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24th International Conference on Intelligent Data engineering and Automated Learning, IDEAL 2023

作者： Pinto, João Cabral Gonçalo Oliveira, Hugo Cardoso, Alberto Silva, Catarina Department of Informatics Engineering CISUC University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031482311

Recent developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have opened up a plethora of opportunities to extract pertinent information in settings where data overload is a critical issue. In this work, we address the highly relevant scenario of fire detection and deployment of firefighting resources. Social media posts commonly contain textual information during a fire event, but their vast volume and the necessity for swift actionable information often precludes their effective utilization. This paper proposes an information extraction pipeline capable of generating a wildfire heat map of Portugal from Twitter posts written in Portuguese. It uses a fine-tuned version of a BERT language model to extract fire reports from large batches of recent fire-related tweets as well as the spaCy NLP library to query the location of each recently reported fire. Wildfire locations are plotted to a colored map indicating the most probable fire locations, which could prove useful in the process of allocating firefighting resources for those regions. The system is easily adaptable to work with any other country or language, provided compatible BERT and spaCy models exist. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Fires

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Lead Time Analysis for UAVs' Failure Prediction in U-space 28

Lead Time Analysis for UAVs' Failure Prediction in U-space

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28th IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, PRDC 2023

作者： Asghari, Omid Ivaki, Naghmeh Madeira, Henrique University of Coimbra Cisuc Department of Informatics Engineering Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358766

In recent years, UAVs have been increasingly used in urban environments due to agility in movement, simplicity in mechanics, low price, and ability to access locations that are difficult or impossible to reach by humans. A significant number of drones are expected to fly in the urban sky shortly. The profitable nature of commercial UAVs/drone applications in urban space will imply a high density of drones;therefore, avoiding mid-air collisions will be critical for the safe operation of the UAVs. In Europe, U-space services are being created to guarantee the safe operations of UAVs in urban Very Low Level (VLL) airspace. To avoid collisions, U-space considers a separation minima (i.e., the minimum safe distance between UAVs) surrounding each UAV. Thus, violating the separation minima, which might be caused by abnormal conditions (e.g., bad weather conditions), failure conditions (e.g., GPS failure in UAVs), or unreliable behavior of the system (e.g., inaccurate GPS positioning data or erratic position estimation by flight controller), could potentially result in conflicts that require immediate mitigation measures to avoid mid-air collisions. Failure prediction is a promising method for preventing separation minima violations in U-space services. However, in order to have effective failure prediction, the lead time, which is the time between the activation of a fault and its manifestation in a system as a failure, must account for both the prediction step and the subsequent mitigation actions. This paper aims to evaluate the lead time in UAV systems in the presence of positioning-related issues (as being critical for the safe operation of UAVs) from a U-space perspective. We used fault injection to inject 18 different types of faults (or emulating failures) in 28 different UAV missions. The results show that the lead time for 17 types of faults injected is at least 14 seconds (in some cases, no failure occurred). Thus, U-space has at least 14 seconds to predict and m

关键词： Drones

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Self-organising Approach to Anomaly Mitigation in the Cloud-to-Edge Continuum 30th

Self-organising Approach to Anomaly Mitigation in the Clo...

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30th International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2024

作者： Faria, Bruno Abreu, David Perez Velasquez, Karima Curado, Marília Laboratory for Informatics and Systems Pedro Nunes Institute Coimbra Portugal CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031813740

The cloud-to-edge continuum paradigm has permeated various application domains, including critical urban-city safety systems. In these contexts, anomalies can compromise public safety, for example, by disrupting the communication between smart city infrastructure and vehicles, which aims to prevent accidents at pedestrian crossings. Given these environments’ heterogeneous and large-scale nature, manual recovery from anomalies is not feasible. Machine Learning techniques have emerged as an alternative, supporting a zero-touch approach that enables self-organising and self-healing solutions for anomaly prediction, detection, and mitigation. This paper proposes an Artificial Intelligence-driven, self-organising approach for anomaly management in the cloud-to-edge continuum, integrating both reactive and proactive mechanisms. We evaluate different Machine Learning models, including Random Forest Classifiers, Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks, to predict node performance anomalies. The simulation results obtained using the COSCO framework showcase the effectiveness of our method. It achieves an F1 score of 73% for multiclass classification, predicting different levels of anomaly severity, and 87% for binary classification, distinguishing between normal and abnormal states. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Anomaly management Cloud-to-edge continuum Machine learning Self-X Time-series classification Zero-touch

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Reducing the Price of Stable Cable Stayed Bridges with CMA-ES 26th

Reducing the Price of Stable Cable Stayed Bridges with CM...

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26th International Conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation, EvoApplications 2023, held as part of EvoStar 2023

作者： Fernandes, Gabriel Lourenço, Nuno Correia, João CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra3030 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031302282

The design of cable-stayed bridges requires the determination of several design variables’ values. Civil engineers usually perform this task by hand as an iteration of steps that stops when the engineer is happy with both the cost and maintaining the structural constraints of the solution. The problem’s difficulty arises from the fact that changing a variable may affect other variables, meaning that they are not independent, suggesting that we are facing a deceptive landscape. In this work, we compare two approaches to a baseline solution: a Genetic Algorithm and a CMA-ES algorithm. There are two objectives when designing the bridges: minimizing the cost and maintaining the structural constraints in acceptable values to be considered safe. These are conflicting objectives, meaning that decreasing the cost often results in a bridge that is not structurally safe. The results suggest that CMA-ES is a better option for finding good solutions in the search space, beating the baseline with the same amount of evaluations, while the Genetic Algorithm could not. In concrete, the CMA-ES approach is able to design bridges that are cheaper and structurally safe. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Introduction to the "Best of GECCO 2023" Special Issue

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ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization 2025年第1期5卷 1-2页

作者： Paquete, Luís Silva, Sara University of Coimbra CISUC - Centre for Informatics and Systems LASI The University of Coimbra Department of Informatics Engineering Coimbra60106440 Portugal LASIGE Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa60106051 Portugal

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What is the Role of GIS in Shaping Marketing Approaches? A Systematic Review

What is the Role of GIS in Shaping Marketing Approaches? A S...

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International Conference on Marketing and Technologies, ICMarkTech 2023

作者： Estima, Jacinto Estima, Ana University of Coimbra CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering Coimbra Portugal GOVCOPP ISCA—University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9789819736973

In today’s data-driven world, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as a powerful tool with significant implications for marketing strategies. This article presents a systematic literature review focused on the intersection of GIS and marketing, aiming to highlight the pivotal role of location-based methods and tools in shaping modern marketing approaches. Our investigation involved the retrieval of a curated selection of scholarly papers from the Scopus database, encompassing publications from the past decade within scientific journals, conference proceedings, and book chapters. Subsequently, we meticulously scrutinized 24 pertinent studies through a comprehensive analysis of their full texts. Through the examination of these selected papers, we identified prevailing themes and emerging trends across diverse applications of GIS within marketing contexts. These findings underscore the pivotal role that GIS can assume in optimizing marketing activities. Furthermore, this review engages in a thorough discussion, offering valuable guidance to both researchers and practitioners on how to harness the full potential of GIS, which can inform and inspire future research endeavor’s in this dynamic and ever-evolving field. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Information use

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πHYFLOW: A Modular Process Interaction Worldview

πHYFLOW: A Modular Process Interaction Worldview

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2023 Winter Simulation Conference, WSC 2023

作者： Barros, Fernando J. University of Coimbra Department of Informatics Engineering Cisuc Coimbra3030 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369663

Worldviews play a central role in M&S providing the basic constructs to describe simulation models. Three main worldviews have been defined: event scheduling, activity scanning, and process interaction (PI). The latter has been described in two flavors, one centered in the network of resources and other in the transitory transactions that flow in the network. In this paper we present a new M&S approach based on the πHyFlow formalism that combines network and transaction PI, while keeping the support for modular and hierarchical models. We demonstrate πHyFlow expressiveness by representing a hybrid production unit with a variable number of machines subjected to breakdowns. The hybrid model combines a fluid queue describing the work-in-progress, with discrete events modeling machines arrivals, departures, and breakdowns. Arrivals and departures of machines are achieved through modular communication, enabling model composition with other πHyFlow components. © 2023 IEEE.

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How can FLOSS Support COBIT 2019' coverage analysis and a conceptual framework

How can FLOSS Support COBIT 2019' coverage analysis and a co...

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2022 International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems, CENTERIS 2022 - International Conference on Project MANagement, ProjMAN 2022 and International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, HCist 2022

作者： Jaime, Laura Barata, João University of Coimbra CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering CoimbraP-3030 290 Portugal

This paper assesses the supportive role of free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) in Information Technology (IT) Governance. The result is a conceptual framework emerging from design science research conducted in cooperation with a private non-profit organization in the third sector. Our selection of 35 FLOSS solutions distributed across twenty-one categories can be adopted for nearly 95% of COBIT 2019 management activities. The results are encouraging to companies interested in improving their IT Governance based on FLOSS infrastructure. For theory, we present a pioneering analysis of the FLOSS market for IT Governance using the lenses of COBIT 2019. For practice, we offer artifacts for FLOSS selection and initial recommendations to increase FLOSS adoption for IT Governance. The growing expansion of FLOSS adoption requires new tools to guide IT Governance auditors and integrate FLOSS solutions within the entire governance lifecycle from early planning, execution, and performance evaluation to more mature stages of continuous improvement. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open source software

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On the Dynamics of Mating Preferences in Genetic Programming

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Memetic Computing 2025年第2期17卷 1-18页

作者： Simões, José Maria Lourenço, Nuno Machado, Penousal CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra City Portugal

Several mating restriction techniques have been implemented in Evolutionary Algorithms to promote diversity. From similarity-based selection to niche preservation, the general goal is to avoid premature convergence by not having fitness pressure as the single evolutionary force. In a way, such methods can resemble the mechanisms involved in Sexual Selection, although generally assuming a simplified approach. Recently, a selection method called mating Preferences as Ideal Mating Partners (PIMP) has been applied to GP, providing promising results both in performance and diversity maintenance. The method mimics Mate Choice through the unbounded evolution of personal preferences rather than having a single set of rules to shape parent selection. As such, PIMP allows ideal mate representations to evolve freely, thus potentially taking advantage of Sexual Selection as a dynamic secondary force to fitness pressure. However, it is still unclear how mating preferences affect the overall population and how dependent they are on set-up choices. In this work, we tracked the evolution of individual preferences through different mutation types, searching for patterns and evidence of self-reinforcement. Results suggest that mating preferences do not stand on their own, relying on subtree mutation to avoid convergence to single-node trees. Nevertheless, they consistently promote smaller and more balanced solutions depth-wise than a standard tournament selection, reducing the impact of bloat. Furthermore, when coupled with subtree mutation it also results in more solution diversity with statistically significant results.

关键词： Genetic Programming Diversity Mate Choice PIMP

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An Empirical Study of Code Pattern Reuse and Pattern Preference Consistency in Novice Programmers 1

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23rd International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2024 was held in conjunction with the 9th International Symposium on Emerging Technologies for Education, SETE 2024

作者： Lei, Philip I. S. Mendes, António José Lam, Chan-Tong CISUC Department of Informatics Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal Computing Program Macao Polytechnic University Macao SAR China

ISBN: (数字)9789819644070

ISBN: (纸本)9789819644063

After learning the basic features of a programming language, such as expressions and control statements, novice programmers need to combine these features to solve programming questions. Some of these combined code snippets are reusable constructs useful to solve future questions. They are referred to as plans, schemas, or patterns in the literature. An example of such a pattern is determining the equality of three values using the ‘equal and logical and operators. Previous research has investigated the acquisition of these patterns by observing and interviewing novice programmers as they solve programming problems. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that students tend to reuse acquired patterns to solve subsequent problems by analyzing a computer science education dataset called CodeWorkout, which contains students’ code submissions for introductory-level programming questions. We employed directed labeled tree to represent the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the submitted code and the patterns. To search for a pattern, we first applied the subgraph isomorphism algorithm VF2 with wildcard node labels to identify candidate matches, followed by enforcing the proper ordering of descendant nodes between the pattern and the candidate matches. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach effectively identifies common usage of patterns. Moreover, the findings indicate that if a student employs a pattern in one question, they are likely to reuse the same pattern in a subsequent question. This paper also reveals that when multiple alternative patterns exist for the same function, students tend to maintain their preference for a particular alternative while solving different questions. These insights can inform future curriculum design and instructional strategies in programming education. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Students

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