human vaping and to describe the emission of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM_2.5) from conventional and e-cigarettes at home in real-use conditions. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science. We measured PM_2.5 in four different homes: one from a conventional cigarette smoker, one from an e-cigarette user, and two from non-smokers. Results: The review identified eight previous investigations on the composition of aerosols from e-cigarettes originated by human vaping and indicated that emissions from e-cigarettes can contain potential toxic compounds such as nicotine, carbonyls, metals, and organic volatile compounds, besides particulate matter. In the observational study, the PM_2.5 median concentration was 9.88 μg/m³ in the e-cigarette user home and 9.53 and 9.36 μg/m³ in the smoke-free homes, with PM_2.5 peaks concurrent with the e-cigarette puffs. Conclusion: Both the literature review and the observational study indicate that e-cigarettes used under real-conditions emit toxicants, including PM_2.5. Further research is needed to characterize the chemicals emitted by different types of e-cigarettes and to assess secondhand exposure to e-cigarette aerosol using biological markers. © 2015, Springer International Publishing AG.

关键词： E-cigarette Electronic cigarette Electronic nicotine delivery system Particulate matter Tobacco smoke pollution

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American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2016年第5期214卷 667-8页

作者： Robert A Bednarczyk Daniella Figueroa-Downing Kevin Ault Hubert Department of Global Health and Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Cancer Prevention and Control Program Winship Cancer Institute and Emory Vaccine Center Atlanta GA. Electronic address: rbednar@emory.edu. Hubert Department of Global Health and Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS.

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Acceptable and Preferred Cervical cancer Screening Intervals among U.S. Women

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American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第6期49卷 e99-e107页

作者： Cooper, Crystale Purvis Saraiya, Mona Sawaya, George F. Soltera Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Tucson AZ United States Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion CDC MS K76 4770 Buford Hwy Atlanta 30341 GA United States Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco CA United States

Introduction Current U.S. cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend a 3- or 5-year screening interval depending on age and screening modality. However, many women continue to be screened annually. The purpose of this study is to investigate U.S. women's self-reported frequency of cervical cancer screening, acceptance of an extended screening interval (once every 3-5 years), and preferred screening options. Methods Data from a 2012 web-based survey of U.S. women aged ≥18 years who had not undergone a hysterectomy or been diagnosed with cervical cancer (N=1,380) were analyzed in 2014. Logistic regression models of extended screening interval use, acceptance, and preference were developed. Results Annual Pap testing was the most widely used (48.5%), accepted (61.0%), and preferred (51.1%) screening option. More than one third of respondents (34.4%) indicated that an extended screening interval would be acceptable, but only 6.3% reported that they were currently screened on an extended interval. Women who preferred an extended screening interval (32.9% of those willing to accept regular screening) were more likely to report no primary care visits during the last 12 months (AOR=2.05, p<0.003), no history of abnormal Pap test results (AOR=1.71, p=0.013), and that their last Pap test was performed by an internist/family practitioner rather than an obstetrician-gynecologist (AOR=2.03, p<0.001). Conclusions U.S. women's acceptance of and preference for an extended cervical cancer screening interval appears to be more widespread than utilization. Strategies to educate women about the reasoning behind recommendations for less-than-annual testing and to foster informed preferences should be devised and evaluated.

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Correction to: Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the Pancreatic cancer Case–control Consortium

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Annals of Oncology 2016年第1期27卷 208-208页

作者： M. Waterhouse H.A. Risch C. Bosetti K.E. Anderson G.M. Petersen W.R. Bamlet M. Cotterchio S.P. Cleary T.I. Ibiebele C. La Vecchia H.G. Skinner L. Strayer P.M. Bracci P. Maisonneuve H.B. Bueno-de-Mesquita W. Zatoński L. Lu H. Yu R.E. Neale Division of Population Health QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Centre for Research Excellence in Sun and Health Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Australia Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health New Haven USA Department of Epidemiology IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’ Milan Italy Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester USA Prevention and Cancer Control Cancer Care Ontario Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy Truven Health Analytics Durham Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology Milan Italy National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK Department of Epidemiology The Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw Poland Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu USA

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A genome-wide association study meta-analysis of clinical fracture in 10,012 African American women

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Bone Reports 2016年 5卷 233-242页

作者： Taylor, Kira C. Evans, Daniel S. Edwards, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Todd L. Sofer, Tamar Li, Guo Liu, Yongmei Franceschini, Nora Jackson, Rebecca D. Giri, Ayush Donneyong, Macarius Psaty, Bruce Rotter, Jerome I. LaCroix, Andrea Z. Jordan, Joanne M. Robbins, John A. Lewis, Beth Stefanick, Marcia L. Garcia, Melissa Harris, Tamara Cauley, Jane A. North, Kari E. School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville 485 E Gray St. Louisville 40202 KY United States Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 137 E. Franklin St. Chapel Hill 27514 NC United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 137 E. Franklin St. Chapel Hill 27514 NC United States California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute 550 16th Street Box 0560 San Francisco 94158-2549 CA United States Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University 2525 West End Avenue Nashville 37203 TN United States Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University 2525 West End Avenue Nashville 37203 TN United States Department of Biostatistics University of Washington UW Tower 15th floor 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE Seattle 98105 United States Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine University of Washington Metropolitan Park East Tower 1730 Minor Ave Suite 1360 Seattle 98101 WA United States Thurston Arthritis Research Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3300 Thurston Bldg. CB# 7280 Chapel Hill 27599-7280 NC United States The Ohio State University 376 W 10th Avenue Suite 260 Columbus 43210 OH United States Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital 1620 Tremont St St 3030 Boston 02120 MA United States Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Departments of Medicine Epidemiology and Health Services University of Washington Institute of Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Harbor-UCLA Medical Center 1124 W. Carson Street Bldg. E-5 Torrance 90502 CA United States Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave N Seattle 98109 WA United States Department of Medicine Uni

Background Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with excess disability and mortality. It is estimated that 50–70% of the variation in osteoporotic fracture risk is attributable to genetic factors. The purpose of this hypothesis-generating study was to identify possible genetic determinants of fracture among African American (AA) women in a GWAS meta-analysis. Methods Data on clinical fractures (all fractures except fingers, toes, face, skull or sternum) were analyzed among AA female participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (N = 8155), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (N = 504), BioVU (N = 704), Health ABC (N = 651), and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project (JoCoOA) (N = 291). Affymetrix (WHI) and Illumina (Health ABC, JoCoOA, BioVU, CHS) GWAS panels were used for genotyping, and a 1:1 ratio of YRI:CEU HapMap haplotypes was used as an imputation reference panel. We used Cox proportional hazard models or logistic regression to evaluate the association of ~ 2.5 million SNPs with fracture risk, adjusting for ancestry, age, and geographic region where applicable. We conducted a fixed-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. Genome-wide significance was set at P < 5 × 10^− 8. Results One SNP, rs12775980 in an intron of SVIL on chromosome 10p11.2, reached genome-wide significance (P = 4.0 × 10^− 8). Although this SNP has a low minor allele frequency (0.03), there was no evidence for heterogeneity of effects across the studies (I² = 0). This locus was not reported in any previous osteoporosis-related GWA studies. We also interrogated previously reported GWA-significant loci associated with fracture or bone mineral density in our data. One locus (SMOC1) generalized, but overall there was not substantial evidence of generalization. Possible reasons for the lack of generalization are discussed. Conclusion This GWAS meta-analysis of fractures in African American women identified a potentially novel lo

关键词： African American Fracture Genetic association study Genome-wide association study (GWAS) Meta-analysis Osteoporosis

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Erratum to: Noticing cigarette health warnings and support for new health warnings among non-smokers in China: findings from the International Tobacco control project (ITC) China survey

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BMC public health 2017年第1期17卷 581-581页

作者： Zejun Li Tara Elton-Marshall Geoffrey T Fong Anne Chiew Kin Quah Guoze Feng Yuan Jiang Sara C Hitchman Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London England. Social and Epidemiological Research Department Centre for Addiction and Mental Health London Canada. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Western University London Canada. Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada. Department of Psychology University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada. School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Toronto ON Canada. Tobacco Control Office Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China. Department of Addictions Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London England. sara.hitchman@kcl.ac.uk. UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies Nottingham UK. sara.hitchman@kcl.ac.uk. Addictions Department Addictions Sciences Building Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London 4 Windsor Walk Denmark Hill London SE5 8BB England. sara.hitchman@kcl.ac.uk.

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Reply to NV Dhurandhar et al

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The Journal of nutrition 2016年第5期146卷 1142-3页

作者： Amy F Subar Laurence S Freedman Sharon I Kirkpatrick Carol Boushey Nancy Potischman Patricia M Guenther Susan M Krebs-Smith From the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD (SMK-S and AFS e-mail: subara@mail.nih.gov) the Biostatistics Unit Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research Tel Hashomer Israel (LSF) the School of Public Health and Health Systems University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada (SIK) the Cancer Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu HI (CB) the Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Bethesda MD (NP) and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT (PMG).

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Combined Biomarkers Discriminate Mortality Risk Among Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Sepsis

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2016年第SUPPL_1期3卷

作者： Kelly, Brendan Lautenbach, Ebbing Nachamkin, Irving Coffin, Susan Gerber, Jeffrey S. Fuchs, Barry Garrigan, Charles Han, Xiaoyan Bilker, Warren Wise, Jacqueleen Tolomeo, Pam Han,, Jennifer Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention Epicenters Program Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics Division of Infectious Diseases The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania

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Testing Interventions to Motivate and Educate (TIME): A multi-level intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening

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Preventive Medicine Reports 2015年 2卷 306-313页

作者： Krok-Schoen, Jessica L. Young, Gregory S. Pennell, Michael L. Reiter, Paul L. Katz, Mira L. Post, Douglas M. Tatum, Cathy M. Paskett, Electra D. Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University 1590 N. High St. Suite 525 Columbus 43201 OH United States Center for Biostatistics The Ohio State University 2012 Kenny Rd. Columbus 43221 OH United States Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health The Ohio State University 1841 Neil Ave. Columbus 43210 OH United States Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine The Ohio State University 395 W. 12th Ave. Columbus 43210 OH United States Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion College of Public Health The Ohio State University 1841 Neil Ave. Columbus 43210 OH United States Department of Family Medicine College of Medicine The Ohio State University 2231 N. High St. Columbus 43201 OH United States Division of Epidemiology College of Public Health The Ohio State University 1841 Neil Ave. Columbus 43210 OH United States

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intervention directed at three levels (clinic, provider, patient) in a primary care setting. Method: We conducted a group randomized trial (Clinical Trials registration no. NCT01568151) among 10 primary care clinics in Columbus, Ohio that were randomized to a study condition (intervention or usual care). We determined the effect of a multi-level, stepped behavioral intervention on receipt of a CRC screening test among average-risk patients from these clinics over the study period. Results: Patients (n = 527) who were outside of CRC screening recommendations were recruited. Overall, 35.4% of participants in the intervention clinics had received CRC screening by the end of the study compared to 35.1% of participants who were in the usual care clinics. Time to CRC screening was also similar across arms (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.65-1.45). Conclusion: The multi-level intervention was not effective in increasing CRC screening among participants who needed a test, perhaps due to low participation of patients in the stepped intervention. Future studies utilizing evidence-based strategies to encourage CRC screening are needed. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： cancer prevention cancer screening Colorectal cancer Lay health advisor Multi-level interventions

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