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Effect of crack interaction and friction on the dynamic strength of rock-like materials with many cracks

engineering Fracture Mechanics 2021年 257卷

作者： Chengzhi Qi Chen Xia Arcady Dyskin Fa Zhao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China International Cooperation Base for Transportation Infrastructure Construction Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China Department of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering The University of Western Australia WA 6009 Australia

Rock-like materials are heterogeneous and contain numerous defects. Under compression, the widely used two-dimensional wing crack models cannot accurately describe the three-dimensional behaviour of cracks because the three-dimensional secondary crack will wrap (curl) around the disc-shaped primary crack under uniaxial loading. Moreover, experimental results have shown that a single embedded crack expands easily when the lateral compression is higher than approximately 6% of the axial compression. To describe the three-dimensional behaviour of cracks under uniaxial compressive loading accurately, we propose a three-dimensional wing crack model that incorporates the crack propagation dynamics, the inertia effect, the dependence of the friction coefficient on the slip velocity of the crack faces, and the interaction between cracks. We numerically solve the crack propagation dynamics equation, crack interaction equations, friction coefficient equations, and constitutive equation to estimate the effects of the friction coefficient and crack density on the dynamic strength of samples containing mode I cracks. The numerical results indicate that as the crack density increases, the initiation of crack growth and failure of the sample both occur earlier, while the loading stress at the initiation and failure points decreases. The inertia-induced additional axial stress increases with increasing crack density. The failure of the sample occurs earlier at a lower loading stress when considering the modified friction law than when considering a constant friction coefficient.

关键词： Rock-like materials Dynamic axial strength Crack interaction Friction coefficient

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Change in Fresh and Rheological Properties of Mortar and Concrete prepared using Red Mud- A Review

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期795卷

作者： Manasa Putrevu T. Jothi Saravanan Kunal Bisht K. I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha India Department of Civil Engineering KIET Group of Institutions Delhi NCR India School of Architecture and Interior Design SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu India

The construction industry produces 5-7% of all CO2 emissions and is the second-highest emitter of all industrial carbon dioxide. Reusing industrial waste and by-products in cementitious materials has found to enhance properties and reduce the carbon footprint. Red mud is one such byproduct generated in large quantities during the manufacturing of alumina. Red mud's utilization in the construction industry can also address the challenge of increasing red mud reserves, posing a threat to the environment. The studies carried out by various authors suggest that red mud could successfully be incorporated in concrete and mortar. The extent of incorporation of red mud in the material can be decided based on the required application and properties. This paper presents a comprehensive review of red mud's effect on the rheological and fresh properties of concrete and mortar which are crucial for their constructability.

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Knowledge, Awareness, and Resilience of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction in Coastal Area

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1811卷

作者： Rr M I Retno Susilorini Rina Febrina Helmia Adita Fitra Juniastel Rajagukguk Dhiyan Krishna Wardhani B Y Arya Wastanimpuna Laurel Lia Nola Prameswari Department of Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang 50234 Central Java Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Malahayati University Bandar Lampung 35153 South Sumatera Indonesia Department of Regional and Urban Planning Sumatera Institute of Technology South Lampung 35365 South Sumatera Indonesia Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Medan Medan 20221 North Sumatera Indonesia Doctoral Program of Digital Architecture Faculty of Architecture and Design Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang 50234 Central Java Indonesia

Indonesia is earthquake and tsunami prone areas, included Sumatera Island. Bandar Lampung is also vulnerable to earthquake and tsunami, especially Kangkung fishing village in Lampung Bay. Disaster risk reduction is very important to be implemented in the cases of earthquake and tsunami, which can save more life and build resilience in facing the hazard. This research aimed to study how the knowledge, awareness, and resilience of people in Kangkung fishing village can strengthen the earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction. This research conducted by quantitative methods. Survey and interview of 53 respondents were conducted as well as data collecting approached by purposive sampling. The results found that there is little knowledge and awareness of people in Kangkung fishing village of the hazard of earthquake and tsunami. Therefore, this research proposed a model of 'Community-Based Resilience Strategy' Model of earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction. It is a comprehensive and sustainable model of how people take a part in disaster risk reduction by intensive participatory. Conclusion of this research emphasized that disaster risk reduction is a big matter in marginalized society such as people in Kangkung fishing village. The 'Community-Based Resilience Strategy' Model of earthquake and tsunami disaster risk reduction that may increase the knowledge and awareness to become more resilience.

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User guides for the climate adaptation of buildings and infrastructure in Norway – Characteristics and impact

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Climate Services 2017年 6卷 23-33页

作者： Hauge, Åshild Lappegard Almås, Anders-Johan Flyen, Cecilie Stoknes, Per Espen Lohne, Jardar SINTEF Building and Infrastructure Forskningsveien 3B Oslo 0314 Norway Faculty of Architecture and Design The Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU Alfred Getz vei 3 Trondheim 7491 Norway Center for Climate Strategies Norwegian Business School BI Nydalsveien 37 Oslo 0484 Norway Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU Høgskoleringen 7A Trondheim 7491 Norway

To reduce future damages on buildings and infrastructure, and prepare society for the coming climate challenges, in recent years numerous user guides have been developed. The objective of this study is to provide the first overview and analysis of, the characteristics of the existing guidance material for the climate adaptation of the built environment in Norway. 84 user guides and web portals are mapped and analysed, focusing on target groups and topics. The results are viewed in relation to qualitative interviews with experts responsible for promoting climate adaptation. A large share of the guidance material communicates climate adaptation at a general level rather than in-depth practical measures. The interviews confirm that there is an overwhelming amount of guidance material, and it is suggested that this may cause confusion and uncertainty among users. The study and its findings are placed within a context of the climate services literature, and “user guides” are understood as a type of “climate services product”. A main conclusion is that the abundance of user guides does not automatically lead to better climate adaptation. Too few user guides for climate adaptation sufficiently secure easily accessible information on practical measures. The guides are not broadly utilised, the language and length of the texts are sometimes problematic, and the target groups are often wide or not specified. The results presented may be used in order to develop improved user guides for climate adaptation in societies with similar climate and societal challenges to those in Norway. © 2017 The Authors

关键词： Buildings and infrastructure Climate adaptation Climate services User guides

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Study on Impact of Embodied Energy and CO2 Emissions for Prolongation of Building Life Time： Case Study in Japan

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Journal of Civil engineering and architecture 2015年第3期9卷 274-282页

作者： Keizo Yokoyama Makoto Yamamoto Noriyoshi Yokoo Tatsuo Oka Takao Sawachi Department of Urban Design and Planning School of Architecture Kogakuin University Tokyo 163-8677 Japan Research and Development Center Shinryo Corporation Ibaraki 300-4247 Japan Department of Design and Engineering for Global Environment Utsunomiya University Tochigi 321-8585 Japan National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism Tsukuba 305-0802 Japan

In this study, we looked at a method quantifying EEC （embodied energy and CO2） and the effect when we prolonged the building life time particularly through the durable improvement of the structure. Increasing the covering thickness of concrete for reinforcing bars and the earthquake-resistant strength are methods to increase the durability of the structure. The calculation method to obtain the quantity of concrete and reinforcing bars is provided. The EEC increase is evaluated from the 2005 input-output table in Japan. These results show that EE （embodied energy） in the construction phase is increased by 11% to 20% and EC （embodied CO2） 17% to 32%. However, annual EE is reduced 66% to 72% and EC 70% to 79%,

关键词： Covering thickness of concrete earthquake-resistant strength I-O （input-ouput） table embodied energy/CO2

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The genius loci in the globalization millennium: Temporary dwelling

The genius loci in the globalization millennium: Temporary d...

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4th International Conference on Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures, MARAS 2014

作者： De Berardinis, P. De Gregorio, S. Department of Civil Engineering Building Architecture and Environmental Building L'Aquila University Italy Department of Infrastructure Design Engineering Architecture G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara University Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781845647728

The concept of living stability is inherent in the sedentary lifestyle of living for a human being. In the past, difficulties of movement and geographical barriers have produced the interaction between the identity of people and the place inhabited: the genius loci. In the globalization millennium, the possibility of unlimited travel has led to the reinvention of nomadism and the consequent change in the design and requirements of the house. Natural disasters always require, as a result, building temporary shelters that allow people to shelter, waiting for the restoration to the situation prior the tragedy. Being an individual as a citizen of the world, nowadays, the genius loci is expressed in temporary housing, which is connected to the usual way of life and not to an unusual situation, limited to a period of time waiting for a change. When drastically reducing the amount of time that housing stands inside a certain area, it is necessary that it does not cause environmental damage. In light of these thoughts, it is possible to define the problems associated with temporariness and the requirements that allow one to solve them. A feasibility study is herewith proposed, for a temporary structure of housing, consisting of a steel structure with articulated dry joints, inside which are inserted, by the aid of a sliding system, three-dimensional prefabricated modules in steel and wood, like a system of chest of drawers. Our preliminary study of materials, building techniques, transportation and assembly systems, has allowed us to design an opened and infinitely expandable building unit. © 2014 WIT Press.

关键词： Housing

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Temporary systems after the earthquake in L'Aquila

Temporary systems after the earthquake in L'Aquila

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4th International Conference on Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures, MARAS 2014

作者： De Berardinis, P. De Gregorio, S. Department of Civil Engineering L'Aquila University Italy Department of Infrastructure Design Engineering Architecture G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara University Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781845647728

After an earthquake, temporary structures play a key role in the immediate emergency and during the reconstruction. In the territory of L'Aquila, after the earthquake of the 6th April 2009, tents were used in the first emergency to provide immediate shelter to the population and prefabricated structures have been used later to accommodate the population during the longest stage of the reconstruction. But there is another type of temporariness too, linked to the securing of the damaged buildings and aimed to preserve the historical and artistic value and ensure the safety of road and workers during the reconstruction period. The secure systems use temporary devices, consisting mainly of tubular scaffoldings, multi-directional systems, systems in wood, systems with metal profiles and steel cables, polyester clamps. These systems are used interchangeably according to the function they perform, flexibility, time and cost of installation. During the reconstruction phase safety systems are disassembled, progressively generating an enormous amount of waste materials. For these materials it has not been planned a second lifecycle and disposal has a high environmental impact. It is proposed the reuse of these waste materials at zero distance. The purpose is to obtain environmental, logistic and economic advantages. Reuse provides a function change under the temporary, from safety systems to building systems, aimed to the construction of temporary structures, which, in the reconstruction phase, simplify site organization and, in the post-reconstruction phase, restructure public and private spaces. © 2014 WIT Press.

关键词： Earthquakes

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Joint Ventures in Construction 2: Contract, Governance, Performance and Risk: Introduction

Joint Ventures in Construction 2: Contract, Governance, Perf...

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Joint Ventures in Construction 2: Contract, Governance, Performance and Risk 2012年 xxiii-xxvii页

作者： Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Khairuddin, Abdul Rashid Onishi, Masamitsu Sharina Farihah, Hasan Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design Malaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Malaysia Malaysia Department of Urban Management Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Japan Department of Infrastructure Economics Kyoto University Japan Department of Quantity Surveying Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design Malaysia

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Heating mechanism of unprotected steel beam installed beneath ceiling and exposed to a localized fire: Verification using the real-scale experiment and effects of the smoke layer

Heating mechanism of unprotected steel beam installed beneat...

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7th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science

作者： Wakamatsu, Takashi Hasemi, Yuji Kagiya, Koji Kamikawa, Daisuke Institute of Construction Technology Kumagai Gumi Co. LTD. Onigakubo1043 Tsukuba Ibaraki 300-2651 Japan Department of Architecture School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Okubo 3-4-1 Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management Tatehara 1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Consultants' Group of Fire Safety Design Nihon Bousai INST.LTD. Kyobashi-Kitami Bldg. 3-1-9 Hacchobori Chuo-Ku Tokyo 104-0032 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0954534808

Measurements of the heating condition of a steel beam installed beneath a ceiling and exposed to a localized fire source are made on a real-scale experiment. The data of thermal response obtained from the experiments are compared with previous small-scale experiments. The effects of the smoke layer which influences upon the heating condition of the beam are investigated through the smoke experiments setting the smoke protection soffits to the same experimental equipment. FDM-based calculation is demonstrated using the average temperature of the smoke layer for the boundary conditions to predict the thermal response of the beam. Applicability of the approximated temperature of the smoke layer is examined by comparing the numerical results of the temperature with those obtained through the experiment. Copyright © International Association for Fire Safety Science.

关键词： Heat flux

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Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 Volume 2 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in Civil engineering

1000年

作者： Yasser Mansour Umashankar Subramaniam Zahiraniza Mustaffa Abdelhakim Abdelhadi Mohamed Al-Atroush Eman Abowardah

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