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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR RESOURCE ALLOCATION ON GRID systems

Journal of Interconnection Networks 2007年第4期8卷 427-443页

作者： FATOS XHAFA LEONARD BAROLLI ARJAN DURRESI Polytechnic University of Catalonia Department of Languages and Informatics Systems C/Jordi Girona 1-3 08034 Barcelona Spain Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT) 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan Department of Computer and Information Science Purdue University School of Science Indianapolis 723 W. Michigan St. SL 280M Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

Computational Grid (CG) is an emerging paradigm in which geographically distributed resources are logically unified as a computational unit. A challenging problem in such systems is the allocation of jobs to resources that minimizes both makespan and flowtime parameters. In this paper, we present an experimental study on Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for scheduling independents jobs to Grid resources based on two replacement strategies: Steady-State GA (SSGA) and Struggle GA (SGA). SSGA distinguishes for its accentuated convergence of the population that rapidly reaches good solutions though it is soon stagnated. The SGA is based on struggle replacement and adaptively maintains diverse population, reducing thus convergence rapidity. The experimental results, based on a benchmark simulation model, showed that SGA outperforms SSGA for moderate size instances. On the other hand, the time needed by the SGA to reach makespan values obtained by the SSGA rapidly increases as more jobs and machines are added to the Grid. Thus, for larger size instances, SGA is not able to improve the results of the SSGA. Finally, we also report and analyze flowtime values for the considered benchmark.

关键词： Resource allocation Genetic Algorithm Job Scheduling Computational Grids ETC Simulation model

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REACTIVE AND PROACTIVE PROTOCOLS FOR AD-HOC SENSOR NETWORKS USING DIFFERENT RADIO MODELS

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Journal of Interconnection Networks 2007年第4期8卷 387-405页

作者： TAO YANG LEONARD BAROLLI MAKOTO IKEDA ARJAN DURRESI FATOS XHAFA Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT) 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT) 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-ku Fukuoka 811-0295 Japan Department of Computer and Information Science Indiana University Perdue University Indianapolis 723 W. Michigan Street SL 280 Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Polytechnic University of Catalonia Department of Languages and Informatics Systems C/Jordi Girona 1-3 08034 Barcelona Spain

In this paper, we consider the behavior of a wireless ad-hoc sensor network for different radio models. By means of simulations, we analyze the performance of three protocols: AODV, DSR, and DSDV considering two radio models TwoRayGround and Shadowing. In difference with other works, we generalize the type of radio model by allowing the path loss randomnesses to be present in the service environment of the network. We study the perceived Goodput and Depletion of the ad-hoc sensor network and compare the performance of three protocols for different scenarios. The simulation results confirm the fact that the shadowing phenomena, by destroying the regularity of the network, reduce the mean distance among nodes and at the same time increase the interference level and the latency of packet transmission. In particular, we found a maximum relative difference of 70%. On the other hand, for the proactive DSDV routing protocol the energy consumption rate seems to be independent of the radio model, at least for moderate size of the network (256 nodes). Also, we found that the packet delivery ratio of AODV and DSR routing protocols are more stable than DSDV protocol.

关键词： Sensor networks Sensor-actor networks Ad-hoc networks Radio models Reactive protocols Proactive protocols

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Developing a computer science-specific learning taxonomy 07

Developing a computer science-specific learning taxonomy

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2007 Working Group Reports on ITiCSE on Innovation and Technology in computer Science Education, ITiCSE-WGR 2007

作者： Fuller, Ursula Johnson, Colin G. Ahoniemi, Tuukka Cukierman, Diana Hernán-Losada, Isidoro Jackova, Jana Lahtinen, Essi Lewis, Tracy L. Thompson, Donna McGee Riedesel, Charles Thompson, Errol Computing Laboratory University of Kent CanterburyCT2 7NF United Kingdom Institute of Software Systems Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University BurnabyBC Canada Department of Lenguajes Y Sistemas Informáticos Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain Faculty of Management Science and Informatics University of Zilina Zilina Slovakia Department of Information Technology Radford University RadfordVA24142 United States Department of Learning Commons Simon Fraser University BurnabyBC Canada Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln 259 Avery Hall LincolnNE68588-0115 United States Massey University Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450378420

Bloom's taxonomy of the cognitive domain and the SOLO taxonomy are being increasingly widely used in the design and assessment of courses, but there are some drawbacks to their use in computer science. This paper reviews the literature on educational taxonomies and their use in computer science education, identifies some of the problems that arise, proposes a new taxonomy and discusses how this can be used in application-oriented courses such as programming.

关键词： Taxonomies

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Value-based design of software V&V processes for NASA flight projects

Value-based design of software V&V processes for NASA flight...

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AIAA Space 2007 Conference

作者： Madachy, Raymond Boehm, Barry Richardson, Julian Feather, Martin Menzies, Tim University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration AMES Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratories Pasadena CA 91109 United States West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 United States University of Southern California Center for Systems and Software Engineering SAL 328 941 W. 37th Place Los Angeles CA 90089 United States AIAA RIACS USRA NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 United States Software Quality Assurance Office Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA 91109-8099 United States West Virginia University Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering PO Box 6109 Morgantown WV 26506 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1563479079

software risk advisory tools have been developed to support Verification and Validation (V&V) processes for NASA flight projects on the Constellation program. The Orthogonal Defect Classification COnstructive QUALity MOdel (ODC COQUALMO) predicts software defects introduced and removed classifying them with ODC defect types, allowing various tradeoff analyses. We have been exploring methods to design and optimize V&V processes with static and dynamic versions of the quality model by integrating it with different risk minimization techniques. These techniques allow "what-if" experimentation to determine the impact of V&V techniques on specific risks and overall flight risk. V&V techniques are quantified from a value-based perspective when the defect model is integrated with machine learning, strategic optimization and JPL's Defect Detection and Prevention (DDP) risk management method. Results to-date show that the automated methods are practical for flight projects to design higher value V&V processes in shorter time and with fewer resources.

关键词： software design

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High-speed software development practices: What works, what doesn't

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IT Professional 2006年第4期8卷 29-36页

作者： Baskerville, Richard Ramesh, Balasubramaniam Levine, Linda Pries-Heje, Jan Department of Computer Information Systems Georgia State University Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Department of Design of Organizational IT IT University of Copenhagen

An empirical study of high-speed software development practices was conducted in US companies. Fast development, along with low cost and high quality has formed a tripartite tension among software engineering goals. The detailed case studies of Internet software development were reviewed in 10 companies and then knowledge was synthesized on best practice for quality and agility. Agile methodologies, including Extreme Programming and Scrum are found increasing in the software development field. Some of the problems identified in high speed software development, include demands of time-to-market compression, insufficient programmer productivity, ambiguous requirements, fluid requirements, lack of design time and experience, and changing environment. The solutions to the problems identified, include parallel development and frequent releases, greater reliance on tools and reusable components, production prototyping, customer implantation, multitiered architecture and emphasis on acquiring the right expertise and tailored methodology.

关键词： computer software

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A decentralized computational infrastructure for grid-based parallel asynchronous iterative applications

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Journal of Grid Computing 2006年第4期4卷 355-372页

作者： Li, Zhen Parashar, Manish The Applied Software Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 United States

Parallel asynchronous iterative algorithms relax synchronization and communication requirements, and can potentially extend Desktop Grids beyond embarrassingly parallel applications to support a broader class of parallel iterative applications. This paper presents the design and implementation of CometG, a decentralized (peer-to-peer) computational infrastructure that extends Desktop Grid environments to support these applications. CometG provides a decentralized and scalable tuple space, efficient communication and coordination support, and application-level abstractions that can be used to implement Desktop Grid applications based on parallel asynchronous iterative algorithms using the master-worker/BOT paradigm. The deployment and evaluations of CometG and a CometG-based application in a wide-area environment using the PlanetLab [7] test bed, as well as a campus network are presented. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.

关键词： Decentralized (peer-to-peer) tuple space Desktop Grids Parallel asynchronous iterative algorithms

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Message passing over windows-based desktop grids

Message passing over windows-based desktop grids

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4th International Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing (MGC'06) held at the ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference

作者： Queiroz, Carlos Netto, Marco A. S. Buyya, Rajkumar Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)1595935819

Message Passing is a popular mechanism used to enable inter-process communication in parallel and distributed computing. Many complex scientific and engineering applications that are executed on clusters have been developed based on this communication model. Due to the huge amount of computing power being wasted in desktops, there is an increasing interest in using these computers to execute complex applications. However, most of the current middleware systems are aimed at executing only embarrassingly parallel applications, i.e. with no inter-process communication. Moreover, most existing middleware systems are based on Linux. Nevertheless, it is well-known that the desktop machines in the world are predominantly based on the Windows operating system. Hence, in this work we present the design implementation and evaluation performance of a Windows-based implementation of two message passing models, Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP), over the Alchemi Grid computing framework. © 2006 ACM.

关键词： Message passing

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ArikIturri: An automatic question generator based on corpora and NLP techniques

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8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring systems, ITS 2006

作者： Aldabe, Itziar De Lacalle, Maddalen Lopez Maritxalar, Montse Martinez, Edurne Uria, Larraitz Department of Computer Languages and Systems Computer Engineering Faculty University of the Basque Country P.O. box 649 E-20080 Donostia Spain ELEKA Language Engineering Enterprise

ISBN: (纸本)3540351590

Knowledge construction is expensive for computer Assisted Assessment. When setting exercise questions, teachers use Test Makers to construct Question Banks. The addition of Automatic Generation to assessment applications decreases the time spent on constructing examination papers. In this article, we present ArikIturri, an Automatic Question Generator for Basque language test questions, which is independent from the test assessment application that uses it. The information source for this question generator consists of linguistically analysed real corpora, represented in XML mark-up language. ArikIturri makes use of NLP tools. The influence of the robustness of those tools and the used corpora is highlighted in the article. We have proved the viability of ArikIturri when constructing fill-in-the-blank, word formation, multiple choice, and error correction question types. In the evaluation of this automatic generator, we have obtained positive results as regards the generation process and its usefulness. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Automated analysis of natural language properties for UML models

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MoDELS 2005 International Workshops OCLWS, MoDeVA, MARTES, AOM, MTiP, WiSME, MODAUI, NfC, MDD, WUsCAM

作者： Konrad, Sascha Cheng, Betty H. C. Software Engineering and Network Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540317805

It is well known that errors introduced early in the development process are commonly the most expensive to correct. The increasingly popular model-driven architecture (MDA) exacerbates this problem by propagating these errors automatically to design and code. This paper describes a round trip engineering process that supports the specification of a UML model using CASE tools, the analysis of specified natural language properties, and the subsequent model refinement to eliminate errors uncovered during the analysis. This process has been implemented in SPIDER, a tool suite that enables developers to specify and analyze a UML model with respect to behavioral properties specified in terms of natural language. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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COCA: A contract-based infrastructure for composing adaptive multimedia systems

COCA: A contract-based infrastructure for composing adaptive...

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26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing systems Workshops, ICDCS 2006

作者： Zhou, Zhinan McKinley, Philip K. Software Engineering and Network Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769525415

Achieving acceptable quality of service in highly dynamic computing environments requires not only adaptation and reconfiguration of individual components of the system, but also collaboration among these components. To address these issues in adaptive multimedia applications, we propose COCA, a contract-based collaborative adaptation infrastructure. COCA uses contract specifications to describe the relationships among different system components, to generate code that realizes adaptive functionality, and to govern system-wide adaptive behavior during execution. COCA also provides a set of reusable adaptation services that enable legacy components to be integrated into an adaptive system. We demonstrate the use of COCA to construct an adaptive multimedia conferencing system from a collection of existing components that were not originally designed for interoperation. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Multimedia systems

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