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Electricity demand forecasting at distribution and household levels using explainable causal graph neural network

Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 385-395页

作者： Amir Miraki Pekka Parviainen Reza Arghandeh Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway Department of Informatics University of BergenBergenNorway

Forecasting electricity demand is an essential part of the smart grid to ensure a stable and reliable power grid. With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources into the grid, forecasting the demand for electricity is critical at all levels, from the distribution to the household. Most existing forecasting methods, however, can be considered black-box models as a result of deep digitalization enablers, such as deep neural networks, which remain difficult to interpret by humans. Moreover, capture of the inter-dependencies among variables presents a significant challenge for multivariate time series forecasting. In this paper we propose eXplainable Causal Graph Neural Network (X-CGNN) for multivariate electricity demand forecasting that overcomes these limitations. As part of this method, we have intrinsic and global explanations based on causal inferences as well as local explanations based on post-hoc analyses. We have performed extensive validation on two real-world electricity demand datasets from both the household and distribution levels to demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Causal inference Electricity demand forecasting Explainable artificial intelligence(XAI) Graph neural network

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Lightweight Privacy Architecture for Homomorphic Operations in e-Health Systems

Lightweight Privacy Architecture for Homomorphic Operations ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence Systems, IoTaIS 2024

作者： Tsantikidou, K. Sklavos, N. SCYTALE Group Computer Engineering and Informatics Department University of Patras Hellas Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521219

In recent years, traditional hospital facilities are adopting new technologies that provide novel services. Nevertheless, these services may be performed by third parties, that pose a threat to data privacy. As health data is sensitive, it must be constantly encrypted from the moment it is collected. Thus, an appropriate privacy scheme that is suitable for the resource constrained e-Health environment is required. In this paper, a lightweight privacy architecture, applied for homomorphic operations in IoT systems for e-Health is proposed. The focus is its easy implementation in devices with resource limitations, while also enhancing privacy. Two security versions of the same architecture are presented, with different parameters. Each proposed version achieves a minimum of 70.27% and 49.2% resource reduction compared to published related works. The proposed compact version achieves a minimum of 19.7% area-delay reduction compared to published designs. The main reasons for these results are the employment of synthesizable operations, the fusion of functions and the pipeline architecture of operations. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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(POSTER) A Holistic IoT-Enabled Approach for Indoor Air Quality Control 19

(POSTER) A Holistic IoT-Enabled Approach for Indoor Air Qual...

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19th Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things, DCOSS-IoT 2023

作者： Kalioras, Fotios Filios, Gabriel Karatzas, Stylianos Nikoletseas, Sotiris University of Patras Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Greece University of Patras Computer Technology Institute and Press Diophantus Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Greece University of Patras Department of Civil Engineering Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350346497

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important yet often overlooked aspect of public health, with poor IAQ contributing to a significant number of diverse health problems worldwide. Existing air quality standards have failed to fully address the problem, however emerging technologies in the field of IoT have demonstrated promise in effectively addressing this issue. This concept paper advocates a hybrid hierarchy system for IAQ monitoring that incorporates both offline and online connectivity. The system utilizes sensing elements that can perform a wide range of functions, including autocalibration, pollution event detection, and more, autonomously from the network. By combining a gateway device, the system's capabilities are enhanced, providing increased data granularity, additional calibration and sensing options as well as connection with Building Management Systems (BMS). Furthermore, by connecting the gateway to the cloud, the system can perform more advanced data analysis and machine learning, providing users with insights into not only air quality but also general environmental quality. Key features of the envisioned system include the integration of subjective perception of pollution via crowdsourcing, a TinyML technology at the edge, digital twins, and an optimised redundancy of sensors that can alleviate poor accuracy and drift as well as capture the spatial dispersion of pollution. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Optimized Price Prediction of Cryptocurrencies using Deep Learning on High-Volume Time Series Data 15

Optimized Price Prediction of Cryptocurrencies using Deep Le...

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15th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications, IISA 2024

作者： Vonitsanos, Gerasimos Kanavos, Andreas Grivokostopoulou, Foteini Sioutas, Spyros University of Patras Computer Engineering and Informatics Department Patras Greece Ionian University Department of Informatics Corfu Greece Computer Technology Institute and Press 'Diophantus' Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368833

Statistical models, enhanced by deep learning techniques, have become pivotal in various predictive tasks, including financial forecasting. This paper addresses the challenge of predicting cryptocurrency prices, utilizing a dataset comprising various cryptocurrencies treated as time series. We employ several deep neural network architectures-including Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM networks-to forecast future prices. Our methodology involves a detailed analysis of cryptocurrency time series to inform the design of these networks. The performance of each model is rigorously compared, highlighting their predictive capabilities in the context of cryptocurrency markets. This study not only contributes to the empirical literature by applying advanced neural networks to high-volume financial data but also provides a comparative analysis that may guide future applications of deep learning in economic forecasting. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Costs

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UNRAVELING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE K-NN ALGORITHM FOR IMBALANCED DATA IN RESEARCH TOPIC RECOMMENDATIONS

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Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 2024年第1期59卷 271-282页

作者： Muludi, Kurnia Aisyah, Nonik Nama, Gigih Forda Lumbanraja, Favorisen R. Informatics & Business Institute Darmajaya Bandar Lampung35142 Indonesia Computer Science Department Faculty of Science The University of Lampung Bandar Lampung Indonesia Informatics Engineering Department Faculty of Science The University of Lampung Bandar Lampung Indonesia

This study addresses the challenge of selecting research topics for undergraduate students, focusing on computer science, by evaluating a recommendation model based on the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN). The objective is to enhance the accuracy of research topic recommendations in the presence of imbalanced data. The methodology involves data cleaning, transformation, and correlation-based feature selection, with a particular focus on addressing missing values and optimizing the feature set. The Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) is employed to balance the dataset. The model development includes a comprehensive analysis of various k values, leading to the identification of k=3 with Manhattan distance as the optimal configuration, achieving an accuracy of 82%. The experiment explores different training data proportions, revealing that a 90:10 ratio yields the highest accuracy. This study incorporates a Grid Search technique for hyperparameter tuning, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate distance metrics and nearest neighbor values. The system implementation is presented with user and administrator interfaces. Findings indicate varying model performance across research categories, emphasizing the need for category-specific evaluation metrics. The study concludes with a discussion on the significance of the results, which contribute to the improvement of research topic recommendation systems for students through the integration of advanced machine learning techniques. © 2024 by the authors.

关键词： Recommender systems

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Bias analysis of AI models for undergraduate student admissions

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第12期37卷 7785-7795页

作者： Van Busum, Kelly Fang, Shiaofen Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Butler University IndianapolisIN United States Computing and Engineering Indiana University Luddy School of Informatics Indiana University Indianapolis IndianapolisIN United States

Bias detection and mitigation is an active area of research in machine learning. This work extends previous research done by the authors Van Busum and Fang (Proceedings of the 38th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, 2023) to provide a rigorous and more complete analysis of the bias found in AI predictive models. Admissions data spanning six years was used to create an AI model to determine whether a given student would be directly admitted into the School of Science under various scenarios at a large urban research university. During this time, submission of standardized test scores as part of a student’s application became optional which led to interesting questions about the impact of standardized test scores on admission decisions. We developed and analyzed AI models to understand which variables are important in admissions decisions, and how the decision to exclude test scores affects the demographics of the students who are admitted. We then evaluated the predictive models to detect and analyze biases these models may carry with respect to three variables chosen to represent sensitive populations: gender, race, and whether a student was the first in his/her family to attend college. We also extended our analysis to show that the biases detected were persistent. Finally, we included several fairness metrics in our analysis and discussed the uses and limitations of these metrics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Students

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Deep Learning Approach for Hand Gesture Recognition:Applications in Deaf Communication and Healthcare

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 127-144页

作者： Khursheed Aurangzeb Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein Imad Rida Syed Irtaza Haider Anubha Parashar Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Laboratory Biomechanics and Bioengineering University of Technology of CompiegneCompiegne60200France Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India

Hand gestures have been used as a significant mode of communication since the advent of human *** facilitating human-computer interaction(HCI),hand gesture recognition(HGRoc)technology is crucial for seamless and error-free *** technology is pivotal in healthcare and communication for the deaf *** significant advancements in computer vision-based gesture recognition for language understanding,two considerable challenges persist in this field:(a)limited and common gestures are considered,(b)processing multiple channels of information across a network takes huge computational time during discriminative feature ***,a novel hand vision-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model named(HVCNNM)offers several benefits,notably enhanced accuracy,robustness to variations,real-time performance,reduced channels,and ***,these models can be optimized for real-time performance,learn from large amounts of data,and are scalable to handle complex recognition tasks for efficient human-computer *** proposed model was evaluated on two challenging datasets,namely the Massey University Dataset(MUD)and the American Sign Language(ASL)Alphabet Dataset(ASLAD).On the MUD and ASLAD datasets,HVCNNM achieved a score of 99.23% and 99.00%,*** results demonstrate the effectiveness of CNN as a promising HGRoc *** findings suggest that the proposed model have potential roles in applications such as sign language recognition,human-computer interaction,and robotics.

关键词： computer vision deep learning gait recognition sign language recognition machine learning

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High-Performance Flow Classification of Big Data Using Hybrid CPU-GPU Clusters of Cloud Environments

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1118-1137页

作者： Azam Fazel-Najafabadi Mahdi Abbasi Hani H.Attar Ayman Amer Amir Taherkordi Azad Shokrollahi Mohammad R.Khosravi Ahmed A.Solyman Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringBu-Ali Sina UniversityHamedan ***Iran Department of Energy Engineering Zarqa UniversityZarqa 13132Jordan Department of Informatics University of OsloOslo 0316Norway Department of Computer Science MalmöUniversityMalmö20506Sweden Shandong Provincial University Laboratory for Protected Horticulture Weifang University of Science and TechnologyWeifang 261100China Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering NişantaşıUniversityIstanbul 34481742Türkiye

The network switches in the data plane of Software Defined Networking (SDN) are empowered by an elementary process, in which enormous number of packets which resemble big volumes of data are classified into specific flows by matching them against a set of dynamic rules. This basic process accelerates the processing of data, so that instead of processing singular packets repeatedly, corresponding actions are performed on corresponding flows of packets. In this paper, first, we address limitations on a typical packet classification algorithm like Tuple Space Search (TSS). Then, we present a set of different scenarios to parallelize it on different parallel processing platforms, including Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), clusters of Central Processing Units (CPUs), and hybrid clusters. Experimental results show that the hybrid cluster provides the best platform for parallelizing packet classification algorithms, which promises the average throughput rate of 4.2 Million packets per second (Mpps). That is, the hybrid cluster produced by the integration of Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), Message Passing Interface (MPI), and OpenMP programming model could classify 0.24 million packets per second more than the GPU cluster scheme. Such a packet classifier satisfies the required processing speed in the programmable network systems that would be used to communicate big medical data.

关键词： OpenMP Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA) Message Passing Interface(MPI) packet classification medical data tuple space algorithm Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)cluster

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Quantum-Based Prediction Model for Carbon Neutrality 11

Quantum-Based Prediction Model for Carbon Neutrality

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11th International Conference on Advanced informatics: Concept, Theory and Application, ICAICTA 2024

作者： Munawar, Ghifari Surendro, Kridanto School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Bandung Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520311

Carbon neutrality is a global target pursued by cities worldwide to achieve a balance between carbon emissions and removals, reaching a net-zero carbon state. Mitigation measures are being implemented to reduce emissions and enhance carbon sequestration, aiming to meet the targets set for 2050 or 2060. However, challenges posed by urban sprawl and increasing urbanization raise concerns about the feasibility of achieving carbon neutrality. Various studies have been conducted to project the attainment of this goal by developing prediction models. Machine learning (ML) prediction models use socio-economic, energy, and technological data to forecast carbon neutrality. These models consider factors like GDP per capita, urbanization rate, total energy consumption, and forest stock volume, formulating scenarios based on policy documents and historical data. Some models have incorporated optimization methods like the sparrow search algorithm, genetic neural network, and aquila optimizer to improve prediction accuracy. However, classical optimization methods have limitations, such as susceptibility to getting trapped in local optima, which can affect model performance. Quantum-based optimization methods, particularly quantum annealing (QA), are emerging as potential solutions to address these challenges by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to optimize complex problem spaces. QA enhances ML processes like feature selection, hyperparameter optimization, and regression model optimization. This study provides a review of pipeline processes from state-of-the-art methods, as well as their potential quantum-based enhancements, to achieve more precise predictive models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon sequestration

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Modeling Parking Occupancy Using Algorithm of 3D Visibility Network

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84424-84434页

作者： Babič, Matej Šter, Branko Hluchý, Ladislav Baiamonte, Giuliana Calì, Michele Faculty of Information Studies Novo Mesto8000 Slovenia University of Ljubljana Faculty of Computer and Informatics Ljubljana1000 Slovenia Institute of Informatics Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava845 07 Slovakia University of Catania Electric Electronics and Computer Engineering Department Catania95125 Italy

The modernization of the information communication infrastructure of the regional data transmission network has advanced in order to increase the maximum transmission speed of existing transport routes, ensuring the quality of the service and its reliability. In the present research work, a new approach for the 3D visibility network algorithm has been developed, showing how graph theory applied to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) enables technological development for new solutions in areas such as public infrastructure. The possibility of determining in such networks whether an area of interest is sufficiently covered by a given set of sensors by means of the Voronoi diagram is discussed. The parking dynamics and parking system were modeled with cellular neural networks (CNNs) based on weather conditions, and magnetic parking sensors were replaced with pillar sensors. The proposed method has proven its effectiveness in determining the position of the minimum sensors covering the area of interest, in order to find a solution in the occupation of parking spaces in the presence of different weather conditions. The proposed approach and experimental results offer potential applications in various fields such as lighting and rendering, motion planning, pattern recognition, computer graphics and computational geometry, in order to conduct studies on problems and perspectives of pillar sensor technology while reducing costs compared to magnetic ones. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics)

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