Given an undirected connected graph G = (V (G), E(G)) on n vertices, the minimum Monitoring Edge-Geodetic Set (MEG-set) problem asks to find a subset M ⊆ V (G) of minimum cardinality such that, for every edge e ∈ E(G...
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Many phenomena in nature and technology are associated with the filtration of suspensions and colloids in porous media. Two main types of particle deposition,namely, cake filtration at the inlet and deep bed filtratio...
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Many phenomena in nature and technology are associated with the filtration of suspensions and colloids in porous media. Two main types of particle deposition,namely, cake filtration at the inlet and deep bed filtration throughout the entire porous medium, are studied by different models. A unified approach for the transport and deposition of particles based on the deep bed filtration model is proposed. A variable suspension flow rate, proportional to the number of free pores at the inlet of the porous medium, is considered. To model cake filtration, this flow rate is introduced into the mass balance equation of deep bed filtration. For the cake filtration without deposit erosion,the suspension flow rate decreases to zero, and the suspension does not penetrate deep into the porous medium. In the case of the cake filtration with erosion, the suspension flow rate is nonzero, and the deposit is distributed throughout the entire porous medium. An exact solution is obtained for a constant filtration function. The method of characteristics is used to construct the asymptotics of the concentration front of suspended and retained particles for a filtration function in a general form. Explicit formulae are obtained for a linear filtration function. The properties of these solutions are studied in detail.
Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing huma...
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Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated ***-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this ***,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising *** our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this *** approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA *** the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition *** rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our *** results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.
The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates diverse devices into the Internet infrastructure, including sensors, meters, and wearable devices. Designing efficient IoT networks with these heterogeneous devices requires the...
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The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates diverse devices into the Internet infrastructure, including sensors, meters, and wearable devices. Designing efficient IoT networks with these heterogeneous devices requires the selection of appropriate routing protocols, which is crucial for maintaining high Quality of Service (QoS). The Internet engineering Task Force’s Routing Over Low Power and Lossy Networks (IETF ROLL) working group developed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) to meet these needs. While the initial RPL standard focused on single-metric route selection, ongoing research explores enhancing RPL by incorporating multiple routing metrics and developing new Objective Functions (OFs). This paper introduces a novel Objective Function (OF), the Reliable and Secure Objective Function (RSOF), designed to enhance the reliability and trustworthiness of parent selection at both the node and link levels within IoT and RPL routing protocols. The RSOF employs an adaptive parent node selection mechanism that incorporates multiple metrics, including Residual Energy (RE), Expected Transmission Count (ETX), Extended RPL Node Trustworthiness (ERNT), and a novel metric that measures node failure rate (NFR). In this mechanism, nodes with a high NFR are excluded from the parent selection process to improve network reliability and stability. The proposed RSOF was evaluated using random and grid topologies in the Cooja Simulator, with tests conducted across small, medium, and large-scale networks to examine the impact of varying node densities. The simulation results indicate a significant improvement in network performance, particularly in terms of average latency, packet acknowledgment ratio (PAR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), and Control Message Overhead (CMO), compared to the standard Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF).
Deep learning technology has extensive application in the classification and recognition of medical images. However, several challenges persist in such application, such as the need for acquiring large-scale labeled d...
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Digital image has been used in various fields as an essential carrier. Many color images have been constantly produced since their more realistic description, which takes up much storage space and network bandwidth. T...
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The tile-based multiplayer game Mahjong is widely played in Asia and has also become increasingly popular worldwide. Face-to-face or online, each player begins with a hand of 13 tiles and players draw and discard tile...
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The tile-based multiplayer game Mahjong is widely played in Asia and has also become increasingly popular worldwide. Face-to-face or online, each player begins with a hand of 13 tiles and players draw and discard tiles in turn until they complete a winning hand. An important notion in Mahjong is the deficiency number(*** number in Japanese Mahjong) of a hand, which estimates how many tile changes are necessary to complete the hand into a winning hand. The deficiency number plays an essential role in major decision-making tasks such as selecting a tile to discard. This paper proposes a fast algorithm for computing the deficiency number of a Mahjong hand. Compared with the baseline algorithm, the new algorithm is usually 100 times faster and, more importantly,respects the agent's knowledge about available tiles. The algorithm can be used as a basic procedure in all Mahjong variants by both rule-based and machine learning-based Mahjong AI.
Most of the search-based software remodularization(SBSR)approaches designed to address the software remodularization problem(SRP)areutilizing only structural information-based coupling and cohesion quality ***,in prac...
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Most of the search-based software remodularization(SBSR)approaches designed to address the software remodularization problem(SRP)areutilizing only structural information-based coupling and cohesion quality ***,in practice apart from these quality criteria,there require other aspects of coupling and cohesion quality criteria such as lexical and changed-history in designing the modules of the software ***,consideration of limited aspects of software information in the SBSR may generate a sub-optimal modularization ***,such modularization can be good from the quality metrics perspective but may not be acceptable to the *** produce a remodularization solution acceptable from both quality metrics and developers’perspectives,this paper exploited more dimensions of software information to define the quality criteria as modularization ***,these objectives are simultaneously optimized using a tailored manyobjective artificial bee colony(MaABC)to produce a remodularization *** assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach,we applied it over five software *** obtained remodularization solutions are evaluated with the software quality metrics and developers view of *** demonstrate that the proposed software remodularization is an effective approach for generating good quality modularization solutions.
Robotic arms are widely used in the automation industry to package and deliver classified objects. When the products are small objects with very similar shapes, such as screwdriver bits with slightly different threads...
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We developed an information system using an object-oriented programming language and a distributed database (DDB) consisting of multiple interconnected databases across a computer network, managed by a distributed dat...
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