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Machine Learning-Based Determination of the Residual Tensile Force for Prestressed Tendons Under Various Arrangement Conditions Based on a Solenoid-Type Electromagnetic Induction Sensor: Focus on the Ground Anchor system

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ko, Dongyoung Park, Jooyoung Park, Minsoo Lee, Changjun Park, Seunghee Department of Global Smart City Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of the Civil Architectural and Environmental System Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of AI Research Institute Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Civil Architectural Engineering & Landscape Architecture Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Solenoid-type electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have long been studied owing to their high performance in estimating the residual tension force (RTF) of tendons based on the magnetostriction effect. However, conclusions drawn from specific studies are only applicable to the same target. It means, the rules and models cannot be employed on other target materials. Thus, further study is required to convert and apply the rules and models from previous studies to a new target object. This study aimed to develop a conversion framework that can predict the RTF under various conditions of the target object for improving the applicability of the EMI sensor. A ground anchor system was adopted as a case study to verify the developed conversion framework. To this end, a finite element (FE) framework was developed to determine the magnetic responses in the nonloaded state for each case of the arrangement of steel strands, and the computation accuracy of the FE model was verified through experiments. Subsequently, loading and unloading experiments were conducted simultaneously with an EMI sensor and a load cell to acquire the electromagnetic responses corresponding to RTF levels. To overcome the complexity of electromagnetic behaviors and the nonlinear correlation between the unloading cycle and the electromagnetic response, seven machine learning (ML)–based prediction models were developed. The efficiency of ML models was evaluated using statistical parameters. The ML-based prediction models showed an acceptable performance in predicting RTFs under different arrangement conditions. The predicted residual tension force of the target arrangement case was found to be in good agreement with the actual values recorded by the load cell. Specifically, the tree-based models (random forest, gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting) demonstrated an outstanding performance. These results suggest that the developed conversion framework can be utilized to predict the RTF of un

关键词： Machine learning

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Rapid Changes in Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Uptake Captured in Near-Real Time from a Geostationary Satellite: The Alive Framework

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Losos, Daniele Ranjbar, Sadegh Hoffman, Sophie Abernathey, Ryan Desai, Ankur R. Otkin, Jason A. Zhang, Helin Ryu, Youngryel Stoy, Paul C. Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin – Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin – Madison MadisonWI United States Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University United States Earthmover Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin – Madison MadisonWI United States Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

The terrestrial carbon cycle responds dynamically to human activity, weather and climate variability, and extreme events. Satellite remote sensing has revolutionized our ability to estimate ecosystem carbon uptake via gross primary productivity (GPP) with increasing accuracy and spatial resolution. Many aspects of terrestrial carbon cycling happen quickly, and may not be captured at the temporal scales of most remote sensing products – often multiple days or longer. Imagers onboard geostationary satellites measure the Earth system at "hypertemporal" time scales of minutes or less, and often have the spectral capabilities to estimate GPP and other surface-atmosphere fluxes at this rapid cadence. Here, we build upon established approaches for estimating GPP using the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellite – R Series (GOES-R) to create ALIVEGPP (Advanced Baseline Imager Live Imaging of Vegetated Ecosystems), a GPP product that provides open data on the native five-minute basis of GOES-R CONUS scenes with latency under one day. Our machine learning model, trained on GPP estimates from over 100 eddy covariance flux towers spanning tropical to boreal ecosystems, captures 66% of the variability in half-hourly GPP estimates when 20% of the data from all training sites are withheld, and 63% when 20% of tower sites are withheld, with R2 values of 0.78 (0.82) when aggregating to daily (weekly) periods. We compared ALIVE predictions against eight-day MODIS MOD17A2 GPP estimates and daily GPP estimates from the Breathing Earth system Simulator v2 (BESSv2), and applied ALIVE to demonstrate how it simulates the impacts of fire, wildfire smoke, synoptic meteorology, phenological transitions, flash drought, and hurricanes on GPP. Advancements to geostationary satellite imagery, machine learning, and cloud computing make it possible to estimate carbon flux in near real-time, and provide new ways to understand the ever-changing carbon c

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Assessment of Path Design Cooling Strategies in High-Rise Residential Complexes: A Case Study in Suwon, South Korea

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ma, Fengdi Yoon, Heeyeun Jin, Yeongeun Baek, Seungjoo Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Intensive urbanization has exacerbated overheating and the concomitant negative effects on human health. Street-level treatments improve pedestrian comfort, while few studies have examined the subject at a high-rise residential complex. Also, the spatial extent of such cooling effects from paths to the adjacent area has not been evaluated. This study analyzes the cooling effects of heat mitigation strategies using ENVI-met simulation of four thermal indicators – surface temperature (Tsurf), air temperature (Ta), mean radiant temperature (MRT), and physiological equivalent temperature (PET) – in two high-rise residential complexes. The mitigation strategies are reflective pavement, single-row, and clustered tree planting. The results show that application of single-row planting provides more significant cooling effects than the others for the entire site. The reduction of single-row planting is up to 5.5 °C for Tsurf, 0.2 °C for Ta, 16.2 °C for MRT, and 5.8 °C for PET at 12.72 m away from paths. Among the scenarios with combinations of those two strategies, single-row planting with reflective pavement provides the most cooling in Tsurf and Ta, but a single-row planting with low-albedo pavement performs better in MRT and PET reduction. This research may provide stakeholders with guidelines for improving thermal comfort in outdoor open spaces. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pavements

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landscape Design for Improved Thermal Environment: An Optimized Tree Arrangement Design for Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces in Residential Buildings

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Hyuck Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Smart Green Solution team SK forest Seoul Korea Republic of National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8506 Japan Systemic Risk and Resilience Research Group Advancing Systems Analysis International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Austria Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations;however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results to the planning process due to the model's complexity and the computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for heat stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), by decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using a multilayer MRT model. This method also enables the reproduction of optimized layouts considering the effect of tree arrangement in residential buildings. Multi-objectives were achieved through an evolutionary algorithm, resulting in more effective design layouts combining tree types and arrangements, all within a standard budget. By adopting this study's approach, landscape designers can create climate-responsive tree layouts with reduced heat exposure and generate customized planting designs tailored to their preferences. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Author Correction: Barriers and opportunities for resilient and sustainable urban forests

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2025年 1页

作者： Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez Rachael Gallagher Renee M. Marchin Mark G. Tjoelker Carlo Calfapietra Paloma Cariñanos Cynnamon Dobbs Ana Alice Eleuterio Diego Esperon Rodriguez Ali Jahani Elizaveta Litvak Stephen J. Livesley Gabriele Manoli Timon McPhearson Christian Messier Johan Östberg Henrik Sjöman Björn Wiström Lara A. Roman Alessio Russo Maryam Saffariha Charlie Shackleton Ingjerd Solfjeld Jonah Susskind Jens-Christian Svenning Natalie van Doorn Jun Yang Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia School of Science Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems National Research Council of Italy Porano Italy National Biodiversity Future Centre Palermo Italy Department of Botany Faculty of Pharmacy University of Granada Granada Spain Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research University of Granada (IISTA-CEAMA) Granada Spain Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia Sociedade e Política Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Foz do Iguaçu Brazil Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico Faculty of Assessment and Environment Risks Department Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development Tehran Iran School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Richmond Victoria Australia School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Urban Systems Lab The New School New York NY USA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Département des Sciences Naturelles Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon Quebec Canada Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Landscape Architecture Planning and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden Gothenburg Botanical Garden Gothenburg Sweden Royal Botanic Gardens Richmond UK Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Riverside CA USA School of Architecture and Built Environment Queensland

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Barriers and opportunities for resilient and sustainable urban forests

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2025年 1-9页

作者： Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez Rachael Gallagher Renee M. Marchin Mark G. Tjoelker Carlo Calfapietra Paloma Cariñanos Cynnamon Dobbs Ana Alice Eleuterio Diego Esperon Rodriguez Ali Jahani Elizaveta Litvak Stephen J. Livesley Gabriel Manoli Timon McPhearson Christian Messier Johan Östberg Henrik Sjöman Björn Wiström Lara A. Roman Alessio Russo Maryam Saffariha Charlie Shackleton Ingjerd Solfjeld Jonah Susskind Jens-Christian Svenning Natalie van Doorn Jun Yang Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia School of Science Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems National Research Council of Italy Porano Italy National Biodiversity Future Centre Palermo Italy Department of Botany Faculty of Pharmacy University of Granada Granada Spain Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research University of Granada (IISTA-CEAMA) Granada Spain Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Instituto Latino-Americano de Economia Sociedade e Política Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Foz do Iguaçu Brazil Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico Faculty of Assessment and Environment Risks Department Research Center of Environment and Sustainable Development Tehran Iran School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Richmond Victoria Australia School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Urban Systems Lab The New School New York NY USA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Département des Sciences Naturelles Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon Quebec Canada Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Landscape Architecture Planning and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden Gothenburg Botanical Garden Gothenburg Sweden Royal Botanic Gardens Richmond UK Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Riverside CA USA School of Architecture and Built Environment Queensland

As cities heat up and expand in area and population, urban forests offer a nature-based solution to enhance liveability and reduce rising temperatures in cities. However, urban forests are vulnerable to climate change and face costly establishment and maintenance challenges. Here we explore four key ecological and socioeconomic barriers to achieving resilient urban forests: species selection, tree supply, tree life cycle (establishment and maintenance, including irrigation) and community engagement. We discuss how integrating traditional urban forestry practices with emerging technology offers a holistic approach to creating resilient, sustainable urban forests that can adapt to climate change while meeting community needs.

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Do Urban landscape Amenities Improve the Level of Thermal Comfort? A Human Experiment Using Psychological (TSV) and Physiological (EEG) Indices

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jin, Yeongeun Yoon, Heeyeun Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Seoul National University Korea Republic of 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Extreme heat stress exacerbates mental health by inducing mood changes, increasing physiological distress and physical health by discouraging outdoor activities. Greenery systems have been suggested to improve outdoor thermal conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of such amenities on human thermal comfort under five outdoor spatial settings—baseline, facing a green wall, sitting against the green wall, looking at the green roof, and being under the shade canopy—by conducting a human experiment and analyzing physiological (EEG) and psychological (thermal sensation vote) data with a multilevel model. By conducting a survey, we found that people feel more thermally comfortable under a shaded canopy than in greenery systems, and the visual effect of greenery systems positively influences the perceived thermal comfort level. The stress-relieving effect was larger in vertical than horizontal greenery systems. When people are exposed to greenery systems, they feel more comfortable and psychologically improved. Our findings support the introduction of outdoor landscape amenities to improve environmental quality in summer. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal comfort

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Efficiency of urban greening systems with maximized latent heat effect in urban heat island and climate change mitigation

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Environmental Challenges 2024年 15卷

作者： Park, Seunghwan Kim, Eun-Sub Yun, Seok-Hwan Lee, Dong-Kun Department of Building Energy Research Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Goyang 10223 South Korea Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Ave Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa Ibaraki Tsukuba 305-8506 Japan Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea

Street, wall, and rooftop greening systems are essential for urban heat reduction and carbon neutrality. In this study, we compared the temperature-reducing effect of current and developed technologies that maximize the latent heat of evaporation through such greening systems. A research site with the maximum urban heat island effect was selected by analyzing the vulnerability of Suwon City, Korea. The latent heat of evaporation for each method was determined by conducting actual measurements and verified by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations. Based on the results of statistical techniques, the validated model was highly reliable. When developed technologies were applied, the temperature of the entire city was reduced by approximately 2 °C. Compared with the existing street greening system, the developed technology achieved a temperature reduction effect even at a distance of 5 m. Current wall greening systems only have a temperature reduction effect at 1 m, but that of the developed technology was approximately 1 °C even at a distance of 2 m. The existing rooftop greening system had a temperature reduction effect only at the height of 1.2 m, whereas that of the developed technology was effective even at 6 m, contributing to a reduction in the temperature of the entire city. © 2024

关键词： Canopy layer urban heat island Computational fluid dynamics simulation Evapotranspiration model Numerical analysis Temperature reduction

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Cultural ecology of heritage building adaptation in tropical cities

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期780卷

作者： B Chang A Hasanah H M Caesarina Urban and Rural Planning Department School of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry University China Urban and Regional Planning Department Faculty of Engineering University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin Indonesia

The colonization left some buildings which still used by the cities until now. Rapid urbanization puts pressure on the sustainability of heritage buildings. Heritage buildings have not only historical-cultural values but also reflect the relationship between the building and its location or occupants. This article aims to identify the cultural ecology concept in the form of heritage building adaptation in tropical cities, as a part of heritage building conservation efforts. This research conducted a literature review method to specify the concept of cultural ecology and to find tropical cities' characteristics related to environmental aspects that affect the form of building adaptation. The results show that climate elements, topography, and vegetation conditions are important characteristics that affect the heritage building adaptation in tropical cities. The adaptation efforts that have been carried out on heritage buildings are the existence of additional elements in buildings that function to overcome the adverse effects environment conditions. The existence of heritage buildings for long periods is evidence that adaptation is an essential point in protecting and preserving heritage buildings. Building adaptation in the cultural ecology concept provides opportunities for heritage buildings to survive in a dynamic environmental condition and increasingly varied human needs.

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A systematic review of the scientifically demonstrated effects of densification

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第5期588卷

作者： M Y Berghauser Pont P G Perg P A Haupt A Heyman Chalmers University of Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Gothenburg Sweden Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Uppsala Sweden SLU Landscape Ultuna Department of Urban and Rural Development Uppsala Sweden

One of the current dominant strategies proposed for sustainable urban development is densification. UN Habitat prescribes a density of over 150 inhabitants per hectare to realize the UN Sustainable Development Goals. While some authors advocate the very reasonable benefits of density, others emphasize the potential drawbacks. The main goal of this paper is to provide a systematic review of international research on urban density and its potential benefits and drawbacks for sustainable urban development. 1208 articles were selected from Web of Science and after the screening of abstracts, 330 papers were found eligible to be included in the quantitative synthesis. Results show that the effects of densification that dominate literature are transport related studies (41%), followed by studies focusing on economics (14%), social effects (12%) and human health (11%). Least studied effects are resource efficiency (1%), service (3%) and urban environment (4%). Positive correlations with higher density are reported for transport and economics, while ecology, social impact and health show mainly negative correlations with higher density. The findings reported are generic as similar trends are found in North America, Asia and Europe and only minor differences in outcome are found in studies using different measures of density, unit or scale of analysis.

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