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An Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Global Router for VLSI Design

Wireless Communications and Mobile computing 2023年第1期2023卷

作者： Xu, Saijuan Yang, Liliang Liu, Genggeng Department of Information Engineering Fujian Business University Fuzhou China College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou China

Global routing is a crucial step in the design of Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits. However, most of the existing methods are heuristic algorithms, which cannot conjointly optimize the subproblems of global routing, resulting in congestion and overflow. In response to this challenge, an enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning- (DRL-) based global router has been proposed, which comprises the following effective strategies. First, to avoid the overestimation problem generated by Q-learning, the proposed global router adopts the Double Deep Q-network (DDQN) model. The DDQN-based global router has better performance in wire length optimization and convergence. Second, to avoid the agent from learning redundant information, an action elimination method is added to the action selection part, which significantly enhances the convergence performance of the training process. Third, to avoid the unfair allocation problem of routing resources in serial training, concurrent training is proposed to enhance the routability. Fourth, to reduce wire length and disperse routing resources, a new reward function is proposed to guide the agent to learn better routing solutions regarding wire length and congestion standard deviation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms others in several important performance metrics, including wire length, convergence performance, routability, and congestion standard deviation. In conclusion, the proposed enhanced DRL-based global router is a promising approach for solving the global routing problem in VLSI design, which can achieve superior performance compared to the heuristic method and DRL-based global router. © 2023 Saijuan Xu et al.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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OpenViewer: Openness-Aware Multi-View Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Du, Shide Fang, Zihan Tan, Yanchao Wang, Changwei Wang, Shiping Guo, Wenzhong College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Jinan China

Multi-view learning methods leverage multiple data sources to enhance perception by mining correlations across views, typically relying on predefined categories. However, deploying these models in real-world scenarios presents two primary openness challenges. 1) Lack of Interpretability: The integration mechanisms of multi-view data in existing black-box models remain poorly explained;2) Insufficient Generalization: Most models are not adapted to multi-view scenarios involving unknown categories. To address these challenges, we propose OpenViewer, an openness-aware multi-view learning framework with theoretical support. This framework begins with a Pseudo-Unknown Sample Generation Mechanism to efficiently simulate open multi-view environments and previously adapt to potential unknown samples. Subsequently, we introduce an Expression-Enhanced Deep Unfolding network to intuitively promote interpretability by systematically constructing functional prior-mapping modules and effectively providing a more transparent integration mechanism for multi-view data. Additionally, we establish a Perception-Augmented Open-Set Training Regime to significantly enhance generalization by precisely boosting confidences for known categories and carefully suppressing inappropriate confidences for unknown ones. Experimental results demonstrate that OpenViewer effectively addresses openness challenges while ensuring recognition performance for both known and unknown samples. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A Privacy-friendly sequential progressive framework for segmented decision making

A Privacy-friendly sequential progressive framework for segm...

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Artificial Intelligence of Things and Systems (AIoTSys), International Conference on

作者： Peng Liu Zhiyong Yu Fangwan Huang College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou China

To achieve progressive and accurate decision-making for long-term time series data while meeting the needs of privacy-friendly and early, this paper proposes a universal framework for sequential progressive decision-making (SPD). This framework first segments the data and sets up multiple columns of neural networks according to the number of segments. Each column can make segmented decisions based on the inputs for the period. Additionally, without sharing the original data, the framework leverages lateral hidden layer connections between preceding and succeeding columns to obtain useful features for subsequent decision-making, gradually improving accuracy while avoiding the risk of data leakage. SPD has the advantages of privacy friendliness, column model diversification, prior knowledge reuse, and easy scalability, making it an effective framework for continuous decision-making. The effectiveness of that was validated using various network models in handwritten digit recognition and electrocardiogram classification tasks. The obtained experimental results reveal that SPD not only enables early decision-making while ensuring accuracy but also achieves accuracy levels comparable to or even surpassing those obtained using complete data, with the added benefit of privacy protection.

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Scheduling Multiple Mobile Agents with Abilities of Sensing and Executing Simultaneously

Scheduling Multiple Mobile Agents with Abilities of Sensing ...

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Artificial Intelligence of Things and Systems (AIoTSys), International Conference on

作者： Zhipeng Guo Zhiyong Yu Fangwan Huang Chunyu Tu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou China

How to schedule public resources to maximize the coverage of crowds has always been a hot topic. There are mainly two types of research. One is the scheduling of static resources, whose coverage efficiency is lower because the resources cannot be moved; the other is the dynamic scheduling of movable public resources, but the existing methods require additional devices to collect crowd volume data. To address this issue, this article introduces a new category of mobile agents that can sense and execute simultaneously. This means that an agent can simultaneously perform crowd volume data collection tasks and crowds coverage tasks in its area. Taking these multi-ability agents as public resources, this article proposes a scheduling method called GE-STMC (Greedy Execute - Spatial and Temporal Monte-Carlo dropout). The method considers the spatiotemporal correlation between areas and evaluates the sensing value and the executing value of areas comprehensively to allocate the agents accordingly. Through the experimental on the real data of Beijing Happy Valley, this method can get 16% larger crowds volume coverage than other baseline methods with the same number of agents.

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Logical Relation Modeling and Mining in Hyperbolic Space for Recommendation 40

Logical Relation Modeling and Mining in Hyperbolic Space for...

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40th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Tan, Yanchao Lv, Hang Zhou, Zihao Guo, Wenzhong Xiong, Bo Liu, Weiming Chen, Chaochao Wang, Shiping Yang, Carl College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Institute for Artificial Intelligence University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany College of Computer Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Emory University Department of Computer Science Atlanta United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

The sparse interactions between users and items have aggravated the difficulty of their representations in recommender systems. Existing methods leverage tags to alleviate the sparsity problem but ignore prevalent logical relations among items and tags (e.g., membership, hierarchy, and exclusion), which can be leveraged to enhance the accuracy of modeling user preferences and conducting recommendations. To this end, we propose to extract logical relations among item tags from existing tag taxonomies and exploit the individual strengths of the Poincaré and the Lorentz models in hyperbolic space for logical relation modeling towards enhanced recommendations. Moreover, we find that the logical relations directly extracted from existing tag taxonomies can be inaccurate and coarse. Therefore, we further devise innovative consistency-based and granularity-based weighting mechanisms based on user behavior patterns for data-driven logical relation mining that can be jointly optimized along with recommendations in an end-to-end fashion. Extensive experiments on four real-world benchmark datasets show drastic performance gains brought by our proposed framework, which constantly achieves an average of 8.25% improvement over state-of-the-art competitors regarding both Recall and NDCG metrics. Insightful case studies further demonstrate that our automatically refined logical relations are highly accurate and interpretable. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Recommender systems

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A Multimodal Knowledge Representation Method for Fake News Detection

A Multimodal Knowledge Representation Method for Fake News D...

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Computer, Control and Robotics (ICCCR), International Conference on

作者： Fanhao Zeng Jiaxin Yao Yijie Xu Yanhua Liu Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education (Fuzhou University) Fuzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373141

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373158

To address the key challenge encountered in fake news detection, i.e., multimodal data is difficult to be effectively semantically represented due to its intrinsic heterogeneity, this paper proposes a multimodal knowledge representation method for fake news detection. First, visual feature extraction is performed for fake news image data, the relevant images are sliced into multiple blocks, and then visual modal features are obtained by linear projection layer mapping. This simplifies the feature extraction process and reduces the computational cost, which helps to improve the fake news recognition performance. Second, to meet the actual fake news detection needs, a long text representation method based on topic words is investigated for the text data in fake news. Finally, the multimodal representation of the same fake news data is optimized by establishing a connection between two different modalities, visual and text, and inputting it into a BiLSTM-Attention based network to achieve the fusion of multimodal features. The experiment selects the same fake news data of EANN model and uses four classical classification methods to verify the effect of knowledge representation and compare it with the fusion model ViLT which is not optimized for long text. The experiment proves that the accuracy rate of fake news detection using the multimodal representation proposed in this paper is improved by 7.4% compared to the EANN model, and by 9.3% compared to the ViLT representation.

关键词： Digital control Visualization Accuracy Knowledge representation Machine learning Feature extraction Data models

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Multi-Granularity Feature Distillation Learning network for Fine-Grained Visual Classification

Multi-Granularity Feature Distillation Learning Network for ...

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Image processing, Computer Vision and Machine Learning (ICICML), International Conference on

作者： Yuhang Cai Xiao Ke Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464697

Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) aims to identify objects belonging to multiple sub-categories of the same super-category (such as species of birds, models of cars and aircraft). The key to solving fine-grained classification problems is to learn discriminative visual feature representation with only subtle differences. Although previous work based on refined feature learning has made great progress, however, high-level semantic features often lack key information for fine-grained visual object nuances. How to efficiently integrate semantic information of different granularities from classification networks is a Critical. In this paper, we propose Multi-Granularity Feature Distillation Learning network (MGFDL-Net). Our solution integrates multi-granularity hierarchical information through a multi-granularity fusion learning strategy to enhance feature representation. In view of the inherent challenges of large intraclass differences in FGVC, a cross-layer self-distillation regularization is proposed to strengthen the connection between high-level semantics and low-level semantics for robust multi-granularity feature learning. Comprehensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on three challenging fine-grained visual classification FGVC datasets (CUB-200-2011, Stanford Cars and FGVC-Aircraft).

关键词： Representation learning Visualization Cross layer design Computer vision Image processing Semantics Birds

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Modality-specific Adaptive Scaling Method for Cross-modal Retrieval

Modality-specific Adaptive Scaling Method for Cross-modal Re...

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Image processing, Computer Vision and Machine Learning (ICICML), International Conference on

作者： Baitao Chen Xiao Ke Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464697

There are huge differences in data distribution and feature representation of different modalities. How to flexibly and accurately retrieve data from different modalities is a challenging problem. The mainstream common subspace method only focus on the heterogeneity gap between modalities, and use a unified method to jointly learn the common representation of different modalities, which can easily lead to the difficulty of multi-modal unified fitting. In this work, we innovatively propose the concept of multi-modal information density discrepancy, and propose a modality-specific adaptive scaling method incorporating prior knowledge, which can adaptively learn the most suitable network for different modalities. Comprehensive experimental results on three widely used cross-modal retrieval datasets show the proposed MASM achieves the state-of-the-art results and significantly outperforms other existing methods.

关键词： Knowledge engineering Computer vision Adaptive systems Image processing Fitting Machine learning

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Real-Time Action Detection Method based on Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Feature

Real-Time Action Detection Method based on Multi-Scale Spati...

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Image processing, Computer Vision and Machine Learning (ICICML), International Conference on

作者： Xin Miao Xiao Ke Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464697

Spatiotemporal action detection relies on the learning of video spatial and temporal information. The current state-of-the-art convolutional neural network-based action detectors have achieved remarkable results using 2D CNN or 3D CNN architectures. However, due to the complexity of the network structure and spatiotemporal information perception, these methods are usually used in a non-real-time, offline manner. The main challenge of spatiotemporal action detection is to design an effective detection network architecture and effectively perceive the fused spatiotemporal features. Aiming at the above problems, our paper proposes a real-time action detection method based on multi-scale spatiotemporal feature. Aiming at the problem that only 2D or 3D backbone network cannot effectively model spatiotemporal features, we extract spatiotemporal features by multi-branch feature extraction networks respectively. For the lack of descriptiveness of single-scale spatiotemporal features, a multi-scale spatiotemporal feature-aware attention network is proposed to learn long-term temporal dependencies and spatial context information. And the fusion between temporal and spatial features is guided by fusion attention to highlight more discriminative spatiotemporal feature representations. The proposed method achieves 82.59% and 78.30% accuracy on two spatiotemporal action datasets UCF101-24 and JHMDB-21, respectively and reaching 73 frames/s.

关键词： Solid modeling Computer vision Three-dimensional displays Machine learning Detectors network architecture Feature extraction

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A Multi-Stage Goal-Driven network for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction 5

A Multi-Stage Goal-Driven Network for Pedestrian Trajectory ...

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5th International Conference on Computer Vision, Image and Deep Learning, CVIDL 2024

作者： Wu, Xiuen Wang, Tao Cai, Yuanzheng Liang, Lingyu Papageorgiou, George Minjiang University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control Fuzhou China Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou China South China University of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangzhou China European University Cyprus Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373820

Pedestrian trajectory prediction plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of various applications, including autonomous vehicles and traffic management systems. This paper proposes a novel method for pedestrian trajectory prediction, called multi-stage goal-driven network (MGNet). Diverging from prior approaches relying on stepwise recursive prediction and the singular forecasting of a long-term goal, MGNet directs trajectory generation by forecasting intermediate stage goals, thereby reducing prediction errors. The network comprises three main components: a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE), an attention module, and a multi-stage goal evaluator. Trajectories are encoded using conditional variational autoencoders to acquire knowledge about the approximate distribution of pedestrians' future trajectories, and combined with an attention mechanism to capture the temporal dependency between trajectory sequences. The pivotal module is the multi-stage goal evaluator, which utilizes the encoded feature vectors to predict intermediate goals, effectively minimizing cumulative errors in the recursive inference process. The effectiveness of MGNet is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments on the JAAD and PIE datasets. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art algorithms reveal significant performance improvements achieved by our proposed method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Trajectories

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