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42nd International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer science, STACS 2025

作者： Agrawal, Akanksha Lokshtanov, Daniel Panolan, Fahad Saurabh, Saket Verma, Shaily Indian Institute of Technology Madras India University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States School of Computer Science University of Leeds United Kingdom The Institute of Mathematical Sciences HBNI Chennai India Department of Informatics University of Bergen Norway Algorithm Engineering Group Hasso Plattner Institute Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773652

The classic greedy coloring algorithm considers the vertices of an input graph G in a given order and assigns the first available color to each vertex v in G. In the Grundy Coloring problem, the task is to find an ordering of the vertices that will force the greedy algorithm to use as many colors as possible. In the Partial Grundy Coloring, the task is also to color the graph using as many colors as possible. This time, however, we may select both the ordering in which the vertices are considered and which color to assign the vertex. The only constraint is that the color assigned to a vertex v is a color previously used for another vertex if such a color is available. Whether Grundy Coloring and Partial Grundy Coloring admit fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms, algorithms with running time f(k)nO(1), where k is the number of colors, was posed as an open problem by Zaker and by Effantin et al., respectively. Recently, Aboulker et al. (STACS 2020 and Algorithmica 2022) resolved the question for Grundy Coloring in the negative by showing that the problem is W[1]-hard. For Partial Grundy Coloring, they obtain an FPT algorithm on graphs that do not contain Ki,j as a subgraph (a.k.a. Ki,j-free graphs). Aboulker et al. re-iterate the question of whether there exists an FPT algorithm for Partial Grundy Coloring on general graphs and also asks whether Grundy Coloring admits an FPT algorithm on Ki,j-free graphs. We give FPT algorithms for Partial Grundy Coloring on general graphs and for Grundy Coloring on Ki,j-free graphs, resolving both the questions in the affirmative. We believe that our new structural theorems for partial Grundy coloring and "representative-family" like sets for Ki,j-free graphs that we use in obtaining our results may have wider algorithmic applications. © Akanksha Agrawal, Daniel Lokshtanov, Fahad Panolan, Saket Saurabh, and Shaily Verma.

关键词： Graph algorithms

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Design of a Smart Home Door Security System with Face Detection and Smart Bell using ESP32-CAM

Design of a Smart Home Door Security System with Face Detect...

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Mobile Computing and Sustainable informatics (ICMCSI), International Conference on

作者： Nurhusna Salsabila Apri Siswanto Luhur Bayuaji Informatics Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru Indonesia Fac. Data Science and Information Technology INTI International University Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9798331522667

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522674

This research introduces the design and implementation of an advanced IoT-based home security system aimed at improving both convenience and safety for homeowners. The system integrates a smart doorbell with a mobile application, enabling real-time alerts for guest arrivals. Key features include facial recognition for automated door unlocking and notification of unrecognized visitors. When an unknown face is detected, the system sends an image along with a notification to the homeowner via a Telegram bot. The architecture incorporates the ESP32-CAM microcontroller for face detection, a solenoid lock for automatic door access, and an ultrasonic sensor to detect visitor presence. Extensive testing under various environmental conditions was conducted to assess the system's performance, particularly in terms of face recognition accuracy and notification delivery. The results indicate that the system significantly enhances home security by ensuring timely notifications and automating door access for verified individuals. While the system performs reliably in well-lit environments, challenges remain in low-light conditions. Software testing confirmed the robustness of the underlying logic. This innovative IoT solution overcomes the limitations of traditional security systems, offering a more secure, user-friendly, and efficient alternative for modern home security.

关键词： Software testing Face recognition System performance Smart homes Chatbots Real-time systems Software reliability Security Face detection Solenoids

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Leveraging Generalizability of Image-to-Image Translation for Enhanced Adversarial Defense

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Haibo Yao, Zhihua Sakurai, Kouichi Saitoh, Takeshi Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Japan Faculty of Economics and Business Administration The University of Kitakyushu Japan Department of Informatics Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Japan

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, machine learning emerges as a key technology characterized by its vast potential and inherent risks. The stability and reliability of these models are important, as they are frequent targets of security threats. Adversarial attacks, first rigorously defined by Ian Goodfellow et al. in 2013, highlight a critical vulnerability: they can trick machine learning models into making incorrect predictions by applying nearly invisible perturbations to images. Although many studies have focused on constructing sophisticated defensive mechanisms to mitigate such attacks, they often overlook the substantial time and computational costs of training and maintaining these models. Ideally, a defense method should be able to generalize across various, even unseen, adversarial attacks with minimal overhead. Building on our previous work on image-to-image translation-based defenses, this study introduces an improved model that incorporates residual blocks to enhance generalizability. The proposed method requires training only a single model, effectively defends against diverse attack types, and is well-transferable between different target models. Experiments show that our model can restore the classification accuracy from near zero to an average of 72% while maintaining competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Significantly, our model operates more efficiently, reducing the time needed to process individual images and speeding up the training process to achieve faster convergence. Robustness tests further confirm stable performance under varying attack strengths, demonstrating the model’s practical value in real-world adversarial settings. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Hybrid Convtranslstm for Spatio-Temporal Classification: Identifying Early Parkinson's Disease from Gait Patterns

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Mahali, Muhammad Izzuddin Avian, Cries Putro, Nur Achmad Sulistyo Prakosa, Setya Widyawan Leu, Jenq-Shiou Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Electronics and Informatics Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia Department Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Electronics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor function and impacts millions worldwide. Early diagnosis and precise staging of PD are critical for effective management and timely intervention. Traditional gait analysis focuses on lower limb movement to differentiate between moderate and advanced PD stages;however, integrating upper and lower limb dynamics offers a more comprehensive approach to distinguishing early-stage PD from *** study introduces a novel spatio-temporal model that integrates CNN, Transformer, and BiLSTM layers to classify PD based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score. The architecture captures both spatial and temporal dependencies in gait patterns, with a CNN serving as the primary spatial feature extractor, utilizing a temporal-focused kernel, and augmented by a Transformer to enhance temporal feature learning. Additionally, a BiLSTM module is incorporated to effectively capture complex spatio-temporal gait dynamics across all modules. For data augmentation, sliding windows of 500, 800, and 1200 samples were employed, and the model's performance was rigorously assessed through 3-fold and 5-fold cross-subject *** included accuracy, F1-score, recall, precision, and a voting-based confidence score, while t-SNE visualization provided insights into spatio-temporal feature differentiation. The model demonstrated high performance, achieving optimal accuracy of 0.90 and an average confidence score of 0.97 with a 1200-sample window in 5-fold validation. These findings highlight the potential of a spatio-temporal approach incorporating upper and lower limb characteristics in gait analysis as a robust method for PD multi-class classification, supporting early and effective PD diagnosis from raw IMU signals. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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A Novel Scheme for Data Security in UAV Communication Networks for Preventing Data Breach

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Zhang, Gaoyuan Si, Ruisong Ma, Congfang Ji, Baofeng Wang, Weiguang Mu, Yu Li, Yiwei Mumtaz, Shahid the School of Information Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang471023 China the Science and Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent system Longmen Laboratory Luoyang471000 China the Institute of Physics Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou451451 China the School of mechanical and electrical engineering Guangdong University of Science and Technology Dongguan523083 China the Department of Applied Informatics Silesian University of Technology Akademicka 16 Gliwice44-100 Poland the Department of Engineering Nottingham Trent University United Kingdom

The data security is crucial for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to ensure the integrity of data, prevent fraud, and authentication process. In order to achieve unconditional security for data in UAVs communication networks, this research study proposes a simple feedback method for wiretap channel-I (WTC-I) to establish a communication with the receiving link. The threshold effect (decides the error correction capability of the system) in the proposed research uses soft-decision decoding for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for secured communication channels over additive white Gaussian noise (BI-AWGN) channel as well as Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC). There is no channel state information (CSI) required for the legitimate receiver to build the WTC-I which eventually minimizes the implementation complexity. The empirical results and theory analysis indicate that the suggested approach is robust and has the characteristics of simple implementation with low energy consumption. The results also show minimal loss of safe capacity, which is crucial for secured transmissions in battery-operated UAV communication networks. The proposed study helps to achieve secured transmission of data without affecting the performance of the system with optimal consumption of power and lower maintenance complexity. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved,

关键词： Gaussian noise (electronic)

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Beyond Vanilla Fine-Tuning: Leveraging Multistage, Multilingual, and Domain-Specific Methods for Low-Resource Machine Translation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Thillainathan, Sarubi Yuan, Songchen Lee, En-Shiun Annie Jayasena, Sanath Ranathunga, Surangika Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka Department of Language Science and Technology Saarland Informatics Campus Saarland University Germany Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Faculty of Science University of Ontario of Technology Canada School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Massey University New Zealand

Fine-tuning multilingual sequence-to-sequence large language models (msLLMs) has shown promise in developing neural machine translation (NMT) systems for low-resource languages (LRLs). However, conventional single-stage fine-tuning methods struggle in extremely low-resource NMT settings, where training data is very limited. This paper contributes to artificial intelligence by proposing two approaches for adapting msLLMs in these challenging scenarios: (1) continual pre-training (CPT), where the msLLM is further trained with domain-specific monolingual data to compensate for the under-representation of LRLs, and (2) intermediate task transfer learning (ITTL), a method that fine-tunes the msLLM with both in-domain and out-of-domain parallel data to enhance its translation capabilities across various domains and tasks. As an application in engineering, these methods are implemented in NMT systems for Sinhala, Tamil, and English (six language pairs) in domain-specific, extremely low-resource settings (datasets containing fewer than 100,000 samples). Our experiments reveal that these approaches enhance translation performance by an average of +1.47 bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) score compared to the standard single-stage fine-tuning baseline across all translation directions. Additionally, a multi-model ensemble further improves performance by an additional BLEU score. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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A Reconfigurable Compute-In-Memory Design with Adaptive Bit-Precision and Power Adjustment

A Reconfigurable Compute-In-Memory Design with Adaptive Bit-...

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Consumer technology (ICCT-Pacific), International Conference on

作者： I-Chieh Hsu Chun-Fu Chen Dao-Long Huang Yun-Kai Yeh Wei-Chieh Lee Qi-Hua Lin Jinjia Zhou I-Chyn Wey Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering Chang-Gung University Taiwan School of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Master Program in Nano-Electronic Engineering and Design Chang Gung University Taiwan Department of Applied Informatics Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331504120

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504137

With the successful development of artificial intelligence (AI), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) occupy a large amount of computing time and power consumption in the entire AI computing process. However, in traditional von Neumann architectures, the separation of the computing element and memory leads to the memory-wall problem of memory data transmission bandwidth from memory to processing element when executing multiply-accumulate-based CNN operations. The data transmission time and power consumption all are much higher than the CNN computing part. Therefore, this paper proposes a memory-in-computation design that can flexibly adjust energy usage, achieve high energy efficiency, and support multiple operation frequencies. By controlling the switches of each memory row, unnecessary energy consumption is avoided, leading to a reduction in total power consumption by 15% to 60%. Additionally, by adjusting the pulse width, the charging power consumption of capacitors is reduced by 65% per charge cycle.

关键词： Energy consumption Power demand Capacitors Bandwidth In-memory computing Control systems Energy efficiency Convolutional neural networks Data communication Artificial intelligence

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Sustainable energy management in the AI era: a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches

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Computing 2025年第6期107卷 1-64页

作者： Javed, Haseeb Eid, Fatma El-Sappagh, Shaker Abuhmed, Tamer Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea Technology Management Stony Brook University New York USA Applied Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon South Korea Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Galala University Suez Egypt Information Systems Department Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Banha Egypt

This study comprehensively analyzes the application of innovative deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques in smart energy management systems (EMSs), with an emphasis on load forecasting, demand response, and the development of smart energy sectors. The application of various ML and DL models were examined in over 200 studies from 2014 to 2024 in an electrical network's EMS to highlight the key benefits and advances made by each technology for the sustainable management systems in energy sector. The findings emphasize DL and ML models’ enhanced precision and predictive capabilities in load forecasting, their efficacy in enabling efficient demand response mechanisms, and their significance in supporting the development of smart energy sectors. Furthermore, recommendations are made based on the survey results to assist in incorporating these techniques into EMS frameworks, such as investment in data infrastructure, model training and validation, and collaboration between researchers, industry experts, and policymakers. The study also discusses the limitations identified in the literature, such as limited real-world implementations, challenges regarding quality and data availability, and the need for enhanced ML and DL model interpretability. Addressing these limitations can assist in increasing the application and efficacy of ML and DL techniques in EMSs, enabling a more efficient and sustainable energy landscape. Finally, this study facilitates researchers' exploration of ML and DL in energy management, highlighting relevant limitations, strengths, and alternative approaches associated with sustainable energy management. It also indicates potential future research directions for further investigation.

关键词： Power management (telecommunication)

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Design oligoporous-core based multimode fiber for mode division multiplexing applications

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第5期57卷 1-24页

作者： Mitu, Sumaiya Akhtar Abdulrazak, Lway Faisal Ibrahim, Sobhy M. Tahhan, Shaymaa R. Hossain, Md Bellal Ahmed, Kawsar Bui, Francis M. Chen, Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Group of Bio-photomatiχ Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Santosh Tangail Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Cihan University Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Engineering Al-Nahrain University Jadriya Baghdad Iraq School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Health Informatics Research Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Dhaka Bangladesh

A polarization-maintaining oligoporous-core-based multi-mode fiber is proposed. By tuning the air hole, as well as the core number, shape, size, and position up to 28 distinct linearly polarized (LP) modes are obtained. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to perform the numerical investigations. In addition, various materials combinations are used as a doping with silica which is highly helpful to increase or decrease the refractive index of the core material. The multimode fiber is identified by the normalized frequency or V parameter. Besides, the high birefringence value, low loss value, minimum crosstalk with high sensitivity response of $$1.46\times {10}^{-2}$$ , $$2\times {10}^{-11}$$ dB/m, 41.80 dB and 88,280.46 nm/RIU, respectively, are achieved from the numerical investigations over the wavelength range from 1.55 µm to1.65 µm for the different LP modes. Moreover, good responses also obtain for the numerical aperture, V number, coupling length and other parameters. In the end, every value reveals both an easy-to-fabricate structure design as well as adequate performance analysis. The suggested fiber structure can support many modes and might be applicable in the field of optical communications and spatial multiplexing based on the user demand.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation Design for Wirelessly Charged Unmanned Inspecting Vehicles in Power Transmission Systems

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

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IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2025年

作者： Huang, Yingjie Abdelhady, Amr M. Wang, Qianggang Ye, Jia Chi, Yuan Eltawil, Ahmed M. El-Sherif, Amr A. ElBatt, Tamer Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing400044 China King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Province Makkah23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Electronics and Communications Department Egypt University of Informatics Cairo Governorate Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering The American University Cairo Governorate Cairo Egypt

The rapid development of the smart grid has intensified research efforts towards automating power transmission system inspections using unmanned intelligent vehicles (UIVs). A major challenge hindering their large-scale deployment is the short operational endurance of these vehicles. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing the use of an energy transmitter (ET) and a reconfigurable intelligent surface for wirelessly charging the vehicles through radio frequency (RF) signals. Additionally, we tackle the nonlinearity of RF-to-direct current (DC) conversion, which shows efficiency saturation at high power levels, by introducing a novel power-splitting (PS) energy harvesting (EH) receiver architecture in the inspection vehicles. The inspection tasks are divided into multiple time slots, and a power transfer efficiency (PTE) maximization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the beamforming design at both the transmitter and the RIS, as well as the transmit power allocation and receiving power splitter settings for each time slot. This approach aims to meet the energy requirements of the unmanned inspection vehicles while adhering to the total available power constraint at the ET. To solve the non-convex PTE maximization problem, we propose an efficient solution utilizing alternating optimization, the Dinkelbach’s method, and successive convex approximation, considering the unique properties of channel structure and finite phase resolution. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed system and design significantly extend the lifespan of inspection vehicles and achieve high energy efficiency in a low-complexity manner. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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