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Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models

Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第8期48卷 1-16页

作者： Prasad, Shreya Gupta, Himank Ghosh, Arup Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Graceland University LamoniIA United States

This study focuses on enhancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) in generative AI chatbots through the utilization of advanced pre-trained models. We assessed five distinct Large Language Models (LLMs): TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B, and LLAMA-2-13B to identify the most effective one. Our findings revealed that the LLAMA Model excels in comprehending user queries and delivering precise responses during conversations. The article elucidates the methodology employed to evaluate and select various models for our chatbot. Through rigorous testing, we determined that the LLAMA-2-13B model exhibits enhanced response time and accuracy. Additionally, we employed tools such as Facebook Artificial Intelligence Similarity Search (FAISS) and experimented with user interfaces like Streamlit and Chainlit to enhance the chatbot's user-friendliness. The research underscores the significance of selecting the appropriate model for crafting efficient chatbots. Ultimately, the LLAMA-13B model emerged as the standout performer, showcasing superior performance. Benchmark assessments, including HellaSwag and WinoGrande, which gauge common sense reasoning, were employed to evaluate our chatbot's capabilities. The study concludes that LLAMA-based models hold significant promise for the development of innovative and user-friendly chatbots in the future. Povzetek: Študija se osredotoča na izboljšanje obdelave naravnega jezika (NLP) v generativnih AI klepetalnicah z uporabo naprednih vnaprej usposobljenih modelov. Analizirali so pet modelov: TRANSFORMER MODEL, FALCON 7B, LAMINI-FLAN-T5-783M, LLAMA-2-7B in LLAMA-2-13B. Model LLAMA-13B se je izkazal kot najboljši z vrhunskimi rezultati na testih HellaSwag in WinoGrande. Raziskava uporablja orodja, kot je FAISS, in uporabniške vmesnike, kot sta Streamlit in Chainlit za izboljšanje uporabniške izkušnje. © 2024 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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E-voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 102-109页

作者： Beulah Jayakumari S Lilly Sheeba Maya Eapen Jani Anbarasi Vinayakumar Ravi A.Suganya Malathy Jawahar Department of Information Technology Tagore Engineering College Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram ChennaiIndia Department of Information Technology Jerusalem College of Engineering ChennaiIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute ChennaiIndia

With the invention of Internet-enabled devices,cloud and blockchain-based technologies,an online voting system can smoothly carry out election *** pandemic situations,citizens tend to develop panic about mass gatherings,which may influence the decrease in the number of *** urges a reliable,flexible,transparent,secure,and cost-effective voting *** proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system,and it is carried out in three phases:the registration phase,vote casting phase and vote counting phase.A timestamp-based authentication protocol with digital signature validates voters and candidates during the registration and vote casting *** smart contracts,third-party interventions are eliminated,and the transactions are secured in the blockchain ***,to provide accurate voting results,the practical Byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that the vote has not been modified or ***,the overall performance of the proposed system is significantly better than that of the existing *** performance was analyzed based on authentication delay,vote alteration,response time,and latency.

关键词： E-voting Cloud Blockchain Smart contract Consensus mechanism

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Application of adaptive guard channel reservation under hard handoff constraint in wireless cellular network

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International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2025年第2期28卷 170-185页

作者： Sahu, Promod Kumar Pati, Hemanta Kumar Pradha, Sateesh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Application Utkal University Vani Vihar Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Institute of Information Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha Bhubaneswar India

Voice is the king of communication in wireless cellular network (WCN). Again, WCNs provide two types of calls, i.e., new call (NC) and handoff call (HC). Generally, HCs have higher priority than NCs because call dropping gives negative impact to users as compared to call blocking. So, to handle this problem some channels are reserved for HCs. If more channels are reserved for HCs, then handoff call dropping probability (HCDP) decreases at the same time as new call blocking probability (NCBP) increases;if fewer channels are reserved for HCs, HCDP increases and NCBP decreases. If channels are reserved for HCs by considering target HCDP then HCDP will be below the target and NCBP will be minimum for that target. So, keeping this in mind in this paper, we propose a mathematical model that estimates optimal number of guard channels (GCs) for HCs by considering target HCDP and keeping NCBP minimum. The mathematical model proposed assume static traffic parameters. However, in reality, the user traffic is dynamic and usually inherited through its testbed implementation. To obtain optimal performance we propose an adaptive GC reservation scheme by considering hard handoff constraint while implementing this model through testbed. Finally, we have verified testbed results with those of the model-based approach applying the parameters of different Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) standards to evaluate its applicability to real systems. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Testbeds

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An Intelligent Privacy Protection Scheme for Efficient Edge Computation Offloading in IoV

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第4期33卷 910-919页

作者： Liang YAO Xiaolong XU Wanchun DOU Muhammad Bilal School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Department of Computer and Electronics Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

As a pivotal enabler of intelligent transportation system(ITS), Internet of vehicles(Io V) has aroused extensive attention from academia and industry. The exponential growth of computation-intensive, latency-sensitive,and privacy-aware vehicular applications in Io V result in the transformation from cloud computing to edge computing,which enables tasks to be offloaded to edge nodes(ENs) closer to vehicles for efficient execution. In ITS environment,however, due to dynamic and stochastic computation offloading requests, it is challenging to efficiently orchestrate offloading decisions for application requirements. How to accomplish complex computation offloading of vehicles while ensuring data privacy remains challenging. In this paper, we propose an intelligent computation offloading with privacy protection scheme, named COPP. In particular, an Advanced Encryption Standard-based encryption method is utilized to implement privacy protection. Furthermore, an online offloading scheme is proposed to find optimal offloading policies. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that COPP significantly outperforms benchmark schemes in the performance of both delay and energy consumption.

关键词： Industries Privacy Energy consumption Transportation Computational efficiency Encryption Protection

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Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph with Heptapartitioend Structure

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 80卷 728-748页

作者： Fathi, Hanaa Myvizhi, M. Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Eassa, Mohamed Sawah, Mohamed S. Elbehiery, Hussam College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman Jordan KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National University P.O.43 Ajloun26810 Jordan

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioend Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Graph Neutrosophic Sets SVHN-Graph

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Multimodal emotion recognition model via hybrid model with improved feature level fusion on facial and EEG feature set

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 1-36页

作者： Singh, Pratima Tripathi, Mukesh Kumar Patil, Mithun B. Shivendra Neelakantappa, Madugundu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Galgotias University Gautam Buddh Nagar Uttar Pradesh India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering Telangana Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering N K Orchid College of Engineering & Technology Maharastra Solapur India Department of Computer Application D. K. College Dumraon Bihar Buxar India Department of Information Technology Vasavi College of Engineering Telangana Hyderabad India

In recent years, academics have placed a high value on multi-modal emotion identification, as well as extensive research has been conducted in the areas of video, text, voice, and physical signal emotion detection. This paper proposes a novel multimodal emotion recognition model that employs a hybrid model with AMIG-based feature fusion on facial and EEG feature sets. The EEG signal and facial image are subjected to preprocessing to remove unwanted background noises with the Butterworth filter and Viola Jones Algorithm, respectively. While considering the pre-processed EEG signal, features such as EWFS-transform, wavelet features, and CSP-based features are extracted. In the proposed EWFS-transform, the window function is modified by using the frequency function and updated STFT. Conversely, the features including SE-AMM-EST-based features;LGXP and GLCM are extracted while considering the preprocessed face image. In the proposed SE-AMM-EST-based features, the mean of shape is updated and covariance in PCA for extracting texture-based features. In order to extract redundant free essential features, AMIG-based feature fusion is proposed. Further, the fused features are fed into a proposed hybrid model that includes LSTM and AML-CNN models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Textures

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Preventing 51% Attack by Using Consecutive Block Limits in Bitcoin

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 77852-77869页

作者： Mahmood Babur, Sohail Ur Rehman Khan, Shafiq Yang, Jing Chen, Yen-Lin Soon Ku, Chin Yee Por, Lip Government Murray College Department of Information Technology Sialkot51010 Pakistan Capital University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Islamabad44730 Pakistan Universiti Malaya Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

In permissionless blockchain systems, Proof of Work (PoW) is utilized to address the issues of double-spending and transaction starvation. When an attacker acquires more than 50% of the hash power of the entire network, they gain the ability to engage in double-spending activities, posing a significant threat to the PoW consensus algorithm. This research focuses on the consensus algorithm employed in the Bitcoin system, explaining how it operates and the security challenges it faces. The proposed modification to the PoW algorithm imposes a restriction on miners: they are not allowed to accept consecutive blocks from the same miner into the final local blockchain to prevent the 51% attack problem. This modification supports transactions that require six confirmations. In the event an attacker attempts a 51% attack with a private chain that consists of fewer than 6 blocks, it becomes easier to detect a double-spending attack before accepting the attacker's private chain. The modified algorithm introduces a 'Safe Mode Detection Algorithm' that scrutinizes incoming blocks for adjustments at the top of the local blockchain. If inconsistencies are identified, the consensus algorithm proceeds cautiously by comparing the UTXO dictionaries from the attacker's chain with those from the miner's own blockchain. This meticulous comparison aims to detect instances of double-spending. If such instances are detected, the miner rejects the attacker's chain, establishing a double-spend-free environment and thwarting 51% attacks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Spatiotemporal crowds features extraction of infrared images using neural network

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第4期15卷 2543-2556页

作者： Al-Oraiqat, Anas M. Drieiev, Oleksandr Drieieva, Hanna Meleshko, Yelyzaveta AlRawashdeh, Hazim Al-Oraiqat, Karim A. Hasan, Yassin M. Y. Maricar, Noor Khan, Sheroz Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Information Technology Onaizah Colleges Qassim Saudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity and Software Central Ukrainian National Technical University Kropyvnytskyi Ukraine Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Information Technology Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Information Technology Onaizah Colleges Qassim Saudi Arabia

Crowds can lead up to severe disasterous consequences resulting in fatalities. Videos obtained through public cameras or captured by drones flying overhead can be processed with artificial intelligence-based crowd analysis systems. Being a hot area of research over the past few years, the goal is not only to identify the presence of crowds but also to predict the probability of crowd-formation in order to issue timely warnings and preventive measures. Such systems will significantly reduce the probablity of the potential disasters. Developing effective systems is a challenging task, especially due to factors such as naturally occuring diverse conditions, variations in people or background pixel areas, noise, behaviors of individuals, relative amounts/distributions/directions of crowd movements, and crowd building reasons. This paper proposes an infrared video processing system based on U-Net convolutional neural network for crowd monitoring in infrared video frames to help estimate the people crowd with normal or abnormal trends. The proposed U-Net architecture aims to efficiently extract crowd features, achieve sufficient people marking-up accuracy, competitively with optimal network configurations in terms of the depth and number of filters to consequently minimise the number of coefficients. For further faster processing, hardware resources/implementation area savings, and lower power, the optimized network coefficients measured are represented in Canonic-Signed Digit with minimal number of nonzero (± 1) digits, minimizing the number of underlying shift-add/subtract operations of all multipliers. The achieved significantly reduced computational cost makes the proposed U-Net effectively suitable for resource-constrained and low power applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Effective Customer Review Analysis Using Combined Capsule Networks with Matrix Factorization Filtering

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2537-2552页

作者： K.Selvasheela A.M.Abirami Abdul Khader Askarunisa Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sree Sakthi Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641104India Department of Information Technology Thiagarajar College of EngineeringMaduraiTamilnadu625015India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sethu Institute of TechnologyVirudhunagarTamilnadu626115India

Nowadays,commercial transactions and customer reviews are part of human life and various business *** technologies create a great impact on online user reviews and activities,affecting the business *** reviews and ratings are more helpful to the new customer to purchase the product,but the fake reviews completely affect the *** traditional systems consume maximum time and create complexity while analyzing a large volume of customer ***,in this work optimized recommendation system is developed for analyzing customer reviews with minimum ***,Amazon Product Kaggle dataset information is utilized for investigating the customer *** collected information is analyzed and processed by batch normalized capsule networks(NCN).The network explores the user reviews according to product details,time,price purchasing factors,etc.,ensuring product quality and *** effective recommendation system is developed using a butterfly optimized matrix factorizationfiltering *** the system’s efficiency is evaluated using the Rand Index,Dunn index,accuracy,and error rate.

关键词： Recommendation system customer reviews amazon product kaggle dataset batch normalized capsule networks butterfly optimized matrix factorizationfiltering

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Synthetic Collision-Prone Trajectory Data Generation Using CTGAN for Connected Autonomous Vehicles 11

Synthetic Collision-Prone Trajectory Data Generation Using C...

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11th International Symposium on Telecommunication, IST 2024

作者： Samanipour, Ali Javidan, Reza Bushehrian, Omid Shiraz University of Technology Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Shiraz Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356250

The safety and reliability of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) hinge on their ability to navigate complex and unpredictable driving environments. Traditional testing methods, relying on real-world data and simulations, often fall short of providing the diverse and comprehensive set of collision scenarios needed for rigorous evaluation. On the other hand, mobility trajectory data acquisition is challenging due to privacy concerns, commercial considerations, missing values, and expensive deployment costs. This paper presents a novel approach to generating synthetic collision-prone trajectories using the Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Network (CTGAN). By leveraging CTGAN's ability to handle imbalanced and mixed data types, we create a rich synthetic dataset that enhances the validation and testing processes for CAVs. Our methodology includes the preparation of real-world trajectory data, the configuration and training of the CTGAN model, and the generation of a diverse set of collision-prone scenarios. We test our approach using two large-scale real-world trajectory datasets and comparative analyses with other trajectory generation methods, including TimeGAN and SocialGAN, to underscore the superiority of our approach in generating realistic and varied scenarios. This research contributes to the field of autonomous vehicle testing by offering a robust and scalable solution for scenario generation. The synthetic dataset not only improves safety and reliability metrics but also provides a valuable resource for future research and development. Our findings suggest that integrating CTGAN-generated data into CAV testing frameworks, not only in terms of statistical and quality metrics, is better than the other approaches but also can significantly enhance the preparedness of autonomous vehicles, ultimately contributing to safer and more efficient transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ability testing

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