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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xie, Wenwen Sun, Geng Liu, Bei Li, Jiahui Wang, Jiacheng Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In The College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Emerging technologies in sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications, such as terahertz communication and ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output, present promising prospects. Despite the high data rate potential of millimeter wave communications, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications in urban low altitude economy (LAE) environments are constrained by challenges such as signal attenuation and multipath interference. Specially, in urban environments, mmWave communication experiences significant attenuation due to buildings, owing to its short wavelength, which necessitates developing innovative approaches to improve the robustness of such communications in LAE networking. In this paper, we explore the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-carried intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to support low altitude mmWave communication. Specifically, we consider a typical urban low altitude communication scenario where a UAV-carried IRS establishes a line-of-sight (LoS) channel between the mobile users and a source user (SU) despite the presence of obstacles. Subsequently, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the transmission rates and minimizing the energy consumption of the UAV by jointly optimizing phase shifts of the IRS and UAV trajectory. Given the non-convex nature of the problem and its high dynamics, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based approach incorporating neural episodic control, long short-term memory, and an IRS phase shift control method to enhance the stability and accelerate the convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively resolves the problem and surpasses other benchmark algorithms in various performances. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Aerial Secure Collaborative Communications under Eavesdropper Collusion in Low-altitude Economy: A Generative Swarm Intelligent Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Jiahui Sun, Geng Wu, Qingqing Liang, Shuang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Information Science and Technology Northeast Normal University Changchun130117 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

The rapid development of the low-altitude economy (LAE) has significantly increased the utilization of autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) in various applications, necessitating efficient and secure communication methods among AAV swarms. In this work, we aim to introduce distributed collaborative beamforming (DCB) into AAV swarms and handle the eavesdropper collusion by controlling the corresponding signal distributions. Specifically, we consider a two-way DCB-enabled aerial communication between two AAV swarms and construct these swarms as two AAV virtual antenna arrays. Then, we minimize the two-way known secrecy capacity and maximum sidelobe level to avoid information leakage from the known and unknown eavesdroppers, respectively. Simultaneously, we also minimize the energy consumption of AAVs when constructing virtual antenna arrays. Due to the conflicting relationships between secure performance and energy efficiency, we consider these objectives by formulating a multi-objective optimization problem, which is NP-hard and with a large number of decision variables. Accordingly, we design a novel generative swarm intelligence (GenSI) framework to solve the problem with less overhead, which contains a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE)-based generative method and a proposed powerful swarm intelligence algorithm. In this framework, CVAE can collect expert solutions obtained by the swarm intelligence algorithm in other environment states to explore characteristics and patterns, thereby directly generating high-quality initial solutions in new environment factors for the swarm intelligence algorithm to search solution space efficiently. Simulation results show that the proposed swarm intelligence algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline algorithms, and the GenSI can achieve similar optimization results by using far fewer iterations than the ordinary swarm intelligence algorithm. Experimental tests demonstrate that introducing the CVAE mechanism ach

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Integration of IOT and optical networks for enhanced connectivity and performance

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Journal of Optical Communications 2025年

作者： Rani, Rajni Tyagi, Sanjive Sharma, Vikas ECE Department KCC Institute of Technology & Management 2B-2C Knowledge Park-III Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida201306 India Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Technology Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Uttar Pradesh Meerut250005 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Uttar Pradesh Meerut250005 India

The integration of Internet of things (IoT) and optical networks represents a significant evolution in modern communication systems. Optical networks, known for their high bandwidth and low latency, can provide the necessary backbone to support the vast data exchange required by IoT devices. This paper explores the potential of combining IoT with optical networks, analyzing how this convergence can enhance connectivity, increase performance, and tackle the growing demands of future smart environments. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions for this integration are discussed, alongside case studies and applications that showcase the benefits of such an integrated approach. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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Learn to explain transformer via interpretation path by reinforcement learning

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Neural Networks 2025年 188卷 107496页

作者： Niu, Runliang Wang, Qi Kong, He Xing, Qianli Chang, Yi Yu, Philip S. School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University ChangChun130012 China Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human–Machine Intelligence Ministry of Education China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University ChangChun China Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Chicago United States

In recent years, the Transformer model has become a key part of many AI systems, making it important to understand how it works. The large parameter size and complex structure of the Transformer make interpretation more difficult and less efficient. Fortunately, there are many internal variables in Transformers that can aid in the explanation process, including attention matrices, gradients, hidden states, and activations between layers. Effectively utilizing these internal factors can help us better understand the decision-making process of Transformers. Also, most existing works focus on one type of these features and fail to investigate the interpretability of different variables in a unified model. To address these issues, this paper introduces a Reinforcement Learning environment in which the agent makes step-by-step modifications to input sequences to construct perturbed samples and gradually reduces the model's confidence in classification labels. The environment guides the agent to choose the token modification strategy along a more targeted interpretation path instead of random sampling, which can significantly improve the interpretation effectiveness. The flexibly designed agent can utilize multiple internal variables or even combinations of variables as observation, allowing for comparisons of their contributions to the model's interpretability. Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed model in both model interpretation and model adversarial attack tasks. We obtain a set of interesting findings, which can inspire further research on Transformer and Transformer-based model interpretation works. The code of this paper is available at https://***/niuzaisheng/Learn-to-Explain. © 2025

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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CGMatch: A Different Perspective of Semi-supervised Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cheng, Bo Lu, Jueqing Tian, Yuan Zhao, Haifeng Chang, Yi Du, Lan School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University China International Center of Future Science Jilin University China Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence MOE China Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Australia Department of Computer Science Jinling Institute of Technology China

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has garnered significant attention due to its ability to leverage limited labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data to improve model generalization performance. Recent approaches achieve impressive successes by combining ideas from both consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling. However, these methods tend to underperform in the more realistic situations with relatively scarce labeled data. We argue that this issue arises because existing methods rely solely on the model’s confidence, making them challenging to accurately assess the model’s state and identify unlabeled examples contributing to the training phase when supervision information is limited, especially during the early stages of model training. In this paper, we propose a novel SSL model called CGMatch, which, for the first time, incorporates a new metric known as Count-Gap (CG). We demonstrate that CG is effective in discovering unlabeled examples beneficial for model training. Along with confidence, a commonly used metric in SSL, we propose a fine-grained dynamic selection (FDS) strategy. This strategy dynamically divides the unlabeled dataset into three subsets with different characteristics: easy-to-learn set, ambiguous set, and hard-to-learn set. By selective filtering subsets, and applying corresponding regularization with selected subsets, we mitigate the negative impact of incorrect pseudo-labels on model optimization and generalization. Extensive experimental results on several common SSL benchmarks indicate the effectiveness of CGMatch especially when the labeled data are particularly limited. Source code is available at https://***/BoCheng-96/CGMatch. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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The Role of Mobile Computing in Adaptive Testing for English Language Learners: Personalizing Assessment to Improve Outcomes

The Role of Mobile Computing in Adaptive Testing for English...

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Smart Systems for applications in Electrical sciences (ICSSES), International Conference on

作者： Vimochana M Myagmarsuren Orosoo P Deepika Malik Bader Alazzam Giftsy Dorcas E Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh Department of English Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Chennai India Mongolian National University of Education Mongolia Department of English Nandha Engineering College (Autonomous) Erode India Faculty Information Technology Jadara University Irbid Jordan Department of English Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous) Bengaluru Karnataka Department of Computer Science College of Science Knowledge University Erbil Iraq

ISBN: (数字)9798331507671

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507688

Adaptive testing is considered a critical part of personalized assessment, especially for ELLs, since it assesses learners by changing the difficulty level of questions that are being presented to learners based on learner performance. Research studies in the past utilized rule-based or machine learning models, which could not fully capture the richness of linguistic variations and contextual understanding, therefore performing sub optimally. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel BERT-based adaptive testing framework. BERT uses a bidirectional approach to understand the entire context of learner responses, which helps in more accurate assessment and personalization. The proposed method outperforms existing models in key metrics such as accuracy (98.6 %), showcasing its ability to dynamically adjust question difficulty while providing contextually aware feedback. The system operates efficiently to provide real-time, personalized assessments through a mobile interface. It is scalable and accessible for widespread use. It addresses the shortcomings of earlier approaches by improving test accuracy, learner engagement, and overall educational outcomes.

关键词： Adaptation models Accuracy Adaptive systems Bidirectional control Smart systems Encoding Real-time systems Mobile computing Testing Context modeling

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Recurrent Neural Networks for Efficient Solutions to Time-Series Forecasting in Complex Mathematical Models

Recurrent Neural Networks for Efficient Solutions to Time-Se...

引用

Smart Systems for applications in Electrical sciences (ICSSES), International Conference on

作者： B Uppalaiah Anjum Ara Ahmad A. Annie Lotus Abdul Hameed Al-Shammari Sharmeen Izzat Hassan Dhaaraani R Department of Mathematics Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management Hyderabad India Department of Statistics Rizvi College of Arts Science & Commerce Mumbai Maharashtra India Department of Mathematics Sona College of Technology Salem India Uruk University Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Knowledge University Erbil Iraq Department of AI & DS K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Trichy Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798331507671

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507688

Time series Forecasting plays a major role mainly in areas including finance, health, and meteorology. Although, classical forecast methods, including ARIMA models and feedforward neural networks, fail at capturing long-term information and non-linear interactions in temporal systems. This paper explores the application of LSTM networks in improving forecasting accuracy while overcoming the limitations of traditional methods. The contribution of this work is in applying of LSTM models into complex mathematical frameworks capable to work with time-series data with minimal efforts required in feature engineering. A plan of the proposed framework is as follows: LSTM model training on the given time-series data and comparison with ARIMA and feedforward neural networks that leads to the comparison of results based on performance metrics like MAE, RMSE and MAPE. Overall, out of all analysed methods, LSTM model provides the lowest values of mean absolute error equal to 8.12, root mean squared error equal to 10.23 and mean absolute percentage error equal to 5.29 % which proves how good it was in dealing with data which contains relations with a more non-linear nature and experiencing long dependencies. Such results suggest that LSTMs are significantly superior to traditional approaches as a new method of time-series analysis and forecasting for complex systems. It is important to discuss the advantages of LSTM based on the aspect of the capability of being scaled and trainable when it comes to time-series forecasting and its demanding computation resource and training data.

关键词： Training Recurrent neural networks Time series analysis Weather forecasting Training data Mathematical models Data models Feedforward neural networks Forecasting Long short term memory

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ADAC: Actor-Double-Attention-Critic for Multi-Agent Cooperation in Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2025年

作者： Kong, He Xing, Qianli Wang, Qi Niu, Runliang Chen, Hechang Wang, Yu Wang, Shiqi Duan, Zhiyi Chang, Yi Jilin University Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineer of Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin Changchun130012 China Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence Changchun130010 China Jilin University Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineer of Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin Changchun130012 China Jilin University School of Artificial Intelligence Changchun130012 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence Changchun130010 China Jilin University College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin Changchun130012 China Inner Mongolia University Department of Computer Science Hohhot010021 China

The cooperation in mixed cooperative-competitive tasks has drawn significant attention in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. Agents need to cooperate with their teammates while competing against their opponents. However, most existing works treat the cooperative agents and competitive agents equally as they perform the same operation on all the agents. As a result, without distinguishing between cooperative and competitive agents, they may suffer from information disorder in learning an optimally cooperative policy and struggle to decide on the next step action. To address the above issues, we decompose the final Q-value into a weighted combination of three parts: the Q-values of the cooperative agents, the competitive group, and the current agent. A theoretical proof of the correctness of the decomposition is provided. With this decomposition, we are able to consider cooperative and competitive agents separately. Accordingly, we propose a multi-agent actor-critic algorithm called actor-double-attention-critic (ADAC) under centralized training and decentralized execution according to the decomposition. In ADAC, networks with group-specific attention and an attentional weighting network are specially designed. With the designed double-attention structure, ADAC can capture the distributions from different agents and improve cooperation performance. Extensive experiments are conducted in three scenarios with nine settings against six representative methods. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ADAC model against state-of-the-art methods in various mixed cooperative-competitive tasks. © 2000-2011 IEEE.

关键词： cooperation group-specific attention mixed tasks Multi-agent reinforcement learning

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Task Delay and Energy Consumption Minimization for Low-altitude MEC via Evolutionary Multi-objective Deep Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Geng Ma, Weilong Li, Jiahui Sun, Zemin Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Mao, Shiwen College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore College of Software Jilin University Changchun130012 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States

The low-altitude economy (LAE), driven by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other aircraft, has revolutionized fields such as transportation, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. In the upcoming six-generation (6G) era, UAV-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) is particularly crucial in challenging environments such as mountainous or disaster-stricken areas. The computation task offloading problem is one of the key issues in UAV-assisted MEC, primarily addressing the trade-off between minimizing the task delay and the energy consumption of the UAV. In this paper, we consider a UAV-assisted MEC system where the UAV carries the edge servers to facilitate task offloading for ground devices (GDs), and formulate a calculation delay and energy consumption multi-objective optimization problem (CDECMOP) to simultaneously improve the performance and reduce the cost of the system. Then, by modeling the formulated problem as a multi-objective Markov decision process (MOMDP), we propose a multi-objective deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm within an evolutionary framework to dynamically adjust the weights and obtain non-dominated policies. Moreover, to ensure stable convergence and improve performance, we incorporate a target distribution learning (TDL) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can better balance multiple optimization objectives and obtain superior non-dominated solutions compared to other methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Exploring diabetes through the lens of AI and computer vision: Methods and future prospects

引用

computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109537-109537页

作者： Chundi, Ramesh G., Sasikala Basivi, Praveen Kumar Tippana, Anitha Hulipalled, Vishwanath R. N., Prabakaran Simha, Jay B. Kim, Chang Woo Kakani, Vijay Pasupuleti, Visweswara Rao School of Computer Applications Dayananda Sagar University Bangalore India School of Computer Science and Applications REVA University Rukmini Knowledge Park Bangalore560064 India Pukyong National University Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Department of Biotechnology School of Applied Sciences REVA University Rukmini Knowledge Park Bangalore560064 India School of Computing and Information Technology REVA University Rukmini Knowledge Park Bangalore560064 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Vellore632014 India Abiba Systems CTO and RACE Labs REVA University Rukmini Knowledge Park Bangalore560064 India Department of Nanotechnology Engineering College of Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Integrated System Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu Incheon22212 Korea Republic of School of Biosciences Taylor's University Lakeside Campus Selangor Subang Jaya47500 Malaysia Faculty of Earth Sciences Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli Jeli Kelantan17600 Malaysia

Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment plans for diabetes are crucial for ensuring individuals’ well-being. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision are highly regarded for their ability to enhance the accessibility of large datasets for dynamic training and deliver efficient real-time intelligent technologies and predictable models. The application of AI and computer vision techniques to enhance the analysis of clinical data is referred to as eHealth solutions that employ advanced approaches to aid medical applications. This study examines several advancements and applications of machine learning, deep learning, and machine vision in global perception, with a focus on sustainability. This article discusses the significance of utilizing artificial intelligence and computer vision to detect diabetes, as it has the potential to significantly mitigate harm to human life. This paper provides several comments addressing challenges and recommendations for the use of this technology in the field of diabetes. This study explores the potential of employing Industry 4.0 technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision robotics, as effective tools for effectively dealing with diabetes related aspects. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Artificial intelligence computer vision Diabetes Deep learning Machine learning

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