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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： D. Walden D. Chakraborty J. Cheng A. Straksys A. Stirke W. CMA Melo A. Jukna I. Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin.

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Spectroscopy Measurement by laser beam Lasers and electrooptics Laser modes Skin Time-domain analysis Transient analysis Electro-optical waveguides

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Quantifying Efficiency of Remote Excitation for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Molecular Junctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liao, Shusen Zhu, Yunxuan Ye, Qian Sanders, Stephen Yang, Jiawei Alabastri, Alessandro Natelson, Douglas Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is enabled by local surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metallic nanogaps. When SERS is excited by direct illumination of the nanogap, the background heating of lattice and electrons can prevent further manipulation of the molecules. To overcome this issue, we report SERS in electromigrated gold molecular junctions excited remotely: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited at nearby gratings, propagate to the junction, and couple to the local nanogap plasmon modes. Like direct excitation, remote excitation of the nanogap can generate both SERS emission and an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV). We compare SERS intensity and OCPV in both direct and remote illumination configurations. SERS spectra obtained by remote excitation are much more stable than those obtained through direct excitation when photon count rates are comparable. By statistical analysis of 33 devices, coupling efficiency of remote excitation is calculated to be around 10%, consistent with the simulated energy flow. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

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Ultrastrong Spin-Photon Coupling in Gadolinium Gallium Garnet

Ultrastrong Spin-Photon Coupling in Gadolinium Gallium Garne...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Kritzell, T. Elijah Bao, Junzhe Doumani, Jacques Lee, Jae Joon Xu, Hongjing Tay, Fuyang Nojiri, Hiroyuki Bamba, Motoaki Baydin, Andrey Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

We examine ultrastrong coupling of an ensemble of paramagnetic spins in Gd3Ga5O12 with terahertz photons in the presence of a high external magnetic field both in the bulk and thin-film limits. © 2023 The Author(s)

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Photons

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Generating Lymphoma Variability Through Adversarial Generation Models: A Limited Resource Approach for Synthetic Histopathology Image Generation and Classification

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tiwari, Ashutosh Saudarshan, Harsh Krisnawati, Dyah Ika Khafid, Muhamad Wardani, Erika Martining Mutalik, Chinmaya Chen, Chi-Long Kuo, Tsung-Rong International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Chhattisgarh Bilaspur495509 India Department of Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya East Java Surabaya60237 Indonesia Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Pathology School of Medicine College of Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Tulane University United States Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Taiwan

Lymphomas, a diverse group of blood cancers originating from the lymphatic system, present significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment due to their morphological and genetic differences. These variability obscures the development of personalized therapies and impacts disease outcomes. The scarcity of high-quality, diverse images of lymphoma cells is further hindered by patient privacy concerns, the rarity of certain types, and logistical challenges of collecting and processing biomedical images. Additionally, the costs and technical difficulties of microscopic imaging limit the scope of research. This paper addresses these challenges by utilizing generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate synthetic yet realistic images of lymphoma histopathology and classify them in a low resource setting. Focusing specifically on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we employed GANs to enhance the understanding of lymphoma variability and support advancements in digital cancer biology and pathology. This dual approach of image generation and classification aims to improve disease diagnosis and prognosis, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Generative AI-enabled Vehicular Networks: Fundamentals, Framework, and Case Study

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Ruichen Xiong, Ke Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Shen, Xuemin Poor, H. Vincent The Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Recognizing the tremendous improvements that the integration of generative AI can bring to intelligent transportation systems, this article explores the integration of generative AI technologies in vehicular networks, focusing on their potential applications and challenges. Generative AI, with its capabilities of generating realistic data and facilitating advanced decision-making processes, enhances various applications when combined with vehicular networks, such as navigation optimization, traffic prediction, data generation, and evaluation. Despite these promising applications, the integration of generative AI with vehicular networks faces several challenges, such as real-time data processing and decision-making, adapting to dynamic and unpredictable environments, as well as privacy and security concerns. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-modality semantic-aware framework to enhance the service quality of generative AI. By leveraging multi-modal and semantic communication technologies, the framework enables the use of text and image data for creating multi-modal content, providing more reliable guidance to receiving vehicles and ultimately improving system usability and efficiency. To further improve the reliability and efficiency of information transmission and reconstruction within the framework, taking generative AI-enabled vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) as a case study, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach is proposed for resource allocation. Finally, we discuss potential research directions and anticipated advancements in the field of generative AI-enabled vehicular networks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Layer-dependent optically induced spin polarization in InSe

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Physical Review B 2023年第11期107卷 115304-115304页

作者： Jovan Nelson Teodor K. Stanev Dmitry Lebedev Trevor LaMountain J. Tyler Gish Hongfei Zeng Hyeondeok Shin Olle Heinonen Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Mark C. Hersam Nathaniel P. Stern Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Computational Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Material Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Optical control of spin in semiconductors has been pioneered using nanostructures of III-V and II-VI semiconductors, but the emergence of two-dimensional van der Waals materials offers an alternative low-dimensional platform for spintronic phenomena. Indium selenide (InSe), a group-III monochalcogenide van der Waals material, has shown promise for optoelectronics due to its high electron mobility, tunable direct band gap, and quantum transport. In addition to these confirmed properties, there are predictions of spin-dependent optical selection rules, suggesting the potential for all-optical excitation and control of spin in a two-dimensional layered material. Despite these predictions, layer-dependent optical spin phenomena in InSe have yet to be explored. Here, we present measurements of layer-dependent optical spin dynamics in few-layer and bulk InSe. Polarized photoluminescence reveals layer-dependent optical orientation of spin, thereby demonstrating the optical selection rules in few-layer InSe. Spin dynamics are also studied in many-layer InSe using time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy. By applying out-of-plane and in-plane static magnetic fields for polarized emission measurements and Kerr measurements, respectively, the g factor for InSe was extracted. Further investigations are done by calculating precession values using a k·p model, which is supported by ab initio density functional theory. Comparison of predicted precession rates with experimental measurements highlights the importance of excitonic effects in InSe for understanding spin dynamics. Optical orientation of spin is an important prerequisite for optospintronic phenomena and devices, and these first demonstrations of layer-dependent optical excitation of spins in InSe lay the foundation for combining layer-dependent spin properties with advantageous electronic properties found in this material.

关键词： Magneto-optics Spin dynamics Chalcogenides Layered semiconductors Van der Waals systems Density functional theory Kerr effect Photoluminescence k dot p method

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Topological Rigidity and Non-Abelian defect junctions in chiral nematic systems with effective biaxial symmetry

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Jin-Sheng Valenzuela, Roberto Abril Bowick, Mark J. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States French American Center for Theoretical Science CNRS KITP Santa Barbara United States International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder United States

We study topologically stable defect structures in systems where the defect line classification in three dimensions and associated algebra of interactions (the fundamental group) are governed by the non-Abelian 8-element group, the quaternions Q8. The non-Abelian character of the defect algebra leads to a topological rigidity of bound defect pairs, and trivalent junctions which are the building blocks of multi-junction trivalent networks. We realize such structures laboratory chiral nematics and analyze their behavior analytically, along with numerical modeling © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Rigidity

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An Investigation Towards the Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy to Monitor the Impact of Diethyl Phthalate Microplastics on Marine Algae

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Wenchao, Wu Zhang, Dayong Sophocleous, Marios Qu, Yihe Jing, Wang Chalermwisutkul, Suramate Russel, Mohammad School of Ocean Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Liaoning Panjin124221 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus The Sirindhorn International Thai German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

Microplastic pollutants are currently a threat to marine microorganisms, which is difficult to determine. This paper presents the development of a dielectric spectroscopy based method using a customized PCB transmission line probe for examining the electrophysiological effect of diethyl phthalate (DEP) microplastics (0-50 mg) on marine algae (***) up to 6 days of exposure. In order to amplify the electrophysiological effects, glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent was used and encapsulated on the surface of PCB probe. The reflection coefficient (S11) and the complex permittivity (ɛʹ & ɛʺ) of the Medium Under Test (MUT) was investigated in the 30 kHz–800 MHz frequency range. No of algae cell, S11, ɛʹ & ɛʺ of *** was studied against different concentration of DEP exposures for 0-6 days and a linear relationship between S11 and the days of culture when no DEP was added. At 740 MHz a slope of -0.73 dB/day and an R2 of 0.9958 was identified. Once DEP was added, the No. of algae cell stopped increasing with time and the S11 and ɛʹ & ɛʺ values followed the same trend. This dielectric spectroscopy method could be a potential real time low-cost tool to examine microplastic pollutants impacts on marine microorganisms. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reflection

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Structural, optical, and thermal properties of BN thin films grown on diamond via pulsed laser deposition

引用

Physical Review Materials 2023年第9期7卷 094602-094602页

作者： Abhijit Biswas Gustavo A. Alvarez Tao Li Joyce Christiansen-Salameh Eugene Jeong Anand B. Puthirath Sathvik Ajay Iyengar Chenxi Li Tia Gray Xiang Zhang Tymofii S. Pieshkov Harikishan Kannan Jacob Elkins Robert Vajtai A. Glen Birdwell Mahesh R. Neupane Elias J. Garratt Bradford B. Pate Tony G. Ivanov Yuji Zhao Zhiting Tian Pulickel M. Ajayan Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory RF Devices and Circuits Adelphi Maryland 20783 USA Naval Research Laboratory Chemistry Division Washington District of Columbia 20375 USA

Heterostructures based on ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors (bandgap>4.0eV), such as BN and diamond, hold significant importance for the development of high-power electronics in the next generation. However, achieving in situ heteroepitaxy of BN/diamond or vice versa remains exceptionally challenging due to the complex growth kinetics involved. In this work, we grew BN thin film on (100) single-crystal diamonds using pulsed laser deposition and investigated its structural, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties. The structural analyses confirmed the growth of BN films, which exhibited diamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Notably, the film demonstrated anisotropic refractive index characteristics within the visible-to-near-infrared wavelength range. The room-temperature cross-plane thermal conductivity of BN is 1.53 ± 0.77 W/mK, while the thermal conductance of the BN/diamond interface is 20±2MW/m2K. These findings have significant implications for a range of device applications based on UWBG BN/diamond heterostructures.

关键词： Growth Thermal conductivity Boron nitride Thin films Wide band gap systems Film deposition Laser ablation Thermoreflectance

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Norepinephrine changes behavioral state through astroglial purinergic signaling

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6748期388卷 769-775页

作者： Chen, Alex B. Duque, Marc Rymbek, Altyn Dhanasekar, Mahalakshmi Wang, Vickie M. Mi, Xuelong Tocquer, Loeva Narayan, Sujatha Legorreta, Emmanuel Marquez Eddison, Mark Yu, Guoqiang Wyart, Claire Prober, David A. Engert, Florian Ahrens, Misha B. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus Ashburn VA United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Sorbonne Université Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Arlington VA United States Present address: Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle WA United States Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China

Both neurons and glia communicate through diffusible neuromodulators;however, how neuron-glial interactions in such neuromodulatory networks influence circuit computation and behavior is unclear. During futility-induced behavioral transitions in the larval zebrafish, the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) drives fast excitation and delayed inhibition of behavior and circuit activity. We found that astroglial purinergic signaling implements the inhibitory arm of this motif. In larval zebrafish, NE triggers astroglial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), extracellular conversion of ATP into adenosine, and behavioral suppression through activation of hindbrain neuronal adenosine receptors. Our results suggest a computational and behavioral role for an evolutionarily conserved astroglial purinergic signaling axis in NE-mediated behavioral and brain state transitions and position astroglia as important effectors in neuromodulatory signaling.

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