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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： Jennifer Hyde Elizabeth J. Carter Sara Kiesler Jessica K. Hodgins Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Computer Science Department Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355452

Common guidelines followed in the animation community include the idea that cartoon characters should be exaggerated to better convey emotion and intent, whereas more realistic characters should have “matching” realistic motion. We investigated the effects of rendering style and amount of facial motion on perceptions of character likeability, intelligence, and extraversion. We used cartoon and more realistic-looking characters that were animated with tracked actor motion. The motion was exaggerated and damped in 10% increments up to a 40% difference from the original motion. We discovered that motion changes ±20% from original motion affected perceptions of likeability and intelligence differently in the realistic-looking and cartoon characters. The realistic-looking characters benefited from increased motion whereas the cartoon characters benefitted from damped motion. Furthermore, the amount of facial motion and perceptions of extraversion were significantly correlated.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Shape Facial animation Correlation Accuracy Vectors

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Classifying behavior patterns of user nodes

Classifying behavior patterns of user nodes

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International Conference on Cloud Computing and Social Networking 2012: "Cloud Computing and Social Networking for Smart and Productive Society", ICCCSN 2012

作者： Song, Gyuwon Kim, Suhyun Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu Daejeon Korea Republic of Imaging Media Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781467318167

To increase the scalability of cloud computing, utilizing resources of individual users has been widely adopted especially in video streaming services. Accurately predicting behavior of user nodes is critical to achieve a high efficiency in such a peer-assisted system. Though there have been many measurement studies on peer-to-peer systems, most of them have focused on the design and characterization of the systems. Thus the behavior patterns of individual nodes have seldom been studied. In this paper, we present new techniques for classifying behavior of nodes in terms of availability and compare them with naive manual classification. We apply a k-means clustering algorithm with various classification criteria on real trace data of a peer-to-peer system. Our analysis shows that there are three dominant time zones with respect to the availability peak time. Our study will give a useful hint to a system designer in handling churns more efficiently based on the peer classification. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Scalability

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Conversational gaze mechanisms for humanlike robots

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ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 2012年第2期1卷 1–33页

作者： Mutlu, Bilge Kanda, Takayuki Forlizzi, Jodi Hodgins, Jessica Ishiguro, Hiroshi Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison 1210W. Dayton St. Madison WI 53706 United States Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratories ATR 2-2-2 Hikaridai Soraku-gun Seika-cho Kyoto 619-0224 Japan Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of System Innovation Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan

During conversations, speakers employ a number of verbal and nonverbal mechanisms to establish who participates in the conversation, when, and in what capacity. Gaze cues and mechanisms are particularly instrumental in establishing the participant roles of interlocutors, managing speaker turns, and signaling discourse structure. If humanlike robots are to have fluent conversations with people, they will need to use these gaze mechanisms effectively. The current work investigates people's use of key conversational gaze mechanisms, how they might be designed for and implemented in humanlike robots, and whether these signals effectively shape human-robot conversations. We focus particularly on whether humanlike gaze mechanisms might help robots signal different participant roles, manage turn-exchanges, and shape how interlocutors perceive the robot and the conversation. The evaluation of these mechanisms involved 36 trials of three-party human-robot conversations. In these trials, the robot used gaze mechanisms to signal to its conversational partners their roles either of two addressees, an addressee and a bystander, or an addressee and a nonparticipant. Results showed that participants conformed to these intended roles 97% of the time. Their conversational roles affected their rapport with the robot, feelings of groupness with their conversational partners, and attention to the task. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： human robot interaction

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Classifying behavior patterns of user nodes

Classifying behavior patterns of user nodes

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International Conference on Cloud Computing and Social Networking (ICCCSN)

作者： Gyuwon Song Suhyun Kim Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Imaging Media Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea

关键词： Peer to peer computing Availability Shape computers Clustering algorithms USA Councils Scalability

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Understanding individual nodes in peer-to-peer systems

Understanding individual nodes in peer-to-peer systems

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2010 19th International Conference on computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2010

作者： Song, Gyuwon Kim, Suhyun Jang, Sunghwan Seo, Daeil Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of Imaging Media Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781424471164

This paper addresses a simple question: Is there a behavior pattern of an individual node in peer-to-peer systems? It is known that peer-to-peer systems collectively show daily patterns, but the behavior patterns of individual nodes have seldom been studied. If individual nodes have their own behavior patterns with reasonable accuracy, we could greatly improve the efficiency of the system by reducing the overhead to handle unexpected random node failures. Even though there have been many empirical studies on peer-to-peer systems, most of them are focusing on a collective view to characterize the whole systems in terms of average availability, average session length, and so on. In this paper we present Peer Availability Table (PAT) which is a model to represent a behavior pattern of an individual node based on the measurement of node availability. To judge the existence of the behavior pattern, we measure the performance of PAT using a binary classification test. By answering the basic question, we provide a useful hint for the design of peer-to-peer systems. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Availability

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Understanding Individual Nodes in Peer-to-Peer Systems

Understanding Individual Nodes in Peer-to-Peer Systems

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International Conference on computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

作者： Gyuwon Song Suhyun Kim Sunghwan Jang Daeil Seo Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Imaging Media Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea

This paper addresses a simple question: Is there a behavior pattern of an individual node in peer-to-peer systems? It is known that peer-to-peer systems collectively show daily patterns, but the behavior patterns of individual nodes have seldom been studied. If individual nodes have their own behavior patterns with reasonable accuracy, we could greatly improve the efficiency of the system by reducing the overhead to handle unexpected random node failures. Even though there have been many empirical studies on peerto-peer systems, most of them are focusing on a collective view to characterize the whole systems in terms of average availability, average session length, and so on. In this paper we present Peer Availability Table (PAT) which is a model to represent a behavior pattern of an individual node based on the measurement of node availability. To judge the existence of the behavior pattern, we measure the performance of PAT using a binary classification test. By answering the basic question, we provide a useful hint for the design of peer-to-peer systems.

关键词： Peer to peer computing Availability Accuracy Sensitivity Probes Frequency measurement

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Replica placement algorithm for highly available peer-to-peer storage systems

Replica placement algorithm for highly available peer-to-pee...

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1st International Conference on Advances in P2P Systems, AP2PS 2009

作者： Song, Gyuwon Kim, Suhyun Seo, Daeil Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of Imaging Media Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780769538310

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology is an emerging approach to overcoming the limitations of the traditional client server architecture. However, building a highly available P2P system is quite challenging, in particular a P2P storage system. The reason is due to the fundamental nature of P2P systems: peers can join and leave at any time without any notice. Replication is one of the strategies in overcoming the unpredictable behavior of peers. A good replication algorithm should use the minimum number of replicas to provide the desired availability of data. The popular approach in the previous studies is a random placement of replicas, but it ignores the wide difference in the availability of each peer. In this paper, we develop a replica placement algorithm which exploits the availability pattern of each individual peer. By comparing our algorithm with a random placement scheme, we show that our algorithm dramatically improves the data availability with moderate overhead in terms of memory consumption and processing time in both ideal and practical conditions. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Availability

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Replica Placement Algorithm for Highly Available Peer-to-Peer Storage Systems

Replica Placement Algorithm for Highly Available Peer-to-Pee...

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International Conference on Advances in P2P Systems (AP2PS)

作者： Gyuwon Song Suhyun Kim Daeil Seo Imaging Media Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Human Computer Interaction and Robotics Department University of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology is an emerging approach to overcoming the limitations of the traditional client-server architecture. However, building a highly available P2P system is quite challenging, in particular a P2P storage system. The reason is due to the fundamental nature of P2P systems: peers can join and leave at any time without any notice. Replication is one of the strategies in overcoming the unpredictable behavior of peers. A good replication algorithm should use the minimum number of replicas to provide the desired availability of data. The popular approach in the previous studies is a random placement of replicas, but it ignores the wide difference in the availability of each peer. In this paper, we develop a replica placement algorithm which exploits the availability pattern of each individual peer. By comparing our algorithm with a random placement scheme, we show that our algorithm dramatically improves the data availability with moderate overhead in terms of memory consumption and processing time in both ideal and practical conditions.

关键词： Peer to peer computing Storage automation Image storage computer architecture Space technology Power system reliability Bandwidth human computer interaction human robot interaction Buildings

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Fast planning for dynamic preferences

Fast planning for dynamic preferences

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18th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS 2008

作者： Ziebart, Brian D. Dey, Anind K. Bagnell, J. Andrew Machine Learning Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577353867

We present an algorithm that quickly finds optimal plans for unforeseen agent preferences within graph-based planning domains where actions have deterministic outcomes and action costs are linearly parameterized by preference parameters. We focus on vehicle route planning for drivers with personal trade-offs for different types of roads, and specifically on settings where these preferences are not known until planning time. We employ novel bounds (based on the triangle inequality and on the the concavity of the optimal plan cost in the space of preferences) to enable the reuse of previously computed optimal plans that are similar to the new plan preferences. The resulting lower bounds are employed to guide the search for the optimal plan up to 60 times more efficiently than previous methods. Copyright © 2008, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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The second international conference on human-Robot interaction

The second international conference on Human-Robot Interacti...

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作者： Schultz, Alan C. Breazeal, Cynthia Fong, Terry Kiesler, Sara Washington DC United States Department of Media Arts and Scienes MIT Media Lab. Intelligent Robotics Group NASA Ames Research Center Department of Computer Science and Human Computer Interaction Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States

The second international conference on human-Robot interaction (HRI-2007) was held in Arlington, Virginia, March 9-11, 2007. The theme of the conference was "Robot as Team Member" and included posters and paper presentations on teamwork, social robotics, adaptation, observation and metrics, attention, user experience, and field testing. One hundred seventy-five researchers and practitioners attended the conference, and many more contributed to the conference as authors or reviewers. HRI-2008 will be held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands from March 12-15, 2008. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： robotics

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