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Estimation of the risk of lung cancer in women participating in a population-based breast cancer screening program

Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) 2020年第5期56卷 277-281页

作者： Adrián González-Marrón Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez Ferrán Garcia-Alemany Encarna Martínez-Martín Nuria Matilla-Santander Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso Carmen Vidal Montse García Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Sant Cugat del Vallès Spain Screening Cancer Unit Cancer Prevention and Control Program Institut Català d’Oncologia L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention Program T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Introduction Lung cancer mortality is increasing in women. In Spain, estimates suggest that lung cancer mortality may soon surpass breast cancer mortality, the main cause of cancer mortality among women. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of women at high risk of developing lung cancer in a group of participants in a population-based breast cancer screening program. Methods Cross-sectional study in a sample of women who participated in a population-based breast cancer screening program in 2016 in Hospitalet de Llobregat n = 1,601. High risk of lung cancer was defined according to the inclusion criteria of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and the Dutch-Belgian randomized lung cancer screening trial (NELSON). Results Around 20% of smokers according to NLST and 40% of smokers according to NELSON criteria, and around 20% of former smokers according to both criteria, are at high risk of developing lung cancer. A positive and statistically significant trend is observed between the proportion of women at high risk and nicotine dependence measured with the brief Fagerström Test. Conclusions A high proportion of participants in this breast cancer screening program have a high risk of developing lung cancer and would be eligible to participate in a lung cancer screening program. Population-based breast cancer screening programs may be useful to implement lung cancer primary prevention activities. Introducción La mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón está aumentando en mujeres. Se ha proyectado que en España pueda superar a la mortalidad por cáncer de mama, la principal causa de mortalidad por cáncer en mujeres, en pocos años. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la proporción de mujeres que presentan alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de pulmón en un grupo de participantes en un cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama. Métodos Estudio transversal de una muestra de mujeres que participaron en un cribado poblacional de cáncer de mama en el año 2016 en Hospita

关键词： Lung cancer Smoking Secondary prevention Primary prevention Tobacco Cáncer de pulmón Fumar Prevención secundaria Prevención primaria Tabaco

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Evaluation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in home kitchens and bathrooms: Is there a link between home disinfectant use and antibiotic resistance?

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American Journal of Infection control 2023年第11期51卷 A158-A163页

作者： Rutala, William A. Weber, David J. Barbee, Susan L. Gergen, Maria F. Sobsey, Mark D. Samsa, Gregory P. Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E. Division of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States NC Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Infection Prevention University of North Carolina Health Care System Chapel Hill NC United States Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences University of North Carolina School of Public Health Chapel Hill NC United States

Objective: To determine the relationship between home disinfectant use and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among environmental isolates of human pathogens. Methods: Bacteria were cultured from 5 kitchen and 5 bathroom sites using quantitative methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard methods. Home disinfectant use was assessed via a questionnaire. Results: The overall total mean log₁₀ counts (total CFU) for the kitchen and bathroom were 4.31 and 4.88, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were more common in the bathroom (4.05) than in the kitchen (3.60), while Gram-negative bacilli were more common in the kitchen (4.23) than in the bathroom (3.86). The sink and bath drains were the most contaminated sites with 6.16-log₁₀ of total CFU and 6.6-log₁₀ in the kitchen and bathroom, respectively. Households reported cleaning frequency with a variety of commercial products. Most respondents used antibacterial products (eg, soaps, surface disinfectants) in the home. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens were infrequently isolated in the homes evaluated. Conclusions: Compared to pathogens causing community-acquired clinical infections in the ICARE study, pathogens isolated from households are less likely to demonstrate antibiotic resistance. In addition, no relationship between antibacterial use or frequency of cleaning or disinfection and antibiotic resistance was revealed. © 2023 Association for Professionals in Infection control and epidemiology, Inc.

关键词： Antimicrobial Germicides Microorganisms

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Pre-Transplant Clonal Mosaicism Is Associated with Increased Relapse and Lower Survival in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

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BLOOD 2020年 136卷 9-10页

作者： Wang, Yiwen Zhou, Weiyin Wang, Junke Karaesmen, Ezgi Tang, Hancong McCarthy, Philip L. Pasquini, Marcelo C. Wang, Youjin McReynolds, Lisa J. Katki, Hormuzd Machiela, Mitchell Yeager, Meredith Pooler, Loreall Sheng, Xin Haiman, Christopher Van den Berg, David Spellman, Stephen R. Wang, Tao Kuxhausen, Michelle Chanock, Stephen J. Lee, Stephanie J. Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa I. Hahn, Theresa E. Gadalla, Shahinaz M. Sucheston-Campbell, Lara E. College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD Clinical Research Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo NY CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research) Department of Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD NCI Rockville MD National Cancer Institute Rockville MD National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD Department of Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC Los Angeles CA CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research) Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Minneapolis MN Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD College of Veterinary Medicine Cancer Prevention & Control Columbus OH

Clonal mosaicism, detectable in peripheral blood, can be an important predictor of developing a hematological malignancy. We sought to determine if mosaic events, in addition to clinical and demographic variables, contributed independent information about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient survival and risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). HumanOmniExpress-12v1_A BeadChip SNP array data were used to detect mosaicisms >=2Mb based on the log 2 relative probe intensity ratio (LRR) and B allele frequency (BAF) for each SNP measured in 773 ALL patients from DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts. DNA was extracted from recipient peripheral blood samples taken immediately prior to start of conditioning before allogeneic HCT for ALL (2000-2011). Mosaic events include copy-number gain (LRR >0), loss (LRR <0), or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNLOH), defined as a deviation from BAF heterozygosity without LRR changes. The impact of mosaicism on overall survival (OS) probability and cumulative incidence of relapse at 1-year post-HCT were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and cumulative incidence functions, respectively. The association of clonal mosaicism with OS was evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. For disease relapse, competing risk models were used with transplant related mortality (TRM) treated as a competing event. Stratified survival analyses were performed by cytogenetic status at diagnosis. Statistical analyses were conducted using R 3.6.1. Thirty-four patients (4.4%) had 1 or more mosaicisms (82 total detected) with almost half having advanced disease (Table 1). The median proportion of affected cells was 61% (interquartile range = 39 - 93%). Copy-number losses on chromosomes 7 (13.4%) and 9 (8.54%) and 17 (6.10%) were the most frequently detected events (Figure 1). OS at 1-year post HCT in patients with and without a mosaic event was 26.5% and 60.1%, respectively, ( P =8.2×10 -8 , Figure 2A) and norm

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Determining Filipinos’ Preferences for Colorectal cancer Screening Tests: Insights From a Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis

AJPM Focus

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AJPM Focus 2025年第1期4卷 100300-100300页

作者： Crochetiere, Austin Lauzon, Marie Chaplin, Antwon Almario, Christopher V. Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Biostatistics Shared Resource Cedars-Sinai Cancer Los Angeles California United States Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education (CS-CORE) Los Angeles California United States Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Division of Health Services Research Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Division of Informatics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California United States Cancer Prevention & Control Program Cedars-Sinai Cancer Los Angeles California United States

Introduction: Filipinos in the U.S. have worse colorectal cancer screening rates and outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites, despite 85% of Filipinos being proficient in English and having insurance rates, education, and incomes that exceed those of the general population. To begin to address this disparity, the authors used conjoint analysis—a method that assesses complex decision making—to better understand Filipinos’ preferences for the different colorectal cancer screening test options. Methods: The authors conducted a conjoint analysis survey among unscreened Filipinos aged ≥40 years at average risk for colorectal cancer to determine the relative importance of screening test attributes in their decision making (e.g., modality, effectiveness at reducing colorectal cancer risk, bowel prep). The authors also performed simulations to estimate the proportion of people who would prefer to do an annual fecal immunochemical test or colonoscopy every 10 years for their screening. Results: Overall, 105 Filipinos completed the survey;most respondents were female (74.3%) and aged 40–49 years (84.8%). The authors observed that test modality was the most important factor in respondents’ decision making. After conducting simulations using the conjoint analysis data, the authors noted that 70 (66.7%) Filipinos preferred to do an annual fecal immunochemical test for their screening, whereas 35 (33.3%) wanted to do a colonoscopy every 10 years. Conclusions: The authors found that 2 in 3 Filipinos prefer fecal immunochemical test to colonoscopy for their colorectal cancer screening. To address colorectal cancer disparities in the Filipino community, investigators, health systems, public health agencies, and community organizations need to develop culturally tailored, sustainable interventions, and such programs may want to focus on improving education on and access to fecal immunochemical test. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： colorectal cancer screening disparities Filipino patient preference

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Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: Can we improve the diagnostic yield?

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Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) 2022年第6期45卷 474-487页

作者： Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona Montse Garcia Oncology Data Analytics Programme Catalan Institute of Oncology L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain Gastroenterology Department Bellvitge University Hospital L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain Colorectal Cancer Research Group ONCOBELL Programme Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain Cancer Screening Unit Prevention and Control Programme Catalan Institute of Oncology L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain Early Detection of Cancer Research Group EPIBELL Programme Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Spain

Although adenomas and serrated polyps are the preneoplastic lesions of colorectal cancer, only few of them will eventually progress to cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the present and future of post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance. Post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines have recently been updated and all share the aim towards more selective and less frequent surveillance. We have examined these current guidelines and compared the recommendations of each of them. To improve the diagnostic yield of post-polypectomy surveillance it is important to find predictors of metachronous polyps that better identify high-risk individuals of developing advanced neoplasia. For this reason, we have also conducted a literature review of the molecular biomarkers of metachronous advanced colorectal polyps. Finally, we have discussed future directions of post-polypectomy surveillance and identified possible strategies to improve the use of endoscopic resources with the COVID-19 pandemic. Aunque los adenomas y los pólipos serrados son las lesiones preneoplásicas del cáncer colorrectal, solo algunas de ellas progresarán a cáncer. Esta revisión presenta una descripción del presente y el futuro de la vigilancia endoscópica tras la resección de pólipos. Las recomendaciones de vigilancia pospolipectomía se han actualizado recientemente y todas comparten el objetivo de una vigilancia más selectiva y menos frecuente. Hemos examinado estas directrices actuales y hemos comparado las recomendaciones de cada una de ellas. Para mejorar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la vigilancia posterior a la polipectomía es importante encontrar predictores de pólipos metacrónicos que identifiquen mejor a los individuos con alto riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias avanzadas. Por este motivo, también hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura de los biomarcadores moleculares de pólipos avanzados metacrónicos. Finalmente, hemos discutido las direcciones futuras de la vigilancia endoscó

关键词： Biomarkers Colorectal cancer Polyps Screening Post-polypectomy surveillance Biomarcadores Cáncer colorrectal Pólipos Cribado Vigilancia endoscópica

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Association of gene variant type and location with breast cancer risk in the general population

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Annals of Oncology 2025年

作者： Akamandisa, M.P. Boddicker, N.J. Yadav, S. Hu, C. Hart, S.N. Ambrosone, C.B. Anton-Culver, H. Auer, P.L. Bodelon, C. Burnside, E.S. Chen, F. Eliassen, A.H. Goldgar, D.E. Haiman, C. Hodge, J.M. Huang, H. John, E.M. Karam, R. Lacey, J.V. Lindstroem, S. Martinez, M.E. Na, J. Neuhausen, S.L. Olson, J.E. Pal, T. Palmer, J.R. Patel, A.V. Pesaran, T. Polley, E.C. Richardson, M.E. Ruddy, K.J. Sandler, D.P. Teras, L.R. Trentham-Dietz, A. Vachon, C.M. Weinberg, C. Winham, S.J. Yao, S. Zirpoli, G. Kraft, P. Weitzel, J.N. Domchek, S.M. Couch, F.J. Nathanson, K.L. Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester United States Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Roswell Park Cancer Center Buffalo United States University of California Irvine Irvine United States Division of Biostatistics Institute for Health & Equity Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee United States Department of Population Science American Cancer Society Atlanta United States Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin Madison United States Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge United States Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston University of Utah Salt Lake United States Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto United States Ambry Genetics Aliso Viejo United States Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Cancer Center Duarte United States Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California San Diego San Dieg United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham United States Division of Genetic Medicine in the Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville United States Slone Epidemiology Center Boston University Boston United States Department of Public Health Sciences University of Chicago Chicago United States University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison United States Bio

Background: Pathogenic variants (PVs) in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 are associated with increased breast cancer risk. It is unknown, however, whether this risk differs by PV type or location in carriers ascertained from the general population. Patients and methods: To evaluate breast cancer risks associated with PV type and location in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2, we carried out age-adjusted case-control association analysis in 32 247 women with and 32 544 age-matched women without breast cancer from the CARRIERS Consortium. PVs were grouped by type and location within genes and assessed for risks of breast cancer [odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values] using logistic regression. Results: Compared with women carrying BRCA2 exon 11 protein truncating variants (PTVs) in the CARRIERS population-based study, women with BRCA2 ex1-10 PTVs (OR = 13.5, 95% CI 6.0-38.7, P < 0.001) and ex13-27 PTVs (OR = 9.0, 95% CI 4.9-18.5, P < 0.001) had higher breast cancer risks, lower rates of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer (ex13-27 OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, P = 0.035;ex1-10 OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.1-1.0, P = 0.065), and earlier age at breast cancer diagnosis (ex13-27 5.5 years, P < 0.001;ex1-10 2.4 years, P = 0.169). These associations with ER-negative breast cancer and age were replicated in a high-risk clinical cohort from Ambry Genetics and the population-based UK Biobank cohort. No differences in risk by gene region were observed for PTVs in other predisposition genes. Conclusions: Population-based and clinical high-risk cohorts establish that PTVs in exon 11 of BRCA2 are associated with reduced breast cancer risk, later age at diagnosis, and greater risk of ER-negative disease. These differential risks may improve individualized risk prediction and clinical management for women carrying BRCA2 PTVs. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： breast cancer risk pathogenic variant type and location population-based cohort

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Tick bite risk factors and prevention measures in an area with emerging Powassan virus disease

Public Health Challenges

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Public Health Challenges 2023年第4期2卷 101002/puh2136页

作者： Wilson, Nicolette Vahey, Grace M. McDonald, Emily Fitzpatrick, Kelly Lehman, Jennifer Clark, Sandhya Lindell, Kristine Pastula, Daniel M. Perez, Stephen Rhodes, Heather Gould, Carolyn V. Staples, J. Erin Martin, Stacey W. Cervantes, Kim New Jersey Department of Health Communicable Disease Service Trenton NJ United States CSTE Applied Epidemiology Fellowship Program Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Atlanta GA United States Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Arboviral Diseases Branch Division of Vector-Borne Diseases National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC Fort Collins CO United States

Background: In the United States (U.S.), Powassan virus is primarily transmitted to humans by the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Rarely, infections can present as severe neuroinvasive disease. In 2019, four neuroinvasive disease cases were reported in Sussex County, New Jersey, U.S. We administered a survey to county residents to better understand tick bite risk factors and the performance of personal prevention measures. Methods: A survey was administered in October 2019 to adult residents of randomly selected households. Questions focused on tick bite prevention and risk factors. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for various outcomes. Results: Of 274 participants, 25% were previously diagnosed with a tick-borne disease, and 42% reported finding an attached tick in 2019. Yardwork and gardening (OR = 7.38) and spending >50 hours outdoors per week (OR = 8.15) were associated with finding an attached tick. Finding an attached tick was inversely associated with the number of prevention measures used, indicating that a layered approach could reduce the risk of tick bites. Those who performed post-outdoor activity prevention measures (e.g., tick checks) were less likely to have a tick attached compared to finding a crawling tick. Conclusion: Compliance with prevention recommendations was low, despite a high prevalence of reported tick bites and significant outdoor exposures. Older adults and persons who spend significant time outdoors or engage in yardwork or gardening were at the highest risk of tick bites. Additional research is needed to further understand the barriers to tick bite prevention. © 2023 The Authors. Public Health Challenges published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Powassan virus prevention risk factors tick-borne disease ticks

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Medical expenditures for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment: A 10-year high-level-hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey in China, 2002-2011

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Chinese Journal of cancer Research 2019年第5期31卷 825-837页

作者： Jufang Shi Guoxiang Liu Hong Wang Ayan Mao Chengcheng Liu Lanwei Guo Huiyao Huang Jiansong Ren Xianzhen Liao Yana Bai Xiaojie Sun Xinyu Zhu Jialin Wang Bingbing Song Jinyi Zhou Lin Zhu Haike Lei Yuqin Liu Yunyong Liu Lingbin Du Yutong He Kai Zhang Ni Li Wanqing Chen Min Dai Jie He Office of Cancer Screening National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Department of Health Economics School of Health Management/Public HealthHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Office of Public Health Strategic Information Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100020China Department of Cancer Epidemiology Henan Office for Cancer Control and ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou 450008China Hunan Office for Cancer Control and Research Hunan Provincial Cancer HospitalChangsha 410006China Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Center for Health Management and Policy Key Lab of Health Economics and PolicyShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Department of Public Health Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250117China Heilongjiang Office for Cancer Control and Research Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Institute of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009China Teaching and Research Department Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011China Department of Cancer Research and Control Office Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030China Cancer Epidemiology Research Center Gansu Provincial Cancer HospitalLanzhou 730050China Cancer Prevention and Control Office of Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityLiaoning Cancer Hospital and InstituteShenyang 110042China Department of Cancer Prevention Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China Cancer Institute The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050011China Department of Thoracic Surg

Objective: Colorectal cancer(CRC) causes a substantial burden of disease in China and the evidence of economic burden triggered is fundamental for priority setting. The aim of this survey was to quantify medical expenditures and the time trends for CRC diagnosis and treatment in ***: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 13 provinces across China. For each eligible CRC patient diagnosed from 2002 to 2011, clinical information and expenditure data were extracted using a uniform questionnaire. All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2011 ***: Of the 14,536 CRC patients included, the average age at diagnosis was 58.2 years and 15.8% were stageI cases. The average medical expenditure per patient was estimated at 37,902 CNY [95 % confidence interval(95%CI): 37,282-38,522], and the annual average increase rate was 9.2% from 2002 to 2011(P for trend <0.001), with a cumulative increase of 2.4 times(from 23,275 CNY to 56,010 CNY). The expenditure per patient in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 31,698 CNY, 37,067 CNY, 38,918 CNY and 42,614 CNY, respectively(P<0.001). Expenditure significantly differed within various subgroups. Expenses for drugs contributed the largest proportion(52.6%).Conclusions: These conservative estimates illustrated that medical expenditures for CRC diagnosis and treatment in tertiary hospitals in China were substantial and increased rapidly over the 10 years, with drugs continually being the main expense by 2011. Relatively, medical expenditures are lower for CRC in the earlier stages. These findings will facilitate the economic evaluation of CRC prevention and control in China.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms health expenditures diagnosis therapeutics China

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Effectiveness and safety of a novel intranasal influenza vaccine in Chinese children: A phase IV multi-Center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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Vaccine 2025年 59卷 127268-127268页

作者： Tian, Xiaoling Zhou, Yiguo Deng, Peng Xu, Na Liu, Xiaojun Guo, Ying Fang, Aimin Liu, Pingping Yan, Yi Yang, Lu Qian, Binge Lu, Yuxin Chen, Ying Zang, Yang Ma, Qin-Yi Du, Juan Li, Mengmeng Yang, Beifang Lu, Qiang Lu, Qing-Bin Institute for Immunization Program Inner Mongolia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Inner Mongolia Academy of Preventive Medicine) Hohhot 010080 China Clinical Medical Research Center The Second Affiliated Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing 400037 China Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology and Vaccine Research Center School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100191 China Hubei Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wuhan 430079 China Clinical Department Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co. Changchun 130015 China Yichang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Yichang 443003 China Songshan District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chifeng 024000 China Zhijiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Zhijiang 443200 China Yuanbaoshan District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chifeng 024076 China Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research and Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group Peking University Beijing 100191 China Chifeng Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chifeng 024000 China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing 100191 China

Background: A novel intranasal influenza vaccine named Ganwu® was approved in 2020 for children aged 3–17 years in China. This study aimed to conduct a phase IV clinical trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of this vaccine. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IV clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Ganwu® vaccine in children aged 3–17 years in China during 2023 to 2024 influenza season. The influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) were monitored in the vaccine and placebo groups during a follow-up period of seven months, and nasopharyngeal specimens from ILI cases were collected for laboratory confirmation of influenza virus. Primary endpoints included vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza and ILI, with comprehensive safety monitoring throughout the study period. Results: The trial enrolled 6000 participants, randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either Ganwu® or placebo. The vaccine's effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza was 46.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.8 %–61.9 %), with specific effectiveness rates of 30.4 % against A/H1N1, 55.1 % against A/H3N2, and 84.6 % against B/Victoria. Laboratory-confirmed influenza was significantly less frequent in the vaccine group (hazard ratio 0.53, 95 % CI 0.38–0.74). Effectiveness of Ganwu® vaccine against ILI was 15.2 % (95 % CI -2.3 %–29.7 %). Safety assessments demonstrated comparable incidence of solicited adverse events (AE) between groups, with the incidence of grade three or higher AEs below 1 %. Among 12 reported serious AEs, none were attributed to vaccination. Conclusions: Ganwu® vaccine provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza among children with good safety profile. © 2025

关键词： Intranasal influenza vaccine Pediatric vaccination Phase IV clinical trial Safety Vaccine effectiveness

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The Increasing Trend of the GenerationalHelicobacter pylori-Naïve Prevalence Among Japanese Individuals Born Between 1925 and 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

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Helicobacter 2025年第3期30卷

作者： Fumiaki Ishibashi Chikamasa Ichita Ayaka Takasu Ran Li Yasuhiro Hagiwara Yutaka Matsuyama Yuichiro Kemmoto Chika Kusano Manami Inoue Nobutake Yamamichi Hideki Ishikawa Takuji Gotoda Department of Gastroenterology International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital Ichikawa Japan Gastroenterology Medicine Center Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Kamakura Japan Department of Gastroenterology Cancer Institute Hospital Tokyo Japan Department of Gastroenterology Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Division of Prevention National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control Tokyo Japan Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Background The World Health Organization has confirmed that Helicobacter pylori is a carcinogen associated with gastric cancer (GC). Although a recent increasing trend in the prevalence of the H. pylori -naïve status has been reported, the precise values of each generation have not yet been specified. This study aimed to confirm the generational H. pylori -naïve prevalence in Japan. Materials and Methods Scientific articles available in PubMed and EMBASE between January 2014 and June 2024 were systematically searched. Publications that specified the generational H. pylori- naïve prevalence were included in the analysis. Publications that did not describe the prevalence of H. pylori -naïve individuals and the definition of H. pylori -eradicated individuals were excluded. A meta-regression analysis with a logistic mixed effect model was conducted to predict the generational prevalence of the H. pylori -naïve status. In this model, birth year was incorporated as a spline function to model non-linear trends, and study differences were included as random effects. Results A total of 899 publications were identified. After screening, eight publications were included in the final analysis. Nine different study groups comprising 46,704 individuals included in those publications were identified and analyzed. The calculated H. pylori -naïve prevalence rates among the average cohort were 21.1% for births in 1930, 47.2% for births in 1950, 75.3% for births in 1970, 91.7% for births in 1990, and 97.7% for births in 2010. Conclusions The H. pylori -naïve prevalence increased dramatically with more recent birth years and reached a plateau of over 95%, especially after 2000. The current GC screening strategy can be modified based on this finding.

关键词： generation H. pylori Japan naïve prevalence

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