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Secular trends in incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Beijing, China, 2000-2016

Chinese Journal of cancer Research 2019年第2期31卷 306-315页

作者： Lei Yang Ning Wang Yannan Yuan Shuo Liu Huichao Li Jing Tian Jiafu Ji Aiguo Ren Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Institute of Reproductive and Child Health Peking University/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health (Peking University) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Beijing Office for Cancer Prevention and Control Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize secular trends in the sex-specific, age-standardized incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2016 based on data from a populationbased cancer ***: Data on the incidence of cancer from 2000 to 2016 were obtained from the Beijing cancer *** examined trends in the sex-specific, age-standardized incidence of lung cancer by histological type using a Joinpoint regression ***: A total of 117,409 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed from 2000 to 2016. Overall, 73,062(62.23%)patients were males. The most common histological type among both sexes was adenocarcinoma; however, the proportion of adenocarcinoma differed significantly between males and females(45.36% vs. 77.14%, respectively,P<0.0001). The age-standardized incidence of total lung cancer increased from 2000 to 2010 with an annual percent change(APC) of 2.2% [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 1.5% to 2.9%] and stabilized thereafter. Among males, the incidence of total lung cancer peaked in 2008 and then decreased slightly, with an APC of-1.1%(95%CI,-2.1% to-0.1%). Among females, the incidence increased continuously during the study period, with an APC of 1.4%(95% CI, 0.9% to 1.9%). The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly in recent years among both sexes, with APCs of-2.6%(95% CI,-4.5% to-0.6%) from 2007 to 2016 for males and-5.4%(95%CI,-7.2% to-3.6%) from 2004 to 2016 for females. In contrast, the incidence of adenocarcinoma increased continuously throughout the study period, by APCs of 4.0%(95% CI, 2.6% to 5.4%) for males and 6.2%(95% CI,4.8% to 7.6%) for females. The incidence of small cell carcinoma peaked in 2007 and stabilized thereafter among males, whereas it peaked in 2012 and then decreased with an APC of-14.7%(95% CI,-25.3% to-2.6%) among females. The incidence of large cell carcinoma and other specified malignant neoplasm did not change much,whereas the inc

关键词： Lung cancer secular trends incidence Beijing cancer registration

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Absenteeism and Health Behavior Trends Associated With Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community Household Cohort, King County, Washington

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AJPM Focus 2024年第4期3卷 100248-100248页

作者： Chung, Erin Wang, Yongzhe Chow, Eric J. Emanuels, Anne Heimonen, Jessica Ogokeh, Constance E. Rolfes, Melissa A. Hughes, James P. Uyeki, Timothy M. Starita, Lea M. Hoag, Samara Boeckh, Michael Englund, Janet A. Chu, Helen Y. Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Public Health - Seattle & King County Seattle WA United States Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Georgia Atlanta Georgia Military and Health Research Foundation Laurel Maryland United States Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA United States Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA United States Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine Seattle WA United States Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA United States Student Health Services Seattle Public Schools Seattle WA United States University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA United States

Introduction: Longitudinal data on how acute respiratory illness (ARI) affects behavior, namely school or work participation, and nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI) usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. The authors assessed how ARIs and specific symptoms affected school, work, and health-related behaviors over time. Methods: From November 2019 to June 2021, participating households with children in King County, Washington, were remotely monitored for ARI symptoms weekly. Following ARIs, participants reported illness-related effects on school, work, and NPI use. Using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, the authors examined associations between symptoms and behaviors. Results: Of 1,861 participants, 581 (31%) from 293 households reported 884 ARIs and completed one-week follow-up surveys. Compared with the prepandemic period, during the period of the pandemic pre–COVID-19 vaccine, ARI-related school (56% vs 10%, p<0.001) absenteeism decreased and masking increased (3% vs 28%, p<0.001). After vaccine authorization in December 2020, more ARIs resulted in masking (3% vs 48%, p<0.001), avoiding contact with non-household members (26% vs 58%, p<0.001), and staying home (37% vs 69%, p<0.001) compared with the prepandemic period. Constitutional symptoms such as fever were associated with work disruptions (OR=1.91;95% CI=1.06, 3.43), staying home (OR=1.55;95% CI=1.06, 2.27), and decreased contact with non-household members (OR=1.58;95% CI=1.05, 2.36). Conclusions: This remote household study permitted uninterrupted tracking of behavioral changes in families with children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying increased use of some NPIs when ill but no additional illness-associated work or school disruptions. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： absenteeism COVID-19 households illness behavior non-pharmaceutical interventions viral infections

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Response to Dekker, Stege, and Versteeg

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Journal of the National cancer Institute 2021年第10期113卷 1436-1437页

作者： Jeanne S Mandelblatt Xingtao Zhou Brent J Small Jaeil Ahn Wanting Zhai Tim Ahles Martine Extermann Deena Graham Paul B Jacobsen Heather Jim Brenna C McDonald Sunita K Patel James C Root Andrew J Saykin Harvey Jay Cohen Judith E Carroll Department of Oncology Cancer Prevention and Control Program Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington DC USA. Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington DC USA. School of Aging Studies University of South Florida and Health Outcome and Behavior Program and Biostatistics Resource Core H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute at the University of South Florida Tampa FL USA. Department of Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Biomathematics Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington DC USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Department of Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center University of South Florida Tampa FL USA. John Theurer Cancer Center Hackensack NJ USA. Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences Healthcare Delivery Research Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute University of South Florida Tampa FL USA. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Center for Neuroimaging Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA. Departments of Population Sciences and Supportive Care Medicine City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte CA USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Departments of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY USA. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Center for Neuroimaging Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA. Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA. UCLA Department of

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Correlates of Non-Persistent Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Mixtures Among Reproductive-Aged Black Women in Detroit, Michigan

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Schildroth, Samantha Wise, Lauren A. Wesselink, Amelia K. Bethea, Traci N. Fruh, Victoria Taylor, Kyla W. Calafat, Antonia M. Baird, Donna D. Henn, Birgit Claus Department of Environmental Health Boston University School of Public Health BostonMA United States Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health BostonMA United States Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center WashingtonDC United States National Toxicology Program National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Research Triangle Park NC United States Division of Laboratory Sciences Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AtlantaGA United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences DurhamNC United States

Black women are exposed to multiple non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) at higher concentrations compared with white women. Using baseline data from a prospective cohort study of reproductive-aged Black women (N= 751), we characterized profiles of EDC mixtures and identified correlates of exposure. At baseline, we quantified biomarkers of 16 phthalates, 7 phenols, 4 parabens, and triclocarban in urine and collected covariate data through self-administered questionnaires and interviews. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and k- means clustering to describe EDC mixture profiles. Associations between correlates and PCs were estimated as the mean difference (β) in PC scores, while associations between correlates and cluster membership were estimated as the odds ratio (OR) of cluster membership with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Personal care product use was consistently associated with profiles of higher biomarker concentrations of non-persistent EDCs. Use of nail polish, feminine hygiene products, and sunscreen was associated with a mixture of phthalate and some phenol biomarkers using both methods. Current vaginal ring use was strongly associated with higher concentrations of high molecular weight phthalate biomarkers (from k- means clustering: OR= 2.42, 95% CI= 1.28, 4.59;from PCA: β= -0.32, 95% CI= -0.71, 0.07). Several dietary, reproductive, and demographic correlates were also associated with mixtures of EDC biomarkers. These findings suggest that personal care product use may be a main source of exposure to multiple non-persistent EDCs among reproductive-aged Black women, and that targeted strategies (e.g., reducing use of certain products or canned food consumption) should be implemented to reduce exposure to multiple EDCs among Black women. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phenols

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Discovery of an Inherited Variant Associated with Susceptibility to Secondary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) after Lenalidomide Maintenance and Autologous HCT for Multiple Myeloma (MM)

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Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 2024年第2期30卷 S99-S100页

作者： Zhu, Qianqian, PhD Herr, Megan, PhD Liang, Shuyi Hu, Qiang, MD, PhD Singh, Prashant K, PhD Gao, Xinyu Pasquini, Marcelo C. Leonard, Jessica T., MD Rosko, Ashley, MD Bayer, Ruthee-Lu, MD Krishnan, Amrita, MD Stadtmauer, Edward A., MD Maziarz, Richard T., MD McCarthy, Phillip L, MD Hahn, Theresa E., PhD Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY Cancer Genetics & Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI Center for Hematologic Malignancies - Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR The Ohio State University Columbus OH Hematology/Oncology North Shore University Hospital Northwell Health Lake Success NY City of Hope Duarte CA Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology and Oncology Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA Cancer Prevention & Control Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY

An increased risk of ALL second primary malignancy (SPM) has been observed with lenalidomide maintenance therapy after autologous HCT (len-post-autoHCT) for MM. Lenalidomide exerts its therapeutic effects via cereblon-mediated downregulation of the transcription factors Ikaros ( IKZF1) and Aiolos ( IKZF3). Inherited susceptibility variants in IKZF1 have been described for de novo ALL. We performed a case-control germline targeted sequencing study of the entire IKZF1 and IKZF3 genes with mean coverage ∼2,200X to investigate inherited susceptibility to ALL SPM risk. All cases and controls had a primary diagnosis of MM and received len-post-autoHCT with melphalan; sequencing was performed on an aliquot of the apheresis product or peripheral blood sample that was collected before autoHCT for MM. Cases of ALL SPMs were contributed by 4 individual centers and one national trial (BMT CTN 0702); each case had a maximum of 4 controls per case, sampled with replacement and matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity and duration of lenalidomide exposure (controls had longer duration of lenalidomide maintenance than cases). An additional control group of Acute Myeloid Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndrome (AML/MDS) SPMs after len-post-autoHCT were contributed by one center (Table). Multivariate logistic regression of case-control status, adjusted by age at HCT, sex, race/ethnicity, duration of lenalidomide maintenance, was performed for: 1) ALL SPM, 2) AML/MDS SPM, 3) ALL and AML/MDS SPM. We found the risk allele A of rs62447181 in IKZF1 had an OR=2.51 P=9.53 × 10 −3 for ALL SPM, OR=4.18 P=0.09 for AML/MDS SPM and OR=2.57 P=4.98 × 10 −3 for ALL&AML/MDS SPM. rs62447181 is a cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of IKZF1 in blood (p=3.88 × 10 −55 in eQTLGen Consortium data) and resides in a promoter-proximal enhancer predicted by the ENCODE project (Figure A). Our in silico analysis of transcription factor binding sites showed that rs62447181 disrupts the binding site of PLAGL2, a k

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Gestational exposure to environmental chemicals and epigenetic alterations in the placenta and cord blood mononuclear cells

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Epigenetics communications 2024年第1期4卷 4页

作者： Jagadeesh Puvvula Joseph M Braun Emily A DeFranco Shuk-Mei Ho Yuet-Kin Leung Shouxiong Huang Xiang Zhang Ann M Vuong Stephani S Kim Zana Percy Antonia M Calafat Julianne C Botelho Aimin Chen Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Epidemiology Brown University Providence RI USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA. Pathogen-Host Interaction Program Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio TX USA. Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA. Health Research Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus OH USA. National Center for Environmental Health U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA.

Background:Exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalates, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pregnancy can increase the risk of adverse newborn outcomes. We explored the associations between maternal exposure to select environmental chemicals and DNA methylation in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) and placental tissue (maternal and fetal sides) to identify potential mechanisms underlying these associations. Method:This study included 75 pregnant individuals who planned to give birth at the University of Cincinnati Hospital between 2014 and 2017. Maternal urine samples during the delivery visit were collected and analyzed for 37 biomarkers of phenols (12), phthalates (13), phthalate replacements (4), and PAHs (8). Cord blood and placenta tissue (maternal and fetal sides) were also collected to measure the DNA methylation intensities using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. We used linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders, to assess CpG-specific methylation changes in CBMC ( = 54) and placenta [fetal ( = 67) and maternal ( = 68) sides] associated with gestational chemical exposures (29 of 37 biomarkers measured in this study). To account for multiple testing, we used a false discovery rate q-values < 0.05 and presented results by limiting results with a genomic inflation factor of 1±0.5. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis was conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics pathways. Results:Among the 29 chemical biomarkers assessed for differential methylation, maternal concentrations of PAH metabolites (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene), monocarboxyisononyl phthalate, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, and bisphenol A were associated with altered methylation in placenta (maternal or fetal side). Among exposure biomarkers associated with epigenetic changes, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate were consistently associated wit

关键词： Cord blood Methylation Phenol Phthalate Placenta Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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The incubation period of COVID-19: a global meta-analysis of 53 studies and a Chinese observation study of 11 545 patients

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第5期10卷 1-13页

作者： Cheng Cheng DongDong Zhang Dejian Dang Juan Geng Peiyu Zhu Mingzhu Yuan Ruonan Liang Haiyan Yang Yuefei Jin Jing Xie Shuaiyin Chen Guangcai Duan Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityNo.100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou 450001HenanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityNo.100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou 450001HenanPeople’s Republic of China Infection Prevention and Control Department The Fifth Afliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityNo.3 Kangfuqian StreetZhengzhou 450052HenanPeople’s Republic of China Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Zhengzhou UniversityNo.100 Kexue AvenueZhengzhou 450001HenanPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials(BaCT) Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreNo.305 Grattan StreetMelbourne 3000VictoriaAustralia

Background:The incubation period is a crucial index of epidemiology in understanding the spread of the emerging Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In this study,we aimed to describe the incubation period of COVID-19 globally and in the mainland of ***:The searched studies were published from December 1,2019 to May 26,2021 in CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,and Embase databases.A random-efect model was used to pool the mean incubation ***-regression was used to explore the sources of ***,we collected 11545 patients in the mainland of China outside Hubei from January 19,2020 to September 21,*** incubation period ftted with the Log-normal model by the coarseDataTools ***:A total of 3235 articles were searched,53 of which were included in the *** pooled mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.0 days(95%confdence interval[CI]5.6–6.5)globally,6.5 days(95%CI 6.1–6.9)in the mainland of China,and 4.6 days(95%CI 4.1–5.1)outside the mainland of China(P=0.006).The incubation period varied with age(P=0.005).Meanwhile,in 11545 patients,the mean incubation period was 7.1 days(95%CI 7.0–7.2),which was similar to the fnding in our ***:For COVID-19,the mean incubation period was 6.0 days globally but near 7.0 days in the mainland of China,which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control ***,attention should also be paid to the region-or age-specifc incubation period.

关键词： COVID-19 Incubation period Meta-analysis

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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Differences in Melanoma Between Canada and New South Wales, Australia: A Population-Based Genes, Environment, and Melanoma (GEM) Study

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JID Innovations 2021年第1期1卷 100002-100002页

作者： Yardman-Frank, Joseph Michael Glassheim, Elyssa Kricker, Anne Armstrong, Bruce K. Marrett, Loraine D. Luo, Li Cust, Anne E. Busam, Klaus J. Orlow, Irene Gallagher, Richard P. Gruber, Stephen B. Anton-Culver, Hoda Rosso, Stefano Zanetti, Roberto Sacchetto, Lidia Kanetsky, Peter A. Dwyer, Terence Venn, Alison Lee-Taylor, Julia Begg, Colin B. Thomas, Nancy E. Berwick, Marianne University of New Mexico School of Medicine New Mexico Albuquerque Mexico Sydney School of Public Health Melanoma Institute Australia University of Sydney Sydney Australia Melanoma Institute Australia University of Sydney Sydney Australia Sydney School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney Australia Sax Institute Sydney NSW Australia Prevention and Cancer Control Cancer Care Ontario Toronto Ontario Canada Division of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico New Mexico Albuquerque Mexico Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York United States BC Cancer Vancouver BC Canada City of Hope Duarte California United States Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine California United States Piedmont Cancer Registry Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont Turin Italy Department of Cancer Epidemiology Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida United States The George Institute University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Menzies Research Institute University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado United States Department of Dermatology Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA for the GEM Study Group Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA for the GEM Study Group Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico New Mexico Albuquerque Mexico Department of Dermatology University of New Mexico New Mexico Albuquerque Mexico

In an effort to understand the difference between melanomas diagnosed in Australia (New South Wales) and Canada, where the incidence in New South Wales is almost three times greater than in Canada, and mortality is twice as high although survival is slightly more favorable, we had one pathologist review 1,271 melanomas from British Columbia and Ontario, Canada, to compare these to melanomas in New South Wales, Australia. We hypothesized that histopathologic characteristics might provide insight into divergent pathways to melanoma development. We found a number of differences in risk factors and tumor characteristics between the two geographic areas. There were higher mole counts and darker phenotypes in the Canadian patients, while the Australian patients had greater solar elastosis, more lentigo maligna melanomas, and more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. We hypothesize that the differences observed may illustrate different etiologies – the cumulative exposure pathway among Australian patients and the nevus pathway among Canadian patients. This is one of the largest studies investigating the divergent pathway hypothesis and is particularly robust due to the evaluation of all lesions by one dermatopathologist. © 2021 The Authors

关键词： TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte

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Global, regional, and national estimates and trends in stillbirths from 2000 to 2019: a systematic assessment

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The Lancet 2021年第10302期398卷 772-785页

作者： Hug, Lucia You, Danzhen Blencowe, Hannah Mishra, Anu Wang, Zhengfan Fix, Miranda J Wakefield, Jon Moran, Allisyn C Gaigbe-Togbe, Victor Suzuki, Emi Blau, Dianna M Cousens, Simon Creanga, Andreea Croft, Trevor Hill, Kenneth Joseph, K.S. Maswime, Salome McClure, Elizabeth M Pattinson, Robert Pedersen, Jon Smith, Lucy K Zeitlin, Jennifer Alkema, Leontine Division of Data Analytics Planning and Monitoring UNICEF New York NY United States Maternal Adolescent Reproductive & Child Health Centre London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK United Kingdom Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA United States University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health WHO Geneva Switzerland UN Population Division New York NY United States Development Data Group World Bank Washington DC United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD United States The Demographic and Health Surveys Program ICF Rockville MD United States Stanton-Hill Research Moultonborough NH United States University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centre of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa RTI International Research Triangle Park NC United States SAMRC/UP Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Mikro Oslo Norway Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom Inserm UMR 1153 Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité DHU Risks in Pregnancy Paris Descartes University Paris France

Background: Stillbirths are a major public health issue and a sensitive marker of the quality of care around pregnancy and birth. The UN Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents’ Health (2016–30) and the Every Newborn Action Plan (led by UNICEF and WHO) call for an end to preventable stillbirths. A first step to prevent stillbirths is obtaining standardised measurement of stillbirth rates across countries. We estimated stillbirth rates and their trends for 195 countries from 2000 to 2019 and assessed progress over time. Methods: For a systematic assessment, we created a dataset of 2833 country-year datapoints from 171 countries relevant to stillbirth rates, including data from registration and health information systems, household-based surveys, and population-based studies. After data quality assessment and exclusions, we used 1531 datapoints to estimate country-specific stillbirth rates for 195 countries from 2000 to 2019 using a Bayesian hierarchical temporal sparse regression model, according to a definition of stillbirth of at least 28 weeks’ gestational age. Our model combined covariates with a temporal smoothing process such that estimates were informed by data for country-periods with high quality data, while being based on covariates for country-periods with little or no data on stillbirth rates. Bias and additional uncertainty associated with observations based on alternative stillbirth definitions and source types, and observations that were subject to non-sampling errors, were included in the model. We compared the estimated stillbirth rates and trends to previously reported mortality estimates in children younger than 5 years. Findings: Globally in 2019, an estimated 2·0 million babies (90% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·9–2·2) were stillborn at 28 weeks or more of gestation, with a global stillbirth rate of 13·9 stillbirths (90% UI 13·5–15·4) per 1000 total births. Stillbirth rates in 2019 varied widely across regions, from 22·8 stillbirths

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