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arXiv 2022年

作者： Torquato, Salvatore Jiao, Yang Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Department of Physics Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States

Using the concepts of mixed volumes and quermassintegrals of convex geometry, we derive an exact formula for the exclusion volume vex(K) for a general convex body K that applies in any space dimension. While our main interests concern the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume of a convex body with respect to another convex body, we also describe some results for the exclusion volumes for convex bodies with the same orientation. We show that the sphere minimizes the dimensionless exclusion volume vex(K)/v(K) among all convex bodies, whether randomly oriented or uniformly oriented, for any d, where v(K) is the volume of K. When the bodies have the same orientation, the simplex maximizes the dimensionless exclusion volume for any d with a large-d asymptotic scaling behavior of 22d/d3/2, which is to be contrasted with the corresponding scaling of 2d for the sphere. We present explicit formulas for quermassintegrals W0(K), . . ., Wd(K) for many different nonspherical convex bodies, including cubes, parallelepipeds, regular simplices, cross-polytopes, cylinders, spherocylinders, ellipsoids as well as lower-dimensional bodies, such as hyperplates and line segments. These results are utilized to determine the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume vex(K) for these convex-body shapes for dimensions 2 through 12. While the sphere is the shape possessing the minimal dimensionless exclusion volume, we show that, among the convex bodies considered that are sufficiently compact, the simplex possesses the maximal vex(K)/v(K) with a scaling behavior of 21.6618...d. Subsequently, we apply these results to determine the corresponding second virial coefficient B2(K) of the aforementioned hard hyperparticles. Our results are also applied to compute estimates of the continuum percolation threshold ηc derived previously by the authors for systems of identical overlapping convex bodies. We conjecture that overlapping spheres possess the maximal value of ηc among all identical nonzero-vol

关键词： Spheres

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Convergence of deep fictitious play for stochastic differential games

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Han, Jiequn Hu, Ruimeng Long, Jihao Department of Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544-1000 United States Department of Mathematics Department of Statistics and Applied Probability University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-3080 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544-1000 United States

Stochastic differential games have been used extensively to model agents' competitions in Finance, for instance, in P2P lending platforms from the Fintech industry, the banking system for systemic risk, and insurance markets. The recently proposed machine learning algorithm, deep fictitious play, provides a novel efficient tool for finding Markovian Nash equilibrium of large N-player asymmetric stochastic differential games [J. Han and R. Hu, Mathematical and Scientific Machine Learning Conference, pages 221-245, PMLR, 2020]. By incorporating the idea of fictitious play, the algorithm decouples the game into N sub-optimization problems, and identifies each player's optimal strategy with the deep backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) method parallelly and repeatedly. In this paper, we prove the convergence of deep fictitious play (DFP) to the true Nash equilibrium. We can also show that the strategy based on DFP forms an ϵ-Nash equilibrium. We generalize the algorithm by proposing a new approach to decouple the games, and present numerical results of large population games showing the empirical convergence of the algorithm beyond the technical assumptions in the theorems. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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Dynamical properties of particulate composites derived from ultradense stealthy hyperuniform sphere packings

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Vanoni, Carlo Kim, Jaeuk Steinhardt, Paul J. Torquato, Salvatore Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) many-particle systems are distinguished by a structure factor that vanishes not only at zero wavenumber (as in "standard" hyperuniform systems) but also across an extended range of wavenumbers near the origin. We generate disordered SHU packings of identical and ‘nonoverlapping’ spheres in d-dimensional Euclidean space using a modified collective-coordinate optimization algorithm that incorporates a soft-core repulsive potential between particles in addition to the standard stealthy pair potential. Compared to SHU packings without soft-core repulsions, these SHU packings are ultradense with packing fractions ranging from 0.67-0.86 for d = 2 and 0.47-0.63 for d = 3, spanning a broad spectrum of structures depending on the stealthiness parameter χ. We consider two-phase media composed of hard particles derived from ultradense SHU packings (phase 2) embedded in a matrix phase (phase 1), with varying stealthiness parameter χ and packing fractions . Our main objective is the estimation of the dynamical physical properties of such two-phase media, namely, the effective dynamic dielectric constant and the time-dependent diffusion spreadability, which is directly related to nuclear magnetic relaxation in fluid-saturated porous media. We show through spreadability that two-phase media derived from ultradense SHU packings exhibit faster interphase diffusion due to the higher packing fractions achievable compared to media obtained without soft-core repulsion. The imaginary part of the effective dynamic dielectric constant of SHU packings vanishes at a small wavenumber, implying perfect transparency for the corresponding wavevectors. While a larger packing fraction yields a smaller transparency interval, we show that it also displays a reduced height of the attenuation peak. We also obtain cross-property relations between transparency characteristics and long-time behavior of the spreadability for such two-phase media, showing that one leads to infor

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DeePN2: A deep learning-based non-Newtonian hydrodynamic model

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Fang, Lidong Ge, Pei Zhang, Lei Weinan, E. Lei, Huan Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University MI48824 United States School of Mathematical Sciences Institute of Natural Sciences and MOE-LSC Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China Center for Machine Learning Research School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing100871 China AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University NJ08544 United States Department of Statistics and Probability Michigan State University MI48824 United States

A long standing problem in the modeling of non-Newtonian hydrodynamics of polymeric flows is the availability of reliable and interpretable hydrodynamic models that faithfully encode the underlying micro-scale polymer dynamics. The main complication arises from the long polymer relaxation time, the complex molecular structure and heterogeneous interaction. DeePN2, a deep learning-based non-Newtonian hydrodynamic model, has been proposed and has shown some success in systematically passing the micro-scale structural mechanics information to the macro-scale hydrodynamics for suspensions with simple polymer conformation and bond potential. The model retains a multi-scaled nature by mapping the polymer configurations into a set of symmetry-preserving macro-scale features. The extended constitutive laws for these macro-scale features can be directly learned from the kinetics of their micro-scale counterparts. In this paper, we develop DeePN2 using more complex micro-structural models. We show that DeePN2 can faithfully capture the broadly overlooked viscoelastic differences arising from the specific molecular structural mechanics without human intervention. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Non Newtonian flow

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Nuclear Neural Networks: Emulating Late Burning Stages in Core Collapse Supernova Progenitors

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Grichener, Aldana Renzo, Mathieu Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E. Farmer, Rob de Mink, Selma E. Bellinger, Earl Patrick Chan, Chi-Kwan Chen, Nutan Farag, Ebraheem Justham, Stephen Steward Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Department of Physics Technion Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 Munchen80539 Germany Department of Astronomy Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 North Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Machine Learning Research Lab Volkswagen AG Munich38440 Germany

One of the main challenges in modeling massive stars to the onset of core collapse is the computational bottleneck of nucleosynthesis during advanced burning stages. The number of isotopes formed requires solving a large set of fully-coupled stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs), making the simulations computationally intensive and prone to numerical instability. To overcome this barrier, we design a nuclear neural network (NNN) framework with multiple hidden layers to emulate nucleosynthesis calculations and conduct a proof-of-concept to evaluate its performance. The NNN takes the temperature, density and composition of a burning region as input and predicts the resulting isotopic abundances along with the energy generation and loss rates. We generate training sets for initial conditions corresponding to oxygen core depletion and beyond using large nuclear reaction networks, and compare the predictions of the NNNs to results from a commonly used small net. We find that the NNNs improve the accuracy of the electron fraction by 280 − 660 % and the nuclear energy generation by 250 − 750 %, consistently outperforming the small network across all timesteps. They also achieve significantly better predictions of neutrino losses on relatively short timescales, with improvements ranging from 100 − 106 %. While further work is needed to enhance their accuracy and applicability to different stellar conditions, integrating NNN trained models into stellar evolution codes is promising for facilitating large-scale generation of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) progenitors with higher physical fidelity. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Nucleosynthesis

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Image Recovery from Rotational And Translational Invariants

Image Recovery from Rotational And Translational Invariants

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Nicholas F. Marshall Ti-Yen Lan Tamir Bendory Amit Singer Department of Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA The Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (数字)9781509066315

ISBN: (纸本)9781509066322

We introduce a framework for recovering an image from its rotationally and translationally invariant features based on autocorrelation analysis. This work is an instance of the multi-target detection statistical model, which is mainly used to study the mathematical and computational properties of single-particle reconstruction using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at low signal-to-noise ratios. We demonstrate with synthetic numerical experiments that an image can be reconstructed from rotational and translational invariants and show that the reconstruction is robust to noise. These results constitute an important step towards the goal of structure determination of small biomolecules using cryo-EM.

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The Disordered Heterogeneous Universe: Galaxy Distribution and Clustering Across Length Scales

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Philcox, Oliver H.E. Torquato, Salvatore Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Simons Foundation New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States

The studies of disordered heterogeneous media and galaxy cosmology share a common goal: analyzing the disordered distribution of particles and/or building blocks at ‘microscales’ to predict physical properties of the medium at ‘macroscales’, whether it be a liquid, colloidal suspension, composite material, galaxy cluster, or entire Universe. The theory of disordered heterogeneous media provides an array of theoretical and computational techniques to characterize a wide class of complex material microstructures. In this work, we apply them to describe the disordered distributions of galaxies obtained from recent suites of dark matter simulations. We focus on the determination of lower-order correlation functions, ‘void’ and ‘particle’ nearest-neighbor functions, certain cluster statistics, pair-connectedness functions, percolation properties, and a scalar order metric to quantify the degree of order. Compared to analogous homogeneous Poisson and typical disordered systems, the cosmological simulations exhibit enhanced large-scale clustering and longer tails in the void and particle nearest-neighbor functions, due to the presence of quasi-long-range correlations imprinted by early Universe physics, with a minimum particle separation far below the mean nearest-neighbor distance. On large scales, the system appears ‘hyperuniform’, as a result of primordial density fluctuations, whilst on the smallest scales, the system becomes almost ‘antihyperuniform’, as evidenced by its number variance. Additionally, via a finite scaling analysis, we compute the percolation threshold of the galaxy catalogs, finding this to be significantly lower than for Poisson realizations (at reduced density ηc = 0.25 in our fiducial analysis compared to ηc = 0.34), with strong dependence on the mean density;this is consistent with the observation that the galaxy distribution contains voids of up to 50% larger radius. However, the two sets of simulations appear to share the same fractal dimension

关键词： Galaxies

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Kinetic Frustration Effects on Dense Two-Dimensional Packings of Convex Particles and Their Structural Characteristics

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Maher, Charles Emmett Stillinger, Frank H. Torquato, Salvatore Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

The study of hard-particle packings is of fundamental importance in physics, chemistry, cell biology, and discrete geometry. Much of the previous work on hard-particle packings concerns their densest possible arrangements. By contrast, we examine kinetic effects inevitably present in both numerical and experimental packing protocols. Specifically, we determine how changing the compression/shear rate of a two-dimensional packing of noncircular particles causes it to deviate from its densest possible configuration, which is always periodic. The adaptive shrinking cell (ASC) optimization scheme maximizes the packing fraction of a hard-particle packing by first applying random translations and rotations to the particles and then isotropically compressing and shearing the simulation box repeatedly until a possibly jammed state is reached. We use a stochastic implementation of the ASC optimization scheme to mimic different effective time scales by varying the number of particle moves between compressions/shears. We generate dense, effectively jammed, monodisperse, two-dimensional packings of obtuse scalene triangle, rhombus, curved triangle, lens, and "ice cream cone" (a semicircle grafted onto an isosceles triangle) shaped particles, with a wide range of packing fractions and degrees of order. To quantify these kinetic effects, we introduce the kinetic frustration index K, which measures the deviation of a packing from its maximum possible packing fraction. To investigate how kinetics affect short- and long-range ordering in these packings, we compute their spectral densities χV (k) and characterize their contact networks. We find that kinetic effects are most significant when the particles have greater asphericity, less curvature, and less rotational symmetry. This work may be relevant to the design of laboratory packing protocols. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinetic theory

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Threshold and decay properties of transient isolated turbulent band in plane Couette flow

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applied mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第10期40卷 1449-1456页

作者： Jianzhou LU Jianjun TAO Weitao ZHOU Xiangming XIONG CAPT-HEDPS SKLTCS Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China The Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 U. S.A.

By direct numerical simulations of the plane Couette flow (PCF) in a large computational domain, it is shown that an isolated turbulent band decays monotonically at low Reynolds numbers but experiences transient growth before the eventual relaminarization at moderate Reynolds numbers. The lower bound Reynolds number of the transient-growth regime is determined as 286. The width, length, and tilt angle of the iso- lated band structure are defined based on the disturbance kinetic energy in the mid-plane, and the geometric characteristics of the band can be described with a tilted rectangle. It is illustrated that before its eventual fragmentation, the isolated turbulent band decays in a style of longitudinal contraction, where the center, width, and tilt angle of the band keep almost constant but the band length contracts with a statistically constant velocity.

关键词： plane Couette flow (PCF) subcritical transition turbulent band

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Critical pore radius and transport properties of disordered hard- and overlapping-sphere models

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Physical Review E 2021年第1期104卷 014127-014127页

作者： Michael A. Klatt Robert M. Ziff Salvatore Torquato Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Institut für Theoretische Physik FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg Staudtstr. 7 91058 Erlangen Germany Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Department of Chemistry Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Transport properties of porous media are intimately linked to their pore-space microstructures. We quantify geometrical and topological descriptors of the pore space of certain disordered and ordered distributions of spheres, including pore-size functions and the critical pore radius δc. We focus on models of porous media derived from maximally random jammed sphere packings, overlapping spheres, equilibrium hard spheres, quantizer sphere packings, and crystalline sphere packings. For precise estimates of the percolation thresholds, we use a strict relation of the void percolation around sphere configurations to weighted bond percolation on the corresponding Voronoi networks. We use the Newman-Ziff algorithm to determine the percolation threshold using universal properties of the cluster size distribution. The critical pore radius δc is often used as the key characteristic length scale that determines the fluid permeability k. A recent study [Torquato, Adv. Wat. Resour. 140, 103565 (2020)] suggested for porous media with a well-connected pore space an alternative estimate of k based on the second moment of the pore size 〈δ2〉, which is easier to determine than δc. Here, we compare δc to the second moment of the pore size 〈δ2〉, and indeed confirm that, for all porosities and all models considered, δc2 is to a good approximation proportional to 〈δ2〉. However, unlike 〈δ2〉, the permeability estimate based on δc2 does not predict the correct ranking of k for our models. Thus, we confirm 〈δ2〉 to be a promising candidate for convenient and reliable estimates of the fluid permeability for porous media with a well-connected pore space. Moreover, we compare the fluid permeability of our models with varying degrees of order, as measured by the τ order metric. We find that (effectively) hyperuniform models tend to have lower values of k than their nonhyperuniform counterparts. Our findings could facilitate the design of porous media with desirable transport properties via targete

关键词： Geophysical networks Materials Patterns in complex systems

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