Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks, leading to their increasing deployment in wireless networks for a wide variety of user services. However, the growing longer pro...
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High-capacity batteries connected in series and/or parallel in the battery energy storage system (BESS) and electric vehicle (EV) require cell balancing circuits to ensure their lifetime and safety. Conventionally, a ...
High-capacity batteries connected in series and/or parallel in the battery energy storage system (BESS) and electric vehicle (EV) require cell balancing circuits to ensure their lifetime and safety. Conventionally, a sequence of circuit simulations or tedious hardware tests are the only ways to evaluate the performance of the balancing algorithm. However, since the battery capacity is large, it takes much time to examine the entire balancing process under various combinations of initial voltage conditions. Moreover, it is difficult to estimate the balancing time due to the non-linear relationship between the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the state of charge (SOC). To mitigate the problem, this paper proposes a variable capacitor model to simplify the SOC-OCV curve for rapid evaluation of the balancing time. Compared to the conventional variable voltage-source model, it can provide a rapid estimation of the balancing time with high accuracy by simple calculation of the R-C time constant based on the concept of charge-equivalent capacitance. The proposed method is useful for active balancing circuits as well as passive balancing schemes. After validating the model accuracy by experimental results, a switched-capacitor active balancing circuit and passive cell balancing chip are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Neonatal sepsis is a type of bloodstream infection that occurs within 28 days of birth, mostly in low birth weight or premature newborns. According to a 2020 report by the World Health organization, an estimated numbe...
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In this work, we present numerical results concerning an integrated photonic non-linear activation function that relies on a power independent, non-linear phase to amplitude conversion in a passive optical resonator. ...
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Exceptional point (EP) is a special degeneracy of non-Hermitian systems. One-dimensional transmission systems operating at EPs are widely studied and applied to chiral conversion and sensing. Lately, two-dimensional s...
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Exceptional point (EP) is a special degeneracy of non-Hermitian systems. One-dimensional transmission systems operating at EPs are widely studied and applied to chiral conversion and sensing. Lately, two-dimensional systems at EPs have been exploited for their exotic scattering features, yet so far been limited to only the non-visible waveband. Here, we report a universal paradigm for achieving a high-efficiency EP in the visible by leveraging interlayer loss to accurately control the interplay between the lossy structure and scattering lightwaves. A bilayer framework is demonstrated to reflect back the incident light from the left side ( | r_(−1) | >0.999) and absorb the incident light from the right side ( | r_(+1) | < 10^(–4)). As a proof of concept, a bilayer metasurface is demonstrated to reflect and absorb the incident light with experimental efficiencies of 88% and 85%, respectively, at 532 nm. Our results open the way for a new class of nanoscale devices and power up new opportunities for EP physics.
Real-time simulation has become a well-established and accepted method of predicting equipment behaviour across many industries, for various conditions. One such application is when performing grid-integrated Renewabl...
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Real-time simulation has become a well-established and accepted method of predicting equipment behaviour across many industries, for various conditions. One such application is when performing grid-integrated Renewable Power Plant (RPP) behavioural studies, as increasing amounts of renewable generation are integrated into existing electrical grids. Set to greatly benefit from tailored renewable energy (RE) integration studies, is South Africa, on account of their aggressive RE integration goals, and ailing electrical grid. In this paper, a South African tailored grid code guiding RPP control approach is presented, allowing RPPs to be operated in line with local grid code voltage and frequency requirements during simulation. To evaluate the design, MATLAB-integrated OPAL-RT real-time simulations are performed, implementing OPAL-RT’s OP4510 real-time simulator. Results show the RPP grid code guided control method to be effective in operating RPPs in line with grid code voltage and frequency requirements, allowing an RPP’s grid-integrated behaviour concerning grid code specifications to be simulated and studied.
In this study, we introduce a vehicle tracking system for drone imagery, utilizing the real-time object detection network YOLOv5 to get vehicle location and cropped images. The system analyzes the segmented regions...
In this study, we introduce a vehicle tracking system for drone imagery, utilizing the real-time object detection network YOLOv5 to get vehicle location and cropped images. The system analyzes the segmented regions' histograms, compares them with previous frames, and identifies identical objects for tracking. The algorithm is designed to compare objects within a specific radius using coordinate information, enhancing histogram comparison efficiency. The MOTA (Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy) showed 90%, but the limited environment of data usage and experiments must be considered. The findings suggest that the real-time performance of the vehicle tracking system can be applied in various fields such as traffic control, vehicle management, and accident response.
The charging efficiency of lithium-ion batteries becomes significantly low in the cold environment since its impedance increases while its capacity reduces. To enhance the charging efficiency, the lithium-ion battery ...
The charging efficiency of lithium-ion batteries becomes significantly low in the cold environment since its impedance increases while its capacity reduces. To enhance the charging efficiency, the lithium-ion battery (LiB) pack must be pre-heated before every fast-charging process. The conventional methods utilize the external heater or the existing equalizer to heat the LiB pack based on the energy dissipation scheme, but the processing time is longer. This paper proposes a rapid internal pre-heating method to heat the LiB pack by using the pulsed-current (PC) driving scheme, which can be embedded into the existing charger. A thermal model of the heating process under the pulsed-current driving is introduced in order to re-enact the process. The performance of the proposed method is verified by various test scenarios on the Matlab/Simulink platform. The proposed method can increase the battery temperature from -20 °C to 0 °C after 30s and to 25 °C after 376s, respectively. The proposed method can be implemented directly by the existing system without any additional circuit.
Motivation DNA-based data storage is one of the most attractive research areas for future archival storage. However, it faces the problems of high writing and reading costs for practical use. There have been many effo...
Motivation DNA-based data storage is one of the most attractive research areas for future archival storage. However, it faces the problems of high writing and reading costs for practical use. There have been many efforts to resolve this problem, but existing schemes are not fully suitable for DNA-based data storage, and more cost reduction is *** We propose whole encoding and decoding procedures for DNA storage. The encoding procedure consists of a carefully designed single low-density parity-check code as an inter-oligo code, which corrects errors and dropouts efficiently. We apply new clustering and alignment methods that operate on variable-length reads to aid the decoding performance. We use edit distance and quality scores during the sequence analysis-aided decoding procedure, which can discard abnormal reads and utilize high-quality soft information. We store 548.83 KB of an image file in DNA oligos and achieve a writing cost reduction of 7.46% and a significant reading cost reduction of 26.57% and 19.41% compared with the two previous *** and implementation Data and codes for all the algorithms proposed in this study are available at: https://***/sjpark0905/DNA-LDPC-codes.
The traditional linear economy using a take-make-dispose model is resource intensive and has adverse environmental impacts. Circular economy (CE) which is regenerative and restorative by design is recommended as the b...
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