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Strengthening-softening transition and maximum strength in Schwarz nanocrystals

Nano Materials Science 2024年第3期6卷 320-328页

作者： Hanzheng Xing Jiaxi Jiang Yujia Wang Yongpan Zeng Xiaoyan Li Center for Advanced Mechanics and Materials Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore138632Singapore

Recently,a Schwarz crystal structure with curved grain boundaries(GBs)constrained by twin-boundary(TB)networks was discovered in nanocrystalline Cu through experiments and atomistic *** Cu with nanosized Schwarz crystals exhibited high strength and excellent thermal ***,the grainsize effect and associated deformation mechanisms of Schwarz nanocrystals remain ***,we performed large-scale atomistic simulations to investigate the deformation behaviors and grain-size effect of nanocrystalline Cu with Schwarz *** simulations showed that similar to regular nanocrystals,Schwarz nanocrystals exhibit a strengthening-softening transition with decreasing grain *** critical grain size in Schwarz nanocrystals is smaller than that in regular nanocrystals,leading to a maximum strength higher than that of regular *** simulations revealed that the softening in Schwarz nanocrystals mainly originates from TB migration(or detwinning)and annihilation of GBs,rather than GB-mediated processes(including GB migration,sliding and diffusion)dominating the softening in regular *** analyses of simulation data further showed that compared with those in regular nanocrystals,the GB-mediated processes in Schwarz nanocrystals are suppressed,which is related to the low volume fraction of amorphous-like GBs and constraints of TB *** smaller critical grain size arises from the suppression of GB-mediated processes.

关键词： Schwarz nanocrystal Curved grain boundary Atomistic simulation Grain size effect Maximum strength

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Wearables for In-Situ Monitoring of Cognitive States: Challenges and Opportunities

Wearables for In-Situ Monitoring of Cognitive States: Challe...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events, PerCom Workshops 2023

作者： Radhakrishnan, Meera Kandappu, Thivya Gulati, Manoj Misra, Archan Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Management University Singapore School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453813

We propose using wrist and ear-based sensing, via multiple novel and complementary modalities, to unobtrusively infer activity-aware, complex cognitive and affective states (such as confusion, boredom, and recall failure) of individuals. While state-of-the-art wearable devices are predominantly used (a) independently, with limited coordination among multiple devices, and (b) to capture macro-level physical activity and physiological state, we seek to expand the ambit of unobtrusive wearable sensing to capture the cognitive states while performing commonplace physical activities. Such states typically manifest via fine-grained, almost unobservable, microscopic head, face, and eye movements. We identify some of these fine-grained physical markers that serve as proxies for cognitive/affective states and show that earable-mounted pressure, EMG, and ultrasonic sensing hold promise for canturing such markers. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Eye movements

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Accelerate Data Loading in Distributed Training with Fast Reconfigurable Optical Network

Accelerate Data Loading in Distributed Training with Fast Re...

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2024 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACP 2024 and International Conference on Information Photonics and Optical Communications, IPOC 2024

作者： Li, Wenzhe Zhang, Xinhang Jia, Wenxuan Chen, Zhuohan Yuan, Guojun Wang, Zhan Zhang, Peiheng High Performance Computing Center Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China Department of Intelligent Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study UCAS Hangzhou China Institute of Intelligent Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou China

We enhance our prior all-optical reconfigurable network to accelerate the data loading with minimized communication distance between compute and storage nodes. A novel corresponding data loading scheme is proposed to ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379266

关键词： Data Loading Distributed Deep Learning Reconfigurable optical network

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Ultra-low power MoS2 optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity for color target recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 187-196页

作者： Bo WEI Yabo CHEN Xiaotong HAN Yan KANG Bujia LIANG Cheng LI Xiaokuo YANG Liang FANG Yuanxi PENG Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology Fundamentals Department Air Force Engineering University College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology College of ScienceNational University of Defense Technology College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Optoelectronic synapses that integrate visual perception and pre-processing hold significant potential for neuromorphic vision systems（NVSs）. However, due to a lack of wavelength sensitivity, existing NVS mainly focuses on gray-scale image processing, making it challenging to recognize color images. Additionally, the high power consumption of optoelectronic synapses, compared to the 10 fJ energy consumption of biological synapses, limits their broader application. To address these challenges, an energy-efficient NVS capable of color target recognition in a noisy environment was developed,utilizing a MoS2optoelectronic synapse with wavelength sensitivity. Benefiting from the distinct photon capture capabilities of 450, 535, and 650 nm light, the optoelectronic synapse exhibits wavelength-dependent synaptic plasticity, including excitatory postsynaptic current（EPSC）, paired-pulse facilitation（PPF）, and long-term plasticity（LTP）. These properties can effectively mimic the visual memory and color discrimination functions of the human vision system. Results demonstrate that the NVS, based on MoS2optoelectronic synapses, can eliminate the color noise at the sensor level, increasing color image recognition accuracy from 50% to 90%. Importantly, the optoelectronic synapse operates at a low voltage spike of0.0005 V, consuming only 0.075 fJ per spike, surpassing the energy efficiency of both existing optoelectronic and biological synapses. This ultra-low power, color-sensitive device eliminates the need for color filters and offers great promise for future deployment in filter-free NVS.

关键词： optoelectronic synapse neuromorphic vision system color recognition 2D materials image pre-processing

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Mg/MgO interfaces as efficient hydrogen evolution cathodes causing accelerated corrosion of additive manufactured Mg alloys:A DFT analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 110-119页

作者： Man-Fai Ng Kai Xiang Kuah Teck Leong Tan Daniel John Blackwood Department of Materials Science&Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Republic of Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore

The corrosion rates of additive-manufactured Mg alloys are higher than their as-cast counterparts,possibly due to increased kinetics for the hydrogen evolution reaction on secondary phases,which may include oxide *** Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy demonstrated that MgO inclusions could act as cathodes for Mg corrosion,but their low conductivity likely precludes ***,the density of state calculations through density functional theory using hybrid HSE06 functional revealed overlapping electronic states at the Mg/MgO interface,which facilitates electron transfers and participates in redox *** determination of the hydrogen absorption energy at the Mg/MgO interface reveals it to be an excellent catalytic site,with HER being found to be a factor of 23x more efficient at the interface than on metallic *** results not only support the plausibility of the Mg/MgO interface being an effective cathode to the adjacent anodic Mg matrix during corrosion but also contribute to the understanding of the enhanced cathodic activities observed during the anodic dissolution of magnesium.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium oxide Interface Hydrogen evolution DFT

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Automating Maritime Risk Data Collection and Identification Leveraging Large Language Models 24

Automating Maritime Risk Data Collection and Identification ...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, ICDMW 2024

作者： Huang, Donghao Fu, Xiuju Yin, Xiaofeng Pen, Haibo Wang, Zhaoxia Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Mastercard Research and Development Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research Institute of High Performance Computing Singapore Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530631

Maritime risk research is crucial yet challenging for improving safety, efficiency, and sustainability in maritime operations. This paper presents an innovative method for automating the collection and identification of risk data related to global maritime risks from news sources, addressing the limitations of traditional manual methods. To evaluate the proposed method, different learning-based models, including conventional machine learning approaches and advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and LLaMA-3.1, are comprehensively studied for comparison. In addition, not only do we use popular evaluation metrics to assess the proposed method, but we also introduce a new evaluation metric, called the "Ratio of Valid Categories (RVC),"to evaluate model reliability. The merits of the proposed method are demonstrated across different evaluation metrics. The research results show that the proposed LLM-based methods, particularly the GPT-4-based method, consistently outperform traditional models, significantly improving both the efficiency and accuracy of maritime risk data collection and identification. Our findings contribute to the expanding literature on LLM applications in risk management, demonstrating their potential to transform data collection and identification practices. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Simulation of the Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm Using the Intel Quantum SDK 13

Simulation of the Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm Using t...

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13th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies, ACIT 2023

作者： Gambo, Yaknan John Shinde, Tejas Rasch, Kevin Liebelt, Helena Li, Rui Deggendorf Institute of Technology High Performance Computing and Quantum Computing Deggendorf Germany Quantum Computing Research Intel Inc HillsboroOR United States Deggendorf Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science Deggendorf Germany

Information security is an important fabric of our world today. Technologies used in the development of information security have constantly been evolving in response to new threats. Cryptographic algorithms like the RSA, DSA, AES etc. are currently being used in securing information even over insecure channels. The coming of quantum computers has now posed a great threat to classical cryptosystems which can be broken in polynomial time thanks to Shor's algorithm. A good hacker with good quantum computing power can break into encrypted messages easily. The Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm based on the BB84 protocol provides a solution to this problem. It makes it possible for communicating parties to exchange secret keys securely before a conversation can ensue. Verifying if these keys have been tampered with is a good first step to start before any other. QKD technology has made it possible to exchange these keys via an insecure channel and lets communicating parties know if an eavesdropper has tempered with the message. In this work, we discuss the QKD algorithm and simulated it on the newly released Intel quantum SDK. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Solving 2 by 2 Grid Sudoku Problem using Grover's Algorithm with Intel Quantum SDK 13

Solving 2 by 2 Grid Sudoku Problem using Grover's Algorithm ...

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13th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies, ACIT 2023

作者： Shinde, Tejas Gambo, Yaknan John Rasch, Kevin Liebelt, Helena Li, Rui Deggendorf Institute of Technology High Performance Computing and Quantum Computing Deggendorf Germany Quantum Computing Research Intel Inc HillsboroOR United States Deggendorf Institute of Technology Department of Applied Computer Science Deggendorf Germany

Quantum technologies are moving towards enabling real world uses and as these technologies develop. The most important thing that differs Quantum from classical computers is that Quantum Computers can do 'multiple' tasks at the same time as opposed to the classical computers doing a single task at a time. This phenomenon has led to the discovery of a few algorithms that are faster than regular computers. One such algorithm is the Grover's Algorithm[l]. This algorithm has shown a few real-world applications such as Quantum Search Algorithm, Travelling salesman, etc[2]. In this paper, Grover's algorithm is introduced, and a 2 x 2 Sudoku example is solved using Intel Quantum Software Development Kit[3]. The Intel Quantum SDK is quite new and in this paper we show how a simple Grover's Problem can be implemented in the SDK. Sudoku is a popular number-based puzzle game played on a grid consisting of nine squares subdivided into smaller 3x3 grids. The objective is to fill the grid with numbers from 1 to 9, ensuring that each row, column, and 3x3 grid contains all numbers exactly once. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Qubits

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Enhancing Medical Diagnosis with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models: Addressing Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (CPE) 24

Enhancing Medical Diagnosis with Fine-Tuned Large Language M...

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11th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering, ICBBE 2024

作者： Chiu, Yen-Jung Chuang, Chao-Chun Hwa, Kuo-Yuan Department of Biomedical Engineering Ming Chuan University Taipei Taiwan National Center For High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400718274

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) with significant advancements in text generation. LLMs often struggle with complex domain-specific tasks, such as medical report analysis, despite their capabilities. This study focuses on enhancing LLM performance for medical applications, particularly in diagnosing and managing cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE). This research explores fine-tuning LLMs to develop a real-time CPE chatbot for Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The chatbot aims to provide diagnostic suggestions and explanations based on patient data. In the results, the LLaMa3-8B model performed better in predicting patients' CPE stage and keyword extraction. The accuracies achieved 72% and 86%. Copyright © 2024 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Traffic Object Detection System Based on YOLOv5 for V2V Communications

Traffic Object Detection System Based on YOLOv5 for V2V Comm...

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2023 International Russian Automation Conference, RusAutoCon 2023

作者： Abdulnagimov, Ansaf Klyavlin, Nail Alektorov, Gleb Ufa University of Science and Technology Automated Control and Management Department Ufa Russia Ufa University of Science and Technology Department of High-Performance Computing Technologies and Systems Ufa Russia Ufa University of Science and Technology Department of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Ufa Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345551

The deep learning techniques on the base of YOLOv5 architecture have been shown to make a traffic objects detection system for V2V communications to ensure traffic safety and traffic flows prediction. According to the detection data the detector allows to estimate the traffic object speed and the coordinates of movement. To improve the accuracy of calculations, the distortion correction algorithm (in geometric optics), the Chang method and the Kalman filter are used. To set the detector to work in online operation mode, an algorithm has been developed that receives video stream from open city surveillance cameras with the processing of a m3u8 playlist. The developed detector can be used on "connected"vehicles to assess the situation on the roads and ensure safety traffic. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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