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4th Biennial Meeting of International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Integrating sciences and Information Technology for Environmental Assessment and Decision Making, iEMSs 2008

作者： Gibert, Karina Izquierdo, Joaquín Holmes, Geoff Athanasiadis, Ioannis Comas, Joaquim Sànchez-Marrè, Miquel Department of Statistics and Operation Research Technical University of Catalonia Barcelona Catalonia Spain Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning Group Technical University of Catalonia Barcelona Catalonia Spain Centro Multidisciplinar de Modelación de Fluidos Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Spain Department of Computer Science University of Waikato New Zealand Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale Lugano Switzerland University of Girona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9788476530740

The quality of discovered knowledge is highly depending on data quality. Unfortunately real data use to contain noise, uncertainty, errors, redundancies or even irrelevant information. The more complex is the reality to be analyzed, the higher the risk of getting low quality data. knowledge Discovery from Databases (KDD) offers a global framework to prepare data in the right form to perform correct analyses. On the other hand, the quality of decisions taken upon KDD results, depend not only on the quality of the results themselves, but on the capacity of the system to communicate those results in an understandable form. Environmental systems are particularly complex and environmental users particularly require clarity in their results. In this paper some details about how this can be achieved are provided. The role of the pre and post processing in the whole process of knowledge Discovery in environmental systems is discussed.

关键词： Data mining

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On Human-Machine Interaction during Online Image Classifier Training

On Human-Machine Interaction during Online Image Classifier ...

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International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce

作者： Edwin Lughofer Jim Smith Praminda Caleb-Solly Muhammad Atif Tahir Christian Eitzinger Davy Sannen Hendrik Van Brussel Department of Knowledge-based Mathematical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Department of Computer Science University of the West of England Bristol UK Profactor GmbH Steyr-Gleink Austria Department of Mechanical Engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven(Heverlee) Belgium

This paper considers a number of issues that arise when a trainable machine vision system learns directly from humans, rather than from a "cleaned" data set, i.e. data items which are perfectly labelled with complete accuracy. This is done within the context of a generic system for the visual surface inspection of manufactured parts. The issues treated are relevant not only to wider computer vision applications, but also to classification more generally. Some of these issues arise from the nature of humans themselves: they will be not only internally inconsistent, but will often not be completely confident about their decisions, especially if they are making decisions rapidly. People will also often differ systematically from each other in the decisions they make. Other issues may arise from the nature of the process, which may require the machine learning to have the capacity for real-time, online adaptation in response to users' input. It may be that the users cannot always provide input to a consistent level of detail. We describe how all of these issues may be tackled within a coherent methodology. Using a range of classifiers trained on real data sets from a CD imprint production process, we will present results which show that properly addressing most of these issues may actually lead to improved performance.

关键词： Man machine systems Humans Machine vision Surface treatment Inspection Manufacturing computer vision Application software Machine learning Production

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Adaptive personalization of multimodal vehicular interfaces using a hybrid recommendation approach with fuzzy preferences

Adaptive personalization of multimodal vehicular interfaces ...

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Philipp Fischer Michael Cebulla Andre Berton Andreas Nurnberger Sandro Rodriguez Garzon Group Research and Advanced Engineering Department Infotainment & Telematics Daimler AG Ulm Berlin Germany Center for Automotive Information Technology Innovations (DCAITI) Technical University Berlin Germany Department of Knowledge and Language Engineering Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany

User-adaptive and situation-aware presentation of information on multimodal interfaces is an important research area for coping with the increasing information load on the driver. This paper describes a comprehensive recommendation approach for inferring vague individual preferences under uncertain conditions by using fuzzy preference relations. The approach was applied to rank internet information on a multimodal driver interface in the vehicle. New information gets successively downloaded to the car by using digital media broadcast and the driver can query information (e.g. press review, cheap petrol stations, snow reports) by using natural language queries. Incoming information elements are gradually matched to ontology categories by a fuzzy membership value based on term frequency. User perferences are learned from interaction and recommendations for content items is based on the resulting preference model. Three different types of fuzzy relations are aggregated to an overall preference score: explicit preferences, implicit preferences, and global preferences. The later influence preference values of one driver based on other drivers in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Therefore, the approach is not solely based on the presence of one kind of interaction data. Furthermore, the situation is modeled using the concept of granules and influences the overall preference score.

关键词： Vehicles

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Fuzzy structural algorithms to identify and characterize apnea and hypopnea episodes

Fuzzy structural algorithms to identify and characterize apn...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Abraham Otero Paulo Felix Miguel R. Alvarez Carlos Zamarron Department of Software and Knowledge Engineering University San Pablo CEU Madrid Spain Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Division of Respiratory Medicine University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela Spain

We present a new automated method to identify apneas and hypopneas and to relate them to the drops in blood oxyhemoglobin saturation that they produce. The algorithm takes advantage of the fuzzy set theory for the representation and manipulation of the vagueness of the medical knowledge on which it is based. Its structural nature allows us to easily modify the morphological detection criteria, and to perform a detailed characterization of the identified events. Based on this proposal, a tool for screening polysomnographic records has been developed. The tool allows the physician to modify the morphological criteria that define apneas, hypopneas, and desaturations as well as to inspect the descriptors that make up their characterization. Using this tool we have analyzed five polysomnographic recordings obtaining an overall correct detection rate of 95%. The false negative rate was 6.6% and the false positive rate was 4.3%.

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A generic approach to engineering transformational methods

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International Journal of Information and Management sciences 2008年第3期19卷 455-476页

作者： Prakash, Naveen Srivastava, Sangeeta Sabharwal, Sangeeta Galgotia's College of Engineering and Technology India Delhi University India Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology India Galgotia's College of Engineering and Technology Knowledge Park - II Greater Noida - 201306 U.P. India Department of Computer Science BCAS Delhi University Sector-2 Dwarka New Delhi India Division of Computer Engineering Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology Sector-3 Dwarka New Delhi 110045 India

In general transformations across models need to be defined for every different pair of models for engineering transformational methods. In this paper we formulate a systematic, computer supported generic technique of performing transformation across models. We formalize the transformation technique by using the graph theoretic notion of isomorphism. Model concepts are organized in an is built of method graph. The generation technique is used to establish isomorphism between the concepts of the two graphs by generating nodes and edges by duplication. This technique produces feasible mappings, which can be presented to the method engineer for subsequent fine-tuning. Further, these model mappings are used to generate the purposes and dependencies for a decisional Meta model for a transformational method.

关键词： Mapping

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Social network analysis of the vulnerabilities of interdependent critical infrastructures

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International Journal of Critical Infrastructures 2008年第3期4卷 256-273页

作者： Chai, Choon-Lee Liu, X. Zhang, W.J. Deters, Ralph Liu, D. Dyachuk, Dmytro Tu, Y.L. Baber, Zaheer Department of Sociology University of Saskatchewan #1019-9 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5A5 Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Dr. Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan 176 Thorvaldson Building 110 Science Place Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Department of Sociology University of Toronto 725 Spadina Avanue Toronto ON M5S 2J4 Canada Department of Sociology University of Saskatchewan Canada Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Canada International Journal of CAD Computer Science Department University of Saskatchewan SME Department of Sociology University of Toronto Knowledge Media Design Institute Centre of Culture Communication and Information Technology

Interdependency among critical infrastructures contributes to vulnerabilities of those infrastructures. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructures are identified and analysed using social network analysis. In the analysis of network centrality, the importance of each critical infrastructure, in terms of its contribution to infrastructure interdependency, is ranked. The findings show that electricity and telecommunication are the two most important critical infrastructures that contribute to infrastructure interdependency, which further render the infrastructure network vulnerable to cascading damage. An example system is given to illustrate the ideas and results presented in this paper. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： computer networks

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Integrating the policy dialectic into dynamic spectrum management

Integrating the policy dialectic into dynamic spectrum manag...

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2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

作者： Lewis, David Feeney, Kevin O'Sullivan, Declan Knowledge and Data Engineering Group Department of Computer Science and Statistics Ireland CTVR Ireland Knowledge and Data Engineering Group (KDEG) Department of Computer Science and Statistics TCD Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424406623

In this paper we propose a holistic approach to modeling the management of dynamic spectrum access (DSA). We argue that the range to issues involved requires not just a management scheme, but also a meta-management scheme whereby management processes are monitored, analyzed and improved. In this way different proposals for management can be refined through interaction in a dialectic that reacts to the problems and conflicts of a given management scheme as well as the changes in the technological, social, economic and political environment. We examine Stafford Beer's Viable Systems Model as a possible basis for a framework that encompasses a variety of feedback loops involved in addressing operations, management and meta-management together. We also propose how this model could be mapped onto a concrete policy meta-management system and sketch out issues worthy of further investigation in developing a holistic DSA management framework.

关键词： Metadata

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Grouping abstraction and authority control in policy-based spectrum management

Grouping abstraction and authority control in policy-based s...

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2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

作者： Feeney, Kevin Lewis, David Argyroudis, Patroklos Nolan, Keith O'Sullivan, Declan Knowledge and Data Engineering Group (KDEG) Department of Computer Science and Statistics TCD Ireland CTVR Ireland Knowledge and Data Engineering Group Department of Computer Science and Statistics Ireland CTVR TCD Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424406623

The management of dynamic spectrum access requires the coordination of administrative functions across multiple organizations, from regulators to secondary market operators and commons cooperatives. Policy-based management approaches to dynamic spectrum access must therefore support a wide range of organizational types and handle the relationships between policies authored separately within those organizations. A policy language for administering dynamic access to spectrum resources has been proposed by the DARPA XG initiative. This defines an expressive and extensible language for specifying policies that determine the correct behavior of RIF transceivers as spectrum usage opportunities occur. However, this language does not yet address the mapping of policies onto the complex organizational settings that are likely to emerge in the dynamic spectrum access domain. This paper defines how the DARPA XG policy language can be integrated with a meta-policy management scheme that provides the powerful organizational modeling and policy authoring authority control needed to manage the evolution of policies in these complex organizational settings. The benefits of this integration are illustrated through a case study based on the potential use of dynamic spectrum access licenses granted in Ireland for the DySpan 2007 conference, and the organizational conflicts that even this simple scenario can yield. The practical issues of administering a multi-organizational policy management system are examined through an analysis of the interactions between existing components that are being assembled to demonstrate sophisticated policy management of a cognitive radio system.

关键词： Abstracting

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Clustering moving objects in spatial networks

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12th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications

作者： Chen, Jidong Lai, Caifeng Meng, Xiaofeng Xu, Jianliang Hu, Haibo School of Information Renmin University of China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering MOE Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University

ISBN: (纸本)9783540717027

Advances in wireless networks and positioning technologies (e.g., CPS) have enabled new data management applications that monitor moving objects. In such new applications, realtime data analysis such as clustering analysis is becoming one of the most important requirements. In this paper, we present the problem of clustering moving objects in spatial networks and propose a unified framework to address this problem. Due to the innate feature of continuously changing positions of moving objects, the clustering results dynamically change. By exploiting the unique features of road networks, our framework first introduces a notion of cluster block (CB) as the underlying clustering unit. We then divide the clustering process into the continuous maintenance of CBs and periodical construction of clusters with different criteria based on CBs. The algorithms for efficiently maintaining and organizing the CBs to construct clusters are proposed. Extensive experimental results show that our clustering framework achieves high efficiency for clustering moving objects in real road networks.

关键词： spatial-temporal databases moving objects clustering spatial networks

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Quality aware privacy protection for location-based services

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12th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2007

作者： Zhen, Xiao Xiaofeng, Meng Jianliang, Xu School of Information Renmin University of China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering MOE Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University

ISBN: (纸本)9783540717027

Protection of users' privacy has been a central issue for location-based services (LBSs). In this paper, we classify two kinds of privacy protection requirements in LBS: location anonymity and identifier anonymity. While the location cloaking technique under the k-anonymity model can provide a good protection of users' privacy, it reduces the resolution of location information and, hence, may degrade the quality of service (QoS). To strike a balance between the location privacy and QoS, we present a quality-aware anonymity model for protecting location privacy while meeting user specified QoS requirements. In the model, a mobile user can specify the minimum anonymity level requirement upon location privacy as well as the maximum cloaking latency and the maximum cloaking region size requirements upon QoS. In accordance with the model, we develop an efficient directed-graph based cloaking algorithm to achieve both high-quality location anonymity and identifier anonymity. The performance objective is to maximize the cloaking success rate under the privacy and QoS constraints. Furthermore, we introduce an option of using dummy locations to achieve a 100% cloaking success rate at the cost of communication overhead. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our cloaking algorithm under various privacy and QoS requirements. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

关键词： Tracking (position)

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