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New texture shape feature coding-based computer aided diagnostic methods for classification of masses on mammograms

New texture shape feature coding-based computer aided diagno...

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Conference proc.edings - 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2004

作者： Chen, Yuan Chang, Chein-I. Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250

This paper presents new texture shape feature coding (TSFC)-based computer aided diagnostic (CAD) classification methods for classification of masses on mammograms. It introduces a new concept of 1.5-order 3-neighbor 3 × 3 connectivity to extract texture shape features that can describe multiples of 22.5°. In order to effectively utilize these shape features, two new methods of implementing TFSC are further proposed to convert these features to texture feature numbers (TFNs), TFNs in quaternary (TFNq) which expresses a TFN in quaternary expansion and TFNs in product (TFN × ) that represents a TFN in terms of a product. Both TFNq and TFN × can then produce texture shape histograms in the same way that a gray-level histogram is generated for an image. Such a texture shape histogram is further used to generate various shape features of masses on mammograms for classification. In order to demonstrate the promise of our TSFC-based CAD methods, the MiniMammographic Database provided by the Mammographic image Analysis Society (MIAS) is used for experiments.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Adaptive causal anomaly detection for hyperspectral imagery

Adaptive causal anomaly detection for hyperspectral imagery

引用

2004 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium proc.edings: Science for Society: Exploring and Managing a Changing Planet. IGARSS 2004

作者： Hsueh, Mingkai Chang, Chein-I. Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250

Anomaly detection finds target pixels whose signatures are spectrally distinct from their surrounding pixels. It is generally performed without prior knowledge. This paper presents an adaptive causal anomaly detector (ACAD) which implements a causal anomaly detector in such a fashion that a target pixel will be removed from the data correlation matrix once it is detected as an anomaly. As a result, it improves the commonly used RX algorithm as well as a recently developed causal RX filter.

关键词： image proc.ssing

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FPGA Design for Constrained Energy Minimization

FPGA Design for Constrained Energy Minimization

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Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection

作者： Wang, Jianwei Chang, Chein-I Cao, Mang Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore MD 21250

The Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) has been widely used for hyperspectral detection and classification. The feasibility of implementing the CEM as a real-time proc.ssing algorithm in systolic arrays has been also demonstrated, The main challenge of realizing the CEM in hardware architecture is the computation of the inverse of the data correlation matrix performed in the CEM, which requires a complete set of data samples. In order to cope with this problem, the data correlation matrix must be calculated in a causal manner which only needs data samples up to the sample at the time it is proc.ssed. This paper presents a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) design of such a causal CEM. The main feature of the proposed FPGA design is to use the Coordinate Rotation Digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm that can convert a Givens rotation of a vector to a set of shift-add operations. As a result, the CORDIC algorithm can be easily implemented in hardware architecture, therefore in FPGA. Since the computation of the inverse of the data correlation matrix involves a series of Givens rotations, the utility of the CORDIC algorithm allows the causal CEM to perform real-time proc.ssing in FPGA. In this paper, an FPGA implementation of the causal CEM will be studied and its detailed architecture will be also described.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays

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Nested random phase sequence sets: A link between AM-FM demodulation and increasing operators with application to cardiac image analysis

Nested random phase sequence sets: A link between AM-FM demo...

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2004 IEEE Southwest Symposium on image Analysis and Interpretation

作者： Paul, Rodriguez V. Pattichis, Marios S. Image/Video Proc./Communication Lab Department of Electrical Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131-1356 Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus CY-1678 Nicosia Cyprus

AM-FM models images as a linear combination of positive amplitude modulated (AM) sinusoids with non-linear phase functions. In this paper, we develop a novel FM harmonics operator for revealing different levels of image structure detail. The new operator is defined in terms of known AM-FM demodulation techniques: dominant component analysis and channelized component analysis. We also show an example of image segmentation, where the new operator is used for tracking cardiac wall boundaries in Motion-mode (M-mode) ultrasound video.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Multistage Pulse Code Modulation for Progressive Spectral Signature Coding

Multistage Pulse Code Modulation for Progressive Spectral Si...

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Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection

作者： Chang, Chein-I Wang, Jing D'Amico, Francis Jensen, James O. Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 US Army Edgewood Chem./Biol. Center Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010

Spectral signature coding is an effective means to characterize spectral features. This paper presents a novel progressive spectral signature coding, called Multistage Predictive Coding Modulation (MPCM) for hyperspectral imagery. It not only can be used for signature coding, but also can provide a progressive profile for each signature in terms of identification. The idea is to consider the spectrum of a hyperspectral image pixel vector as a 1-D signal, then the proposed MPCM encodes such a 1-D spectral signal progressively based on the priorities assigned to signal points for spectral reconstruction. The MPCM generates priority codewords for a spectral signature in a specific manner that the characteristics of this particular signature can be captured and used as its own fingerprint. Despite that the success of MPCM in spatial coding has been demonstrated in image progressive reconstruction, progressive edge detection and text detection, its utility in spectral coding has not been investigated and is yet to be explored. This paper demonstrates that the MPCM-based progressive spectral coding can be useful not only in data compression, progressive reconstruction, but also in progressive material identification.

关键词： Pulse code modulation

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Subpixel Land Covers Detection and Classification for Hyperspectral imagery

Subpixel Land Covers Detection and Classification for Hypers...

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Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection

作者： Ren, Hsuan Lin, Chinsu Chang, Chein-I Ctr. for Space/Remote Sensing Res. National Central University Taiwan Department of Forestry National Chiayi University Taiwan Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250

Hyperspectral imaging has recently received considerable interest in land-cover classification. With the improvement of spectral resolution, hyperspectral images can be used to detect and classify subtle land cover types which cannot be resolved by multispectral data. Unfortunately, most of techniques for land cover classification are developed based on pattern classification rather than target classification. The chief difference between these two is that patter classification. is performed by classifying all image pixel vectors into different types of pattern classes, including image background, whereas target classification is conducted based on targets of interest regardless of what image background is. This paper presents hyperspectral land-cover classification techniques based on targets of interest. Experiments are conducted using DAIS data acquired by GER for applications in agriculture and environmental monitoring.

关键词： Landforms

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Weighted average spatio-temporal update operator for subband video coding

Weighted average spatio-temporal update operator for subband...

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IEEE International Conference on image proc.ssing

作者： C. Tillier B. Pesquet-Popescu M. van der Schaar Signal and Image Proc. Department TELECOM ParisTech Paris France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California슠Davis Davis CA USA

Spatio-temporal motion-compensated wavelet decomposition is an increasingly popular method for scalable video coding, with coding efficiency which is competitive with state-of-the-art nonscalable codecs. In this paper, we propose a new spatio-temporal update operator in the lifting scheme allowing efficient implementation of these temporal decompositions. We demonstrate its improved performance both theoretically, by exhibiting a decrease in the reconstruction error and by simulation results.

关键词： Video coding Motion estimation Motion compensation Quantization Telecommunications Bandwidth Displays Wavelet domain Video codecs Indium phosphide

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A Least-Squares Approach to Fully Constrained Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis Using Linear Inequality Constraints

A Least-Squares Approach to Fully Constrained Linear Spectra...

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Imaging Spectrometry IX

作者： Sun, Zhibin Chang, Chein-I Ren, Hsuan D'Amico, Francis M. Jensen, James O. Department of Mathematics Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 US Army Edgewood Chem. and Biological Center Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010

Fully constrained linear spectral mixture analysis (FCLSMA) has been used for material quantification in remotely sensed imagery. In order to implement FCLSMA, two constraints are imposed on abundance fractions, referred to as Abundance Sum-to-one Constraint (ASC) and Abundance Nonnegativity Constraint (ANC). While the ASC is linear equality constraint, the ANC is a linear inequality constraint. A direct approach to imposing the ASC and ANC has been recently investigated and is called fully constrained least-squares (FCLS) method. Since there is no analytical solution resulting from the ANC, a modified fully constrained least-squares method (MFCLS) which replaces the ANC with an Absolute Abundance Sum-to-one Constraint (AASC) was proposed to convert a set of inequality constraints to a quality constraint. The results produced by these two approaches have been shown to be very close. In this paper, we take an opposite approach to the MFCLS method, called least-squares with linear inequality constraints (LSLIC) method which also solves FCLSMA, but replaces the ASC with two linear inequalities. The proposed LSLIC transforms the FCLSMA to a linear distance programming problem which can be solved easily by a numerical algorithm. In order to demonstrate its utility in solving FCLSMA, the LSLIC method is compared to the FCLS and MFCLS methods. The experimental results show that these three methods perform very similarly with only subtle differences resulting from their problem formations.

关键词： image proc.ssing

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A Revisit to Target-Constrained Interference-Minimized Filter (TCIMF)

A Revisit to Target-Constrained Interference-Minimized Filte...

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Imaging Spectrometry IX

作者： Chang, Chein-I Ren, Hsuan Hsueh, Mingkai Du, Qian D'Amico, Francis M. Jensen, James O. Remote Sensing Sign./Image Proc. L. Department of Computer Science Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 US Army Edgewood Chem. and Biological Center Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 Department of Electrical Engineering Texas A and M University-Kingsville Kingsville TX 78363

The Orthogonal Subspace Projection (OSP) and Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) have been used in hyperspectral target detection and classification. A target-constrained interference-minimized, filter (TCIMF) was recently proposed to extend the CEM to improve signal detectability by annihilating undesired target signal sources as the way carried out in the OSP. In this paper, we revisit the TCIMF from a signal proc.ssing viewpoint where signals can be characterized by three types of information sources, desired target sources and undesired target sources, both of which are provided a priori, and interferers which are unknown interfering sources. By virtue of such signal decomposition, we can show that the TCIMF is actually a generalization of the OSP and CEM. In particular, we investigate assumptions made for the OSP and CEM in terms of these three types of signal sources and exploit insights into their filter design. As will be shown in this paper, the OSP and the CEM perform the same tasks by operating different levels of information and both can be viewed as special cases of the TCIMF.

关键词： image proc.ssing

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Highly scalable video coding by bidirectional predict-update 3-band schemes

Highly scalable video coding by bidirectional predict-update...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal proc.ssing (ICASSP)

作者： C. Tillier B. Pesquet-Popescu M. van der Schaar Signal and Image Proc. Department Télécom Paris Technology Paris France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California슠Davis Davis CA USA

Motion-compensated temporal filtering is an essential ingredient of recently developed wavelet-based scalable video coding schemes. The lifting implementation of these decompositions represents a versatile tool for spatio-temporal optimizations and numerous improvements have thus been proposed. An additional feature has been introduced lately by providing a 3-band lifting temporal decomposition, allowing non-dyadic scalability factors. The paper presents a motion-compensated scheme which is the 3-band equivalent of the 5/3 temporal filterbank. The proposed structure does not enter the classical lifting framework and therefore its invertibility is studied. Simulation results show higher coding efficiency, improved visual quality and more flexibility compared to the previously introduced Haar-like 2 or 3-band schemes.

关键词： Video coding Scalability Filter bank Filtering Spatial resolution Motion estimation Signal resolution Wavelet transforms Entropy coding Spatiotemporal phenomena

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