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An Ontological Model for Resource Sharing in Pervasive Environments

An Ontological Model for Resource Sharing in Pervasive Envir...

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IEEE WIC ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI)

作者： Kimberly García Manuele Kirsch-Pinheiro Sonia Mendoza Dominique Decouchant Department of Computer Science CINVESTAV-IPN México DF México Centre de Rech. en Inf. Univ. Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne Paris France Department of Information Technologies UAM-Cuajimalpa Mexico DF. Mexico

Service Discovery Protocols have been developed for applications to take advantages of services shared over networks. Each protocol provides a way for applications to ask for the type of services they need. In return, applications receive inf.rmation about services that could fulfill their needs. However, such protocols do not supply enough support for dynamic environments involving interaction among persons, heterogenous devices, applications and files. Unlike applications, people expect to receive customized inf.rmation about their identity, role, social relations, and even contextual variables (e.g., location). Thus, to provide a computational support that satisfies users' requirements in an accurate way, up to date inf.rmation about the current conditions of the environment and the entities involved in it is fundamental. In this paper, we tackle the lack of a descriptive technique for resource discovery by proposing a carefully designed ontological approach.

关键词： Ontologies Random access memory Context Collaboration computer architecture Context modeling Protocols

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EMPPC-an evolutionary model based privacy preserving technique for cloud digital data storage

EMPPC-an evolutionary model based privacy preserving techniq...

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IEEE International Advance Computing Conference, IACC

作者： D Chandramohan. T Vengattaraman. D Rajaguru. R Baskaran. P Dhavachelvan. Department of Computer Science Pondicherry University India Pondicherry University Pondicherry Tamil Nadu IN Dept.of Inf.Technology Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Inst.of Eng. & Technology Karaikal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Anna University Chennai India

This paper spank out the enormity of unknown users hand on web service users' and their data protection level bump up as an issue in cloud users mind. Once hiring a data space in cloud it's the responsibility of both to accustomed the stored inf.rmation's privacy and preserving it in a secret way. It is noticed by the academicians and researchers oodles and masses of privacy breaches relentlessly observable fact dealt globally. It is one of the hottest research topics. This work targets data privacy and its preservation by proposing an evolutionary approach to safeguard the confidential data stored in the cloud. It also focuses on prominent study of users' privacy need and to preserve data distorted from intermediate digital data thieves.

关键词： Data privacy Privacy Cloud computing Data models Authentication Computational modeling

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Understanding the Impacts of Solid-State Storage on the Hadoop Performance

Understanding the Impacts of Solid-State Storage on the Hado...

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International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD)

作者： Dan Wu Wenhai Luo Wenyan Xie Xiaoheng Ji Jian He Di Wu Network & Inf. Branch Guangdong Electr. Power Design Inst. Guangzhou China Network & Information Branch Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932627

The superior I/O performance of solid-state storage (e.g., solid-state drives) makes it become an attractive replacement for the traditional magnetic storage (e.g., harddisk drives). More and more storage systems start to integrate solid-state storage into their architecture. To understand the impacts of solid-state storage on the performance of Hadoop applications, we consider a hybrid Hadoop storage system consisting of both HDDs and SSDs, and conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the Hadoop performance under various system configurations. We find that the Hadoop performance can be increased almost linearly with the increasing fraction of SSDs in the storage system. The improvement is more significant for a larger dataset size. In addition, the performance of Hadoop applications running on SSD-dominant storage systems is insensitive to the variations of block size and buffer size, which significantly differs from HDD-dominant storage systems. By increasing the fraction of SSDs, there is no need for the Hadoop operators to consider how to carefully tune block size and buffer size to achieve the optimal performance. Our findings also indicate that the upgrade of the hadoop storage system can be achieved by increasing the capacity of SSDs linearly according to the scale of the applications.

关键词： Buffer storage Performance evaluation Merging Benchmark testing Sorting Servers computer architecture

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A Robust Permission-Based Hierarchical Distributed k-Mutual Exclusion Algorithm

A Robust Permission-Based Hierarchical Distributed k-Mutual ...

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International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing

作者： Luiz A. Rodrigues Jaime Cohen Luciana Arantes Elias P. Duarte Department of Computer Science Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil Dept. of Inf. Ponta Grossa State Univ. (UEPG) Ponta Grossa Brazil LIP6/CNRS/INRIA/REGAL Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) Paris France Department of Informatics Federal University of Parana (UFPR) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479907342

Distributed mutual exclusion is a basic building block of distributed systems that coordinates the access to critical shared resources. This work introduces a novel permission-based k-mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed systems with crash faults. Processes monitor each other and organize themselves on an adaptive virtual topology that is based on the hypercube and presents several logarithmic properties. Mutual exclusion is deployed on top of this monitoring system. Processes communicate through spanning trees which are created with a fully distributed strategy that tolerates faults by using process state inf.rmation provided by the underlying monitoring system. Both the mutual exclusion and the distributed spanning tree algorithm are formally specified. The strategy is proven to guarantee the safety and liveness of the concurrent access of n processes to k critical resources. Experimental results are presented, showing that the algorithm performs efficiently even when up to n-1 processes are faulty.

关键词： Clustering algorithms computer crashes Monitoring Clocks Unicast Topology Hypercubes

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Video saliency detection in the compressed domain

Video saliency detection in the compressed domain

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20th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2012

作者： Fang, Yuming Lin, Weisi Chen, Zhenzhong Tsai, Chia-Ming Lin, Chia-Wen School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Computer Science and Inf. Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450310895

Saliency detection is widely used to extract the regions of interest in images. Many saliency detection models have been proposed for videos in the uncompressed domain. However, videos are always stored in the compressed domain such as MPEG2, H.264, MPEG4 Visual, etc. In this study, we propose a video saliency detection model based on feature contrast in the compressed domain. Four features of luminance, color, texture and motion are extracted from DCT coefficients and motion vectors in the video bitstream. The static saliency map of video frames is calculated based on the luminance, color and texture features, while the motion saliency map for video frames is computed by motion feature. The final saliency map for video frames is obtained through combining the static saliency map and motion saliency map. Experimental results show good performance of the proposed video saliency detection model in the compressed domain. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Luminance

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How to have your cake and eat it too: Dynamic software updating with just-in-time overhead

How to have your cake and eat it too: Dynamic software updat...

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2012 4th International Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Upgrades, HotSWUp 2012

作者： Bazzi, Rida A. Topp, Bryan Neamtiu, Iulian School of Comp. Inf. and Dec. Sys. Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317641

We consider the overhead incurred by programs that can be updated dynamically and argue that, in general, and regardless of the mechanism used, the program must incur an overhead during normal execution. We argue that the overhead during normal execution of the updateable program need not be as high as the overhead for the updated program. In light of the fundamental limitations and the differences in the overhead that must be incurred by the updateable and updated programs, we propose a new mechanism for dynamic software update based on a new shifting gears approach. The mechanism attempts to incur just the required overhead depending on the stage of update the application is in. Before an update the execution incurs low overhead and when an update occurs the execution incurs higher overhead which reverts to low overhead as the execution progresses. We evaluate the mechanism by modifying an application by hand. Preliminary performance numbers show that the mechanism performs better than existing mechanisms for dynamic software update. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Dynamics

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Support vector machine with orthogonal Legendre kernel

Support vector machine with orthogonal Legendre kernel

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2012 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition, ICWAPR 2012

作者： Pan, Zhi-Bin Chen, Hong You, Xin-Hua College of Science Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China Dept. of Electron. and Inf. Eng. Huazhong Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Wuhan 430074 China Department of Computer Science Zhixing College Hubei University Wuhan 430011 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467315326

Support vector machines (SVMs) are probably the most well-known models based on kernel substitution. Based on orthogonal Legendre polynomials, an orthogonal Legendre kernel function for support vector machine is proposed using the properties of kernel functions. We then prove that it satisfies the Mercer condition. Compared to traditional kernel functions such as polynomial or gaussian kernels, orthogonal Legendre kernel can reduce the redundancy in feature space due to the orthogonality of Legendre polynomials, which may enable the S VM to construct the separating hyperplane with less support vectors. Compared to orthogonal Chebyshev kernel function, orthogonal Legendre kernel is faster and saves more time. Experimental results show that orthogonal Legendre kernel is competitive to other kernel functions. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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OCR-based image features for biomedical image and article classification: Identifying documents relevant to cis-regulatory elements 12

OCR-based image features for biomedical image and article cl...

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2012 ACM Conference on Bioinf.rmatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine, BCB 2012

作者： Shatkay, Hagit Narayanaswamy, Ramya Nagaral, Santosh S. Harrington, Na Rohith, M.V. Somanath, Gowri Tarpine, Ryan Schutter, Kyle Johnstone, Tim Blostein, Dorothea Istrail, Sorin Kambhamettu, Chandra Department of Computer and Inf. Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE United States Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of Delaware Newark DE United States School of Computing Queen's University Kingston Ontario CA United States Center for Computational Molecular Biology Department of Computer Science Brown University Providence RI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450316705

Images form a significant and useful source of inf.rmation in published biomedical articles, which is still under-utilized in biomedical document classification and retrieval. Much current work on biomedical image retrieval and classification employs simple, standard image features such as gray scale histograms and edge direction to represent and classify images. We have used such features as well to classify images in our early work [5], where we used image-class-tags to represent and classify articles. In the work presented here we focus on a different literature classification task, motivated by the need to identify articles discussing cis-regulatory elements and modules in the context of understanding complex gene-networks. The curators who try to identify such articles in the vast literature use as a major cue a certain type of image in which the conserved cis-regulatory region on the DNA is shown. Our experiments show that automatically identifying such images using common image features (like those mentioned above) can be highly error prone. However, using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract alphabet characters from images, calculating character distribution and using the distribution parameters as image features, allows us to form a novel representation of images, and identify DNA-content in images with high precision and recall (over 0.9). Utilizing the occurrence of such DNA-rich images within articles, we train a classifier that identifies articles pertaining to cis-regulatory elements with a similarly high precision and recall. The use of OCR-based image features has much potential beyond the current task, to identify other types of biomedical sequence-based images showing DNA, RNA and proteins. Moreover, the ability to automatically identify such images has much potential to be widely applicable in other important biomedical document classification tasks. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Optical character recognition

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Trustworthy Web Service Selection Using Probabilistic Models

Trustworthy Web Service Selection Using Probabilistic Models

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS)

作者： Mohamad Mehdi Nizar Bouguila Jamal Bentahar Engineering and Computer Science Concordia University Montreal Canada Concordia Inst. for Inf. Syst. Eng. Montreal QC Canada

Software architectures of large-scale systems are perceptibly shifting towards employing open and distributed computing. Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a typical example of such environment in which the quality of interactions amongst software agents is a critical concern. Agent-based web services in open and distributed architectures need to interact with each other to achieve their goals and fulfill complex user requests. Two common tasks are inf.uenced by the quality of interactions among web services: the selection and composition. Thus, to ensure the maximum gain in both tasks, it is essential for each agent-based web service to maintain a model of its environment. This model then provides a means for a web service to predict the quality of future interactions with its peers. In this paper, we formulate this model as a machine learning problem which we analyze by modeling the trustworthiness of web services using probabilistic models. We propose two approaches for trust learning of single and composed services; Bayesian Networks and Mixture of Multinomial Dirichlet Distributions (MMDD). The effectiveness of our approaches is empirically assessed using a simulation study. Our results show that representing the quality of a web service by Multinomial Dirichlet Distribution (MDD) provides high flexibility and accuracy in modeling trust. They also show that using our approaches to estimate trust enhances web services selection and composition.

关键词： Web services Computational modeling Bayesian methods Vectors Measurement Biological system modeling

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Exploring Employment Opportunities through Microtasks via Cybercafes

Exploring Employment Opportunities through Microtasks via Cy...

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IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

作者： Mrunal Gawade Rajan Vaish Mercy Nduta Waihumbu James Davis Department of Computer Science Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of California Santa Cruz CA USA Dept. of Comput. Sci. Centrum Wiskunde & Inf. Amsterdam Netherlands

Microwork in cybercafés is a promising tool for poverty alleviation. For those who cannot afford a computer, cybercafés can serve as a simple payment channel and as a platform to work. However, there are questions about whether workers are interested in working in cybercafés, whether cybercafé owners are willing to host such a set up, and whether workers are skilled enough to earn an acceptable pay rate? We designed experiments in internet/cyber cafes in India and Kenya to investigate these issues. We also investigated whether computers make workers more productive than mobile platforms? In surveys, we found that 99% of the users wanted to continue with the experiment in cybercafé, while 8 of 9 cybercafé owners showed interest to host this experiment. User typing speed was adequate to earn a pay rate comparable to their existing wages, and the fastest workers were approximately twice as productive using a computer platform.

关键词： computers Mobile communication Mobile handsets Employment Educational institutions Sociology Statistics

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